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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
empiricism |
the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation locke and bacon |
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structuralism |
an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind, made by Edward Bradford Titchener |
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functionalism |
a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable us to adapt, survive and flourish, made by wiliam james |
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behaviorism |
the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2) made by johhn watson and b.f skinner |
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gestalt pyschology |
need pieces of mind to have a whole, looks at human mind and behaviour as a whole, kohler, werthemeir |
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psychoanalysis: |
asserted behaviors and mental disorders arise from conflicts in the unconscious, freuds what you are aware of now |
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what are the main schools of thought?
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structuralism, functionalism, gestalt, behaviorism, pyschoanalysis |
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seven perspectives of pyschology? |
sociocultural, neurobiological, evolutionary, cognitive, behavioral, psychological, humanistic, allplied basic research, all behavior is multideterminal |
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where do roots of pyschology originate? |
in science specifically biology and philosophy, it is eclectic: mixture of many things |
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main issues in pyschology |
nature vs nurture, stability vs change, rationality versus irrationality |
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nature vs nurture |
controversy over relative contributions that genes (nature) and experience (nurture) make to the development of pyschological traits and behaviors |
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stability vs change |
do our traits change as we age or do they stay the same? |
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rationality vs. irrationality |
are we in control of our own behavior? do we have free will or are we at the mercy of the unconscious desires or our environment |
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what are the levels of analysis |
biological, psychological, sociocultural: bio-pyschosocial |
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history of psychology |
pyschology first lost its MIND (structuralist/introspection) then its consciousness (functionalist and gestalt) but it still somehow behaved: (behaviorist) there is now GOOD EVIDENCE: research on mental activities, using scientific tools psychology is regaining consciousness (cognitive, pysch rules) |
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def of pyschology |
study of mental processes and behavior |
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what is pseudopyschology |
phony, unscientific, can ause harm, fraud |
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psychiatrist: |
have md deal only with diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders view patients through medicine, do not care about behavior, dont get PHDS like psychologists, often confused with clinical psychologist |
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biological |
how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences, how genes combine with environment to influence individual differences |
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evolotionary |
how the natural selection of traits promoted the survival of the genes |
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pyschodynamic |
how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts |
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behavioral |
how we learn observable responses |
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cognitive |
how we encode, process, store, and retrieve info |
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humanistic |
how we meet our needs for love and acceptance and achieve self fulfillment |
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social cultural |
how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures |
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what is tabula rasa |
blank slate |
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socrates and plato thought |
knowledge is within us 400 B.C.E |
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aristotle |
knowledge grows from experience is not innate |
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rene descartes |
agreed with socrates tried to learn how mind and body communicate, brain fluid moved through nerves, 1600-1700 |
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francis bacon |
founder modern science, used experimentation, experience, mind finding patterns everywhere |
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john locke |
tablet rosa, blank slate, experience is used to grow came up with empiricism with bacon |
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wilhem wundt |
first actual pyschological experiment, 1879 |
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edward bradford titchener |
discover structural elemnts of the mind by using introspection |
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william james |
studied functions of thoughts, feelings, first pysch textbook |
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mary whiton calkins |
first female to be president of APA |
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margaret floy washburn |
first chick to recieve degree |
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john b. watson and rosalie rayner |
championed pyschology as the science of behavior and demostrated conditioned respones in a baby who became famous little albert |
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B. F Skinner |
leading behaviorist, rejected introspection, studied how consequences shape behavior |
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developmental pysch |
studying changing abilities over life |
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educational |
studying influences on teaching and learning |
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personality pysch: |
investigate traits |
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applied research |
tackles real problems, sports, |
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industrial organizationl pysch |
help companies |
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clinical pysch: |
treat emotional mental disorders, provide pyschotherapy, medical doctors that can prescribe drugs |
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carl rogers and abrham maslon
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used humanistic pyschology |
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modern perspectives |
biological, developmental, cognitive, pyschodynamic, humanistic, behavioral, socio cultural, trait, evolutionary |