Unit 1 Biology

Front 1

What is the primary energy source of all cells?

Back 1

Carbohydrates

Front 2

What forms the structural material of cell walls?

Back 2

Carbohydrates

Front 3

What are the structural components of the cell?

Back 3

Proteins

Front 4

What are proteins composed of?

Back 4

Amino acids

Front 5

What's the structural component of cell membranes?

Back 5

Lipids

Front 6

What's the energy storage compound?

Back 6

Lipids

Front 7

Forming larger molecules by removing water from two smaller molecules

Back 7

Dehydration synthesis

Front 8

Large molecules are split into smaller molecules by the addition of water

Back 8

Hydrolysis

Front 9

____ compounds are metal and nonmetal

Back 9

Ionic

Front 10

A molecule composed of sugar subunits that contain a carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

Back 10

Carbohydrates

Front 11

Sugar names have the suffix ____

Back 11

-ose

Front 12

3 types of carbohydrates

Back 12

Monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide

Front 13

A polysaccharide used to store glucose in animals

Back 13

Glycogen

Front 14

A plant polysaccharide composed of multiple glucose subunits

Back 14

Starch

Front 15

Plant cell walls are made of _____

Back 15

Cellulose

Front 16

Formed from gylcerol and fatty acids. Used as storage of energy.

Back 16

Lipids

Front 17

A glycerol and 3 fatty acids, such as fats and oils.

Back 17

Triglyceride

Front 18

Phosphate group bonded to a glycerol backbone. Major component of cell membranes.

Back 18

Phospholipids.

Front 19

Long-chain fatty acids

Back 19

Waxes

Front 20

A chain of amino acids. Structural parts of cells.

Back 20

Proteins

Front 21

Building block of proteins

Back 21

Amino acids

Front 22

Bond formed from 2 amino acids

Back 22

Peptide bond

Front 23

Bonds are disrupted and protein changes shape

Back 23

Denaturation

Front 24

Protein permanently changes shape

Back 24

Coagulation

Front 25

Chemicals that speed up chemical reactions at low temperatures

Back 25

Catalysts

Front 26

A protein catalyst that allows chemical reactions to occur at low temperatures. Reduces activation energy for reaction.

Back 26

Enzyme

Front 27

The molecules on which the enzyme works

Back 27

Substrate

Front 28

Area of the enzyme that joins to the substrate molecule (like a key hole)

Back 28

Active site

Front 29

When substrate is connected to enzyme

Back 29

Enzyme-substrate complex

Front 30

2 models for Enzyme-Substrate complex

Back 30

Lock and key. Induced fit

Front 31

Helps enzymes bind to substrate

Back 31

Coenzymes

Front 32

Have shapes similar to substrate, competes for access to active sight

Back 32

Competitive inhibition

Front 33

Product of a metabolic pathway accumulates within a cell and interferes with one of the enzymes

Back 33

Feedback inhibition

Front 34

In digestion, carbs are broken down into _____

Back 34

Macromolecules

Front 35

In digestion, fats are broken down into _____

Back 35

Fatty acids and glycerol

Front 36

In digestion, proteins are broken down into _____

Back 36

Amino acids

Front 37

Digested nutrients are absorbed into blood

Back 37

Absorption

Front 38

Movement of food in esophagus happens by _____

Back 38

Peristalsis

Front 39

Keeps stomach contents from going back up

Back 39

Cardiac sphincter

Front 40

Regular release of chyme into small intestine

Back 40

Pyloric sphincter

Front 41

Most chemical digestion takes place in _____ _______

Back 41

Small intestine

Front 42

Three parts of small intestine

Back 42

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Front 43

Glandular organ connected to all intestine

Back 43

Pancreas

Front 44

Produces bile for fat digestion

Back 44

Liver

Front 45

Glucose +O2 --> ATP and CO2 + H20

Back 45

Cellular respiration

Front 46

Air filled channel at back of mouth

Back 46

Pharynx

Front 47

Contains vocal chords

Back 47

Larynx

Front 48

Oxygen carrying molecule. Increases amount of O2 that blood carries

Back 48

Hemoglobin