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42 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
Difference Between Tendons and Ligaments
Ligaments connect bone to bone whereas Tendons connect muscle to bone
Compare fusiform and multipennate muscles.
Fusiform muscles have long, straight fibres whereas multipennate muscles have branching fibres. There are different types of multipennate muscles.
The all or nothing principle
Either all of the fibres in a motor unit will fire or none will, hence all or nothing.
What is inertia?
An objects resistance to change from its current state of movement, including not moving.
What's an aerobic steady state
Oxygen demand is equal to oxygen supply
Muscle arrangement of a fusiform muscle
Long straight fibres the run from tendon to tendon
Tidal Volume
The amount of air inhaled and exhaled per breath
Respiratory Rate
the rate at which a person inhales and exhales;
Minute Ventilation is?
The volume of air moved in and out of the lungs in one minute
Ventilation= Respiratory Rate vs Tidal Volume
How quickly you are breathing vs How much air you are taking in
Define linear motion
When all body parts are moving in the same direction at the same time
Define force
A force is a push or pull on an object. A force is an interaction with another object.
What are carbohydrates converted to for storage?
Glycogen
What molecule splits, to create energy?
Adenosine Tri-phosphate
Compare range of motion for:
Ball and socket joint
Pivot Joint
Hinge Joint
Ball and socket: Has a large range of motion in all planes of movement
Hinge: Has movement in only one plane of movement, Up or down
Pivot: Can only offer rotation
Characteristics of fast and slow twitch fibres
Fast Twitch: White in colour, offers short, explosive energy
Slow twitch: Red in colour, lasts a lot longer than fast twitch
Define Superior/Inferior and Flexion/Extension
Superior: Closer to the head than another part
Inferior: Closer to the feet than another part
Flexion: Bone angle is decreasing
Extension Bone angle is increasing
How does changing weight of an athlete change momentum in a collision.
Momentum= Mass x Velocity
Difference between velocity and acceleration
Velocity is the product of Displacement and change in time whereas Acceleration is the measure in change of velocity over time.
Blood Flow to major organs and skeletal muscles
The longer you exercise for, the larger the percentage of blood that is going to your muscles. At the start most is going to the organs.
Stroke Volume
In cardiovascular physiology, stroke volume (SV) is the volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart with each beat
Cardiac Output= Heart Rate Stroke Volume
the amount of blood pumped out by the ventricles in a given period of time
Arterio venous Oxygen Difference
The amount of oxygen carried by the blood, higher when exercising than at rest
How is V02 maximum written/expressed
V02 max is the maximum oxygen usage available in one minute at max performance.
Maximum aerobic capacity
Advantages of Anaerobic and Aerobic pathways.
Anaerobic: Advantages are offers a prolonged explosive burst of energy, no oxygen is required. Disadvantages are the by-product of lactic acid, doesn't last as long as aerobic system.

Aerobic: Lasts for an extremely long time and no by products other than carbon dioxide. Disadvantages are it doesn't offer the same power as anaerobic or atp-cp.
What happens when muscles contract?
Actin and Myosin slide over each other causing contraction.
What happens to an ATP molecule when used for energy.
It is "burnt up"
What movements can occur at the Hip, Knee and Ankle
Hip- Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction, internal and external rotation
Knee- Flexion and Extension
Anke: Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction, Circumduction
What types of Joints are the hip, knee and ankle
Hip is ball and socket, knee is hinge and ankle is codyloid
What muscles would cause these movements
For hip it would be the Quadriceps and Gluteus Maximus, For the knee it would be Quadriceps and Hamstrings and For the ankle is would be Gastrocnemius and Tibialis Anterior
What four bones form the knee
Femur, Tibia, Fibula and Patella
Difference Between Isotonic and Isometric Contractions.
Isotonic involve a change in muscle length whereas Isometric do not.
What is reciprocal inhibition
When one muscle lengthens, its "partner" muscle must shorten.
Define direct and indirect injuries
Direct injuries are caused by and external force whereas internal forces cause indirect injuries.
How and When might Ice and heat be used in treating such injuries.
Ice to reduce swelling and Heat to loosen and relax muscle.
Is using a pain killer ethical for an athlete
Yes, as long as it it not a regular thing
Would kicking a football or playing the piano activate more motor units?
Kicking a football
Principles of Good Stability
Lower Centre of Gravity, Multiple points of contact with ground, Wide base of support
What is a motor unit
A part of the muscle that contains muscle fibre
What is the equation for angular momentum
Angular momentum = Moment of Inertia x Angular Velocity
4 main chambers of the heart
Left and Right Atrium, Left and Right ventricle
Define a sprain and a strain
A sprain is a more serious version of a strain. Both are caused when a joint moves beyond its usual range of movement and either tendons or ligaments are either stretched or torn.