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113 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Unified Land Operations
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seize, retain, or exploit the initiative to gain or maintain a position of relative advantage in sustained land operations through simultaneous offensive, defensive, and stability operations in order to prevent or deter conflict, prevail in war, and create the conditions for favorable conflict resolution.
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Define Unified Action
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synchronization, coordination, or integration of the activities of governmental and non-governmental entities with military operations to achieve unity of effort.
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What is the Army's primary mission?
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to organize, train, and equip forces to conduct prompt and sustained land combat operations and such other duties not otherwise assigned by law as may be prescribed by the President or Secretary of Defense.
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What are the Army's Core Competencies?
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Combined Arms Maneuver
Wide Area Security |
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Define Combined Arms Maneuver
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application of the elements of combat power in unified action to defeat enemy ground forces; to seize, occupy and defend land areas; and to achieve physical, temporal, and psychological advantages over the enemy to seize and exploit the initiative
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Define Wide Area Security
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application of combat power in unified action to protect populations, forces, infrastructures, and activities; to deny the enemy positions of advantage; and to consolidate gains in order to retain the initiative
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What do the Army's core competencies provide?
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The means for balancing the application of Army warfighting functions within the tactical actions and tasks inherent in offensive, defensive, and stability operations
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List three advantages that can be obtained with Combined Arms Maneuver?
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Physical
Temporal Psychological |
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What are the foundations of ULO?
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Mission Command
Army Core Competencies Initiative Decisive Action |
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What are the tenants of ULO?
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Flexibility
Integration Lethality Adaptability Depth Synchronization |
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Define the Operational Environment
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the composite of the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander
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Define Decisive Action
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Army forces conduct decisive and sustainable land operations through the simultaneous combination of offensive, defensive, and stability or DSCA operations appropriate to the mission and environment
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Define Operational Art
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Cognitive approach used by commanders and staffs - supported by their skill, knowledge, creativity, and judgment - to develop strategies, campaigns,and operations to organize and employ military forces by integrating ends, ways, and means
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How many principles of Joint Operations are there?
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12 - MOOSE MUSS PRL
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List the principles of Joint Operations
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12
Mass Offense Objective Security Economy of Force Maneuver Unity of Command Surprise Simplicity Perseverance Restraint Legitimacy |
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How many elements of Operational Art are there?
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10
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List the elements of Operational Art
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10
End State Conditions Center of Gravity Decisive Point Lines of Operation/Effort Operational Reach Basing Tempo Phasing/Transition Culmination Risk |
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What four things must the commander link?
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Ways, Means, Ends, Risks
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Define Operational Design
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conception and construction of the framework that underpins a campaign or major operation and its subsequent execution
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How many elements of Operational Design are there?
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13
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List the elements of Operational Design
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13
Termination Military End State Objective Effect Center of Gravity Decisive Point Lines of Operation/Effort Operational Reach Culmination Direct and Indirect Approach Anticipation Arranging Operations Force and Function |
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Define the Army Design Methodology
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applying critical and creative thinking to understand, visualize, and describe unfamiliar problems and approaches to solving them
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What are the four factors to consider when arranging forces?
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Simultaneity
Depth Timing Tempo |
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Define Center of Gravity
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Source of power that provides moral or physical strength, freedom of action, or will to act
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Define operational reach
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Distance and duration across which a joint force can successfully employ military capabilities
Endurance, momentum, protection |
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Define Decisive Point
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geographic place, specific key event, critical factor, or function that, when acted upon, allows a commander to gain a marked advantage over an adversary or contributes materially to achieving success
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Define Lines of Effort
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Links multiple tasks and missions to focus efforts towards establishing operational and strategic objectives
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Define Lines of Operation
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connects actions on nodes or decisive points related in time and space to objectives
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Define end-state conditions
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a set of required conditions that defines achievement of all military objectives
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Define Tactics
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employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other
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What are the three levels of war?
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Strategic
Operational Tactical |
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Define the science of tactics
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encompasses the understanding of those military aspects of tactics - capabilities, techniques, and procedures - that can be measured and codified
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Define the art of tactics
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consists of three interrelated aspects: the creative and flexible array of means to accomplish assigned missions, decision making under conditions of uncertainty when faced with a thinking and adaptive enemy, and understanding the effects of combat on Soldiers
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Define solving tactical problems
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success in tactical problem solving results from the aggressive, intelligent, and decisive use of combat power in an environment of uncertainty, disorder, violence, and danger
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Define a Hasty Operation
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Commander directs immediately available forces, using fragmentary orders, to perform activities with minimal preparation, trading planning and preparation time for speed of execution
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Define Deliberate Operation
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an operation in which the tactical situation allows the development and coordination of detailed plans, including multiple branches and sequels
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What are the common tactical concepts?
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Joint Interdependence
Areas of Joint Interdependence Principles of Joint Interdependence Basic Tactical Concepts Area of Operations Responsibilities of the Area of Operations |
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What are the basic tactical concepts?
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Area of Operations
Combined Arms Decisive Engagement Defeat in Detail Maneuver Flank Mutual Support Piecemeal Commitment Reconstitution Rules of Engagement |
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How many responsibilities within the boundaries of the Area of Operations?
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9
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What are the responsibilities within the boundaries of the Area of Operations?
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9
Terrain Management Information Collection Civil Affairs Operations Air and Ground Movement Control Clearance of Fires Security Personnel Recovery Environmental Considerations Minimum Essential Stability Tasks |
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How many primary echelons are there?
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9
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List the primary echelons from lowest to highest
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Fire Team
Crew Squad Section Platoon Companies, Batteries, Troops and Detachments Battalions and Squadrons Brigades, Regiments, and Groups Division |
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How many tactical enabling tasks are there?
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7
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List the tactical enabling tasks
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Reconnaissance
Security Operations Troop Movement Operations Relief in Place Passage of Lines Encirclement Operations Urban Operations |
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How many fundamentals of reconnaissance are there?
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7
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List the fundamentals of reconnaissance
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Ensure continuous recon
Do not keep recon assets in reserve Orient on the recon objective Report information rapidly and accurately Retain freedom of maneuver Gain and maintain enemy contact Develop the situation rapidly |
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How many forms of reconnaissance are there?
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5
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List the forms of reconnaissance
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Route Recon
Zone Recon Area Recon Recon in Force Special Recon |
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How many types of security operations are there?
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5
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List the types of security operations
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Screen
Guard Cover Area Local |
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What are the types of troop movement operations?
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Administrative Movement
Tactical Road March Approach Road March |
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What are the methods of troop movement operations?
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Mounted
Dismounted |
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What are the techniques of troop movement operations?
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Traveling
Traveling Overwatch Bounding Overwatch |
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Define relief in place
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all or part of a unit is replaced in the area of operations by the incoming unit
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What are the three types of relief in place?
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Staggered (tactically)
Sequential (L-R or R-L) Simultaneous (all at once) |
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Define passage of lines
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a force moves forward or rearward through another force's combat positions with the intent of moving into or out of contact with the enemy
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Define encirclement operations
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operations where one force loses its freedom of maneuver because an opposing force is able to isolate it
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What are the options for encircled units
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Continue to defend encircled
Conduct Breakout Exfiltrate towards other friendly forces Attack deeper into enemy territory |
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How many compressed tactical factors of urban operations are there?
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6
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List the compressed tactical factors of urban operations
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Time
Distances Density Combat Power Levels of War Decision Making |
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How many fundamentals of urban operations are there?
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11
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What are the two primary fundamentals of urban operations?
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Minimize collateral damage
Separate the noncombatants from the combatants |
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List the fundamentals of urban operations
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Minimize collateral damage
Separate the noncombatants from the combatants Perform inform and influence activities Maintain a close combat capability Avoid the attrition approach Control the essential Preserve critical infrastructure Transition control Create a collaborative information environment Understand how Soldiers and civilians react under the pressure of combat in an urban environment Restore essential services |
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Define Offense
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combat operations conducted to defeat and destroy enemy forces and seize terrain, resource and population centers. A commander may also conduct offensive actions to deprive the enemy of resources, seize decisive terrain, deceive or divert the enemy, develop intelligence, or hold an enemy in position.
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How many characteristics of offense are there?
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4
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List the characteristics of offense
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Audacity
Surprise Concentration Tempo |
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How many offensive tasks are there?
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4
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List the offensive tasks
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Exploitation
Pursuit Attack Movement to contact |
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How many offensive control measures are there?
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16
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List the offensive control measures
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Assault Position
Assault Time Attack by Fire Position Attack Position Limit of Advance Battle Handover Line Direction of Attack Final Coordination Line Line of Departure Objective Point of Departure Probable Line of Departure Rally Point Support by Fire Position Time of Attack |
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How many forms of maneuver are there?
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6
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List the forms of maneuver
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Envelopment
Frontal Attack Flank Attack Infiltration Penetration Turning Movement |
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How many offensive planning considerations are there?
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7
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List the offensive planning considerations
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METT-TC
Mission Command Movement and Maneuver Intelligence Fires Protection Sustainment |
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List the requirements to transition from offense to defense
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1-Offense has achieved complete victory and the end of hostilities reaches a culminating point
2-Commander receives a change in mission from a higher commander 3-Interrelationship of the other instruments of national power, such as a political decision 4-Balance of strength shifts from the attacking force to its opponent 5-Offensive actions lose momentum 6-Logistics begin losing the ability to sustain the offense 7-Soldiers become physically exhausted, casualties and equipment losses mount, and repairs and replacements do not keep pace with losses |
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Define Defense
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defense is less decisive than offense- defense alone cannot achieve a decision
defense is the stronger element- Aggressively seek ways to maneuver to place the enemy at a disadvantage defense is not passive- defending force uses available time to prepare defenses |
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How many purposes of defense are there?
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5
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List the purposes of defense
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1-Create conditions for a counteroffensive that allows Army forces to regain the initiative
2-Retain decisive terrain or deny a vital area to the enemy 3-Attrit or fix the enemy as a prelude to offense 4-In response to a surprise action by the enemy 5-Increase the enemy's vulnerability by forcing the enemy to concentrate forces |
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How many characteristics of defense are there?
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7
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List the characteristics of defense
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Disruption
Flexibility Maneuver Mass and Concentration Operations in Depth Preparation Security |
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How many purposes of defensive tasks are there?
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4
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List the purposes of defensive tasks
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-Defeat Enemy Attack
-Gain Time -Economize Forces -Develop Conditions Favorable for Offensive or Stability Tasks |
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How many defensive tasks are there?
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3
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List the defensive tasks
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Area Defense
Mobile Defense Retrograde |
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How many types of retrograde are there?
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3
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List the types of retrograde
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Delay
Withdrawal Retirement |
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How many forms of defense are there?
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3
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List the forms of defense
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Defense of a Linear Obstacle
Perimeter Defense Reverse Slope Defense |
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How many defensive control measures are there?
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6
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List the primary defensive control measures
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Battle Positions
Direct Fire Control Measures Fire Support Coordination Measures Disengagement Line Forward Edge of the Battle Area (FEBA) Main Battle Area |
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How many types of battle positions are there?
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5
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List the types of battle positions
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Primary Position
Alternate Position Supplementary Position Subsequent Position Strong Point |
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What are three of the direct fire control measures used in the defense?
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Engagement Areas
Target Reference Points Trigger Lines |
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How many defensive planning considerations are there?
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6
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List the defensive planning considerations
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Mission Command
Fires Intelligence Movement and Maneuver Protection Sustainment |
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When does the defending force transition to offense?
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When the enemy reaches a culmination point
When the enemy requires an operational pause |
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How many methods are there to transition to offense from defense?
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Two
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List the methods to transition from defense to offense
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1-Commit unengaged forces
2-Utilize current defenders |
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What are the two types of defense?
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Hasty
Deliberate |
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Define stability
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overarching term encompassing various military missions conducted outside of the United States in coordination with other instruments of national power to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment, provide essential government services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief
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How many principles of stability are there?
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4
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List the stability principles
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Conflict Transformation
Unity of Effort/Purpose Legitimacy and Host Nation Ownership Building Partner Capacity |
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How does national strategy relate to stability operations?
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The body of security strategy that shapes the conduct of operations characterized by stability tasks includes the National Security Strategy, the National Defense Strategy, and the National Military Strategy
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How many stability phases are there?
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3
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List the stability phases
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Initial Response
Transformation Sustainability |
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How many broad conditions are used to describe the desired end state of a successful stability operation?
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5
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List the broad conditions are used to describe the desired end state of a successful stability operation?
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1-A Safe and Secure Environment
2-Established Rule of Law 3-Social Well-being 4-Stable Governance 5-A Sustainable Economy |
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How many stability tasks are there?
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5
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List the stability tasks
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1-Establish Civil Security
2-Establish Civil Control 3-Restore Essential Services 4-Support to Governance 5-Support to Economic and Infrastructure Development |
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Using the operational approach to stability planning, how many planning factors are there?
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4
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List the planning factors using the operational approach to stability planning
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1-Stability and Defeat Mechanisms
2-End-State Conditions 3-Lines of Effort 4-Decisive Points |
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What are the stability mechanisms of stability planning?
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Compel
Control Influence Support |
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What are the defeat mechanisms of stability planning?
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Destroy
Dislocate Disintegrate Isolate |
