Umbc Is 310 Exam 1

Front 1

Students of information systems generally focus on application software. Students of __________ generally focus on system software.

Back 1

computer science

Front 2

Configuring hardware and system software is an activity of the UP __________ discipline.

Back 2

deployment

Front 3

IS students and professionals should be familiar with professional societies, such as __________, __________, and __________.

Back 3

ACM, AITP, IEEE Computer Society

Front 4

Selecting hardware, network components, and system software is an activity of the UP __________ discipline.

Back 4

design or architectural design

Front 5

Typically, a(n) __________ is responsible for a large computer center and all the software running in it.

Back 5

computer operations manager

Front 6

The computer specialties most concerned with hardware and the hardware-software interface are __________ and computer engineering.

Back 6

computer science

Front 7

During the UP __________ disciplines, the business, its environment, and user requirements are defined and modeled.

Back 7

business modeling and requirements

Front 8

The job titles of people responsible for developing application software include __________, __________, and __________.

Back 8

programmer, systems analyst, and systems designer

Front 9

A(n) ____________ generally supports more simultaneous users than a(n) ____________. Both are designed to support more than one user.

Back 9

mainframe, minicomputer

Front 10

A(n) ____________ is a storage location implemented in the CPU.

Back 10

register

Front 11

The term ____________ refers to storage devices, not located in the CPU, that hold instructions and data of currently running programs.

Back 11

memory or main memory

Front 12

A problem-solving procedure that requires executing one or more comparison and branch instructions is called a(n) ____________.

Back 12

algorithm

Front 13

A(n) ____________ is a command to the CPU to perform one processing function on one or more data inputs.

Back 13

instruction

Front 14

The term ____________ describes the collection of storage devices that hold large quantities of data for long periods.

Back 14

secondary storage

Front 15

A(n) ____________ is a computer that manages shared resources and allows other computers to access them through a network.

Back 15

server

Front 16

A program that solves a(n) ____________ requires no branching instructions.

Back 16

formula

Front 17

The major components of a CPU are the ____________, ____________, and ____________.

Back 17

control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), registers

Front 18

Primary storage can also be called ____________ and is generally implemented with ____________.

Back 18

memory or main memory, RAM

Front 19

A set of instructions that’s executed to solve a specific problem is called a(n) ____________.

Back 19

program

Front 20

A(n) ____________ typically uses the latest and most expensive technology.

Back 20

supercomputer

Front 21

A(n) ____________ is a group of similar or identical computers, connected by a high-speed network, that cooperate to provide services or run a shared application.

Back 21

cluster

Front 22

A(n) ____________ is a group of dissimilar computer systems, connected by a high-speed network, that cooperate to provide services or run an application.

Back 22

grid

Front 23

A (n) ____________ consists of computing resources with a Web-based front-end interface to a large collection of computing and data resources.

Back 23

cloud

Front 24

A(n) ____________ is a hardware device that enables a computer to communicate with users or other computers.

Back 24

I/O device

Front 25

A CPU is a(n) ____________ processor capable of performing many different tasks simply by changing the program.

Back 25

general-purpose

Front 26

The __________ is the “plumbing” that connects all computer system components.

Back 26

system bus

Front 27

The CPU ____________ program instructions one at a time.

Back 27

executes

Front 28

The term ____________ describes a computer system’s components and their interactions.

Back 28

systems architecture

Front 29

Most programs are written in a(n) ____________, such as C or Java, which is then translated into equivalent CPU instructions.

Back 29

programming language

Front 30

Resource allocation and direct hardware control are the responsibilities of a(n) ____________.

Back 30

operating system

Front 31

____________ software is general-purpose software. ____________ software is specialized for specific user needs.

Back 31

system, application

Front 32

A(n) ____________ consists of hardware and software components that enable multiple users and computers to share information, software, and hardware resources.

Back 32

computer network

Front 33

An element in a(n) __________ contains pointers to both the next and previous list elements.

Back 33

doubly linked list

Front 34

__________ notation encodes a real number as a mantissa multiplied by a power (exponent) of 2.

Back 34

floating-point

Front 35

A(n) __________ is an integer stored in double the normal number of bit positions.

Back 35

double-precision integer

Front 36

Increasing a numeric representation format’s size (number of bits) increases the _____________ of values that can be represented.

Back 36

numeric range

Front 37

Assembly (machine) language programs for most computers use __________ notation to represent memory address values.

Back 37

hexadecimal

Front 38

A(n) __________ is a data item composed of multiple primitive data items.

Back 38

data structure

Front 39

In some IBM mainframe computers, characters are encoded according to the __________ coding scheme.

Back 39

EBCDIC

Front 40

A(n) __________ is the address of another data item or structure.

Back 40

pointer

Front 41

In a positional numbering system, the __________ separates digits representing whole number quantities from digits representing fractional quantities.

Back 41

radix point

Front 42

A(n) __________ is an array of characters.

Back 42

string

Front 43

Most Intel CPUs use the _____________ , in which each memory address is represented by two integers.

Back 43

segmented memory model

Front 44

A set of data items that can be accessed in a specified order by using pointers is called a(n) __________.

Back 44

linked list or index

Front 45

A(n) __________ contains 8 __________.

Back 45

byte, bits

Front 46

A(n) __________ list stores one pointer with each list element.

Back 46

singly linked list

Front 47

The result of adding, subtracting, or multiplying two integers might result in overflow but never __________ or __________.

Back 47

underflow, truncation

Front 48

A(n) __________ is a sequence of primitive data elements stored in sequential storage locations.

Back 48

array

Front 49

A(n) __________ is a data structure composed of other data structures or primitive data elements, commonly used as a unit of input and output to and from files or databases.

Back 49

record

Front 50

A(n) __________ data item can contain only the values true or false.

Back 50

Boolean

Front 51

A(n) __________ is an array of data items, each of which contains a key value and a pointer to another data item.

Back 51

index

Front 52

Many computers implement __________ numeric data types to increase accuracy and prevent overflow and underflow.

Back 52

double-precision

Front 53

Unlike ASCII and EBCDIC, __________ is a 16-bit or 32-bit character coding table.

Back 53

Unicode

Front 54

The__________ is the bit of lowest magnitude in a byte or bit string.

Back 54

least significant bit

Front 55

__________ occurs when the result of an arithmetic operation exceeds the number of bits available to store it.

Back 55

Overflow

Front 56

In a CPU, _____________ arithmetic generally is easier to implement than _____________ arithmetic because of a simpler data coding scheme and data manipulation circuitry.

Back 56

integer, floating-point

Front 57

In the __________, memory addresses consist of a single integer.

Back 57

flat memory model

Front 58

The __________ has defined a character-coding table called __________, which combines the ASCII-7 coding table with an additional 128 Western European multinational characters.

Back 58

ISO, Latin-1

Front 59

Data represented in _____________ is transmitted accurately between computer equipment from different manufacturers if each computer’s CPU represents real numbers by using an IEEE standard notation.

Back 59

floating-point notation

Front 60

The ordering of characters in a coding table is called a(n) __________.

Back 60

collating sequence

Front 61

A(n) __________ is a data structure containing both static data and methods.

Back 61

class

Front 62

A(n) __________ is one instance or variable of a class.

Back 62

object

Front 63

The __________ time of a processor is 1 divided by the clock rate (in Hz).

Back 63

cycle

Front 64

A CPU typically uses multiple __________ to account for differences in the number and type of operands in instructions.

Back 64

instruction formats

Front 65

__________ generates heat in electrical devices.

Back 65

Resistance

Front 66

__________ is a semiconducting material with optical properties.

Back 66

Gallium arsenide

Front 67

A(n) __________ is an electrical switch built of semiconducting materials.

Back 67

transistor

Front 68

A(n) __________ improves heat dissipation by providing a thermal mass and a large thermal transfer surface.

Back 68

heat sink

Front 69

One __________ is one cycle per second.

Back 69

hertz (Hz)

Front 70

Applying a(n) __________ OR transformation to input bit values 1 and 1 generates true. Applying a(n) __________ OR transformation to the same inputs generates false.

Back 70

inclusive, exclusive

Front 71

When an instruction is first fetched from memory, it’s placed in the __________ and then ___________ to extract its components.

Back 71

instruction register, decoded

Front 72

Using __________ instructions simplifies the process of instruction fetching and decoding.

Back 72

fixed-length

Front 73

A(n) __________ is an electrical circuit that implements a Boolean or other primitive processing function on single bit inputs.

Back 73

gate

Front 74

A microchip containing all the components of a CPU is called a(n) __________.

Back 74

microprocessor

Front 75

A(n) __________ instruction transforms the bit pairs 1/1, 1/0, and 0/1 into 1.

Back 75

(inclusive) OR

Front 76

The address of the next instruction to be fetched by the CPU is held in the __________.

Back 76

instruction pointer

Front 77

The contents of a memory location are copied to a register while performing a(n) __________ operation.

Back 77

load

Front 78

A(n) __________ or __________ contains multiple transistors or gates in a single sealed package.

Back 78

integrated circuit, microchip

Front 79

A(n) __________ instruction always alters the instruction execution sequence. A(n) __________ instruction alters the instruction execution sequence only if a specified condition is true.

Back 79

unconditional BRANCH, conditional BRANCH

Front 80

A(n) __________ processor doesn’t directly implement complex instructions.

Back 80

RISC

Front 81

A(n) __________ instruction copies data from one memory location to another.

Back 81

MOVE

Front 82

The CPU incurs one or more __________ when it is idle, pending the completion of an operation by another device in the computer system.

Back 82

wait states

Front 83

A(n) __________ is the number of bits the CPU processes simultaneously. It also describes the size of a single register.

Back 83

word

Front 84

In many CPUs, a register called the __________ stores bit flags representing CPU and program status, including those representing processing errors and the results of comparison operations.

Back 84

program status word (PSW)

Front 85

The components of an instruction are its __________ and one or more __________.

Back 85

op code, operands

Front 86

Two 1-bit values generate a 1 result value when a(n) __________ instruction is executed. All other input pairs generate a 0 result value.

Back 86

AND

Front 87

A(n) __________ CPU typically uses variable-length instructions and has a large instruction set.

Back 87

CISC

Front 88

A(n) __________ operation transforms a 0-bit value to 1 and a 1-bit value to 0.

Back 88

NOT

Front 89

__________ predicts that transistor density will double every two years or less.

Back 89

Moore’s Law

Front 90

A(n) __________ is a measure of CPU or computer system performance when performing specific tasks.

Back 90

benchmark

Front 91

__________ is a CPU design technique in which instruction execution is divided into multiple stages and different instructions can execute in different stages simultaneously.

Back 91

Pipelining