Prologue-David Myers 9Th Edition

Front 1

Who is Wilhelm Wundt?

Back 1

The father of psychology! Established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany.

Front 2

Define Structuralism

Back 2

An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind

Front 3

What method did Edward Titchener use with his team to develop the structure of structuralism?

Back 3

Introspection

Front 4

Define Functionalism

Back 4

A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.

Front 5

Who was William James and what was his relation to Mary Whiton Calkins?

Back 5

He was an outgoing psychology professor at Harvard University. He tutored Calkins alone because all the men dropped out of the course.

Front 6

What did Mary Whiton Calkins do?

Back 6

Through the tutoring of William James, she became the second woman to obtain a Ph.D. in psychology then went on to become the first woman president of the American Psychological Association (APA).

Front 7

Who was Margaret Floy Washburn?

Back 7

She became the first woman to obtain a Ph.D. in psychology and the second woman to be president of the American Psychological Association.

Front 8

Who is Sigmund Freud?

Back 8

The controversial ideas of this famed personality theorist and therapist have influenced humanity's self-understanding.

Front 9

What did John B. Watson do?

Back 9

Working with Rayner, Watson championed psychology as the science of behavior and demonstrated conditioned responses on a baby who became famous as "Little Albert."

Front 10

Define Behaviorism

Back 10

the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1), but not (2).

Front 11

Define humanistic psychology.

Back 11

Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth.

Front 12

Define cognitive neuroscience

Back 12

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language.)

Front 13

Who is B.F. Skinner?

Back 13

A leading behaviorist, Skinner rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior.

Front 14

Define Psychology

Back 14

The science of behavior and mental processes.

Front 15

What did Darwin do?

Back 15

Darwin argued that natural selection shapes behaviors as well as bodies.

Front 16

Define the nature-nurture issue

Back 16

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today's science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture.

Front 17

Define natural selection

Back 17

The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

Front 18

Define levels of analysis

Back 18

The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.

Front 19

Define the biopsychosocial approach

Back 19

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis.

Front 20

What does the neuroscience approach focus on?

Back 20

How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.

Front 21

What does the evolutionary approach focus on?

Back 21

How the natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes.

Front 22

What does the behavior genetics approach focus on?

Back 22

How much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences.

Front 23

What does the psychodynamic approach focus on?

Back 23

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.

Front 24

What does the behavioral approach focus on?

Back 24

How we learn observable responses.

Front 25

What does the cognitive approach focus on?

Back 25

How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information.

Front 26

What does the social-cultural approach focus on?

Back 26

How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.

Front 27

Define basic research

Back 27

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.

Front 28

Define applied research

Back 28

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.

Front 29

Define counseling psychology

Back 29

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.

Front 30

Define clinical psychology

Back 30

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.

Front 31

Define psychiatry

Back 31

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders ; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy.