Understanding Classification, Domains & Kingdoms: Naca

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Classification

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The process of grouping things based on their similarities.

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Taxonomy

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The scientific study of how organisms are classified.

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Carolus Linnaeus

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Creator of a system to name organisms.

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Binomial nomenclature

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a unique two-part naming system based on the genus and species of an organism.

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Genus

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a classification grouping that contains similar, closely related organisms.

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Species

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a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce.

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How is a scientific name written

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Both words are italicized; the first letter of the first word is capitalized and comes from its genus; the second word is all lowercase and comes from the species. For example: the scientific name for humans is:

Homosapiens (italicized)

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The broadest level of the classification system

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Domain

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Eukarya, Archaea and Bacteria are

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the three domains

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Levels of classification in order from broadest category to most specific

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Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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Tools for classifying organisms

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Dichotomous key, taxonomic key, field guide

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Six kingdoms

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Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Plant, Protist, Fungi, Animal

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Organisms are placed into domains and kingdoms based on these characteristics

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cell type, ability to make food, number of cells in body

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Organisms found in hot springs, very salty water and intestines of cows come from this kingdom

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Archaebacteria

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The process of change over time

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Evolution

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A diagram that shows probable evolutionary relationships among organisms and the order in which specific characteristics may have evolved.

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Branching tree diagram

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A trait such as fur, shape of teeth, or claws that the common ancestor of a group had passed on to its descendants

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Shared derived characteristics

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The process where unrelated organisms evolve characteristics that are similar. For example, birds and insects both use wings to fly, but are not closely related.

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Convergent evolution