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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Biosphere |
a network of all life on earth; commposed of all of the regions of the earth that contain living things |
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Ecosystem |
describes the interrelationship between orgainsms in a community and their physical environments |
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Biotic Factors |
the living things that shape an ecosystem |
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Abiotic Factors |
the non-living things that shape an ecosystem |
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Community |
a group of populations living in the same area |
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Population |
a group of individuals of the same species that are living in the same area |
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Habitat |
the place where an organism lives |
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Niche |
describes all the biotic and abiotic resources in the environment that are used by an organism |
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Fill Kill |
when fish in a water source die in mass because of eutrophication |
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Eutrophication |
occurs when a lot of nutrients are added to the water that is due to pollution |
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Nutrient Loading |
causes algae to grow rapidly on the surface of the water |
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Food Chain |
a linear system that shows how energy moves in an ecosystem |
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Food Web |
composed of all the interconnected and overlapping food chains in an ecosystem |
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Trophic System |
the pattern of feeding relationships consisting of several different levels; determines the flow of energy and routes of elements that are cycled |
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Trophic Level |
the level or position that an organism occupies in a food chain |
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Primary Consumers |
an organism that eats producers |
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Secondary Consumers |
an organism that eats primary consumers |
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Tertiary Consumers |
an organism that eats secondary consumers |
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Interdependence |
populations of organisms within an ecosystem can influence each other through their interactions and relationships
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Predation
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when one organism feeds on another |
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Symbolism |
when two species live together in close contact during a portion of their lives |
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Mutualism |
both species benefit |
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Commensalism |
one species benefits, the other is neither harmed nor benefits from the symbiosis |
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Parasitism |
one species benefits, the other species is unharmed |
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Biotic Potential |
maximum growth rate |
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Growth Rate |
the rate at which a population grows |
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Birth Rate |
the rate of births in a certain time period |
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Death Rate |
the rate at which organisms die |
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Positive Slope |
indicates the increase in population size |
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Negative Slope |
indicates the decrease in population size |
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Direct Relationship |
when two variables of a graph increase or decrease together with population |
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Inverse Relationship |
when two variables of a graph increase or decrease separatly |
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10% Rule |
only 10% of the energy is passed on from one trophic level to the other |
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Biomagnification |
the higher up the pyramid the higher the level of toxins |
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Carrying Capacity |
the maximum number of individuals of a population that can be sustained by a particular habitat |
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Limited Resources |
when there is not enough resources for every individual |
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Limiting Factors |
the things that prevent a population from growing as fast as it can |
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Population Density |
the number of individuals living in a given area
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Density Dependent Factors |
those that depend on population density Ex. resources |
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Density Independent Factors |
those that do not depend on population density Ex. natural disasters |
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Metabolism |
all the important reactions that happen in our body that keeps us alive |
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Reactions |
a chemical process where one set of substances is turned into another set of substances |
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Catabolic |
larger compounds are broken down into smaller compounds or elements to release energy |
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Anabolic |
smaller compounds are combined to form larger and more complex compounds; they require energy and are used to store energy |
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Stomata |
little openings in the leaves that control how the plant takes in or releases gases like carbon dioxide |
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Cellular Respiration |
has three steps Glycolysis- anaerobic in the cytosol, glucose = pyruvate. makes 2 ATP Kreb's Cycle- aerobic, acetyl = carbon. makes 2 ATP Electron Transport Cycle- aerobic; 32-34 ATP and water |
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Aerobic |
form of cellular respiration; with oxygen; |
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Anaerobic |
form of cellular respiration; without energy; prokaryote cells |
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Biogeochemical pathways |
any of the natural pathways that circulate essential elements of matter |
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Biogeochemical cycles |
diagrammed as food webs Ex. carbon cycle, water cycle, oxygen cycle, nitrogen cycle |
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Precise |
measurements are very close to each other and repeatable |
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Accurate |
measurements are very close to the true value |
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Valid |
both accurate and precise |
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Independent Variable |
the variable that the scientist intentionally changes in an experiment |
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Dependent Variable |
the variable that is changed at the end of the experiment |
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Constant or Controlled Variable |
the variable that remains the same throught the experiment |
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Control |
the normal group or trial |