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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
aldosterone produced in
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zona glomerulosa
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cortisol produced in
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zona fasiculata
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androgens produced in
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zona reticularis
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epi and NE produced in
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adrenal medulla
NE also in post-ganglionic sympathetic nerves |
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androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone
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important adrenal androgens
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catecholamine biosynthesis in medulla
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tyrosine --> DOPA --> dopamine --> NE --> epi
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catecholamine breakdown
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deamination by MAO
3-0-methylation by COMT |
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catecholamine urine metabolites
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VMA and MOPEG
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most NE in blood is from
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sympathetic nerves and brain
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cardiocirc fight-or-flight response
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increased CO, pulse rate, and BP
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resp. fight-or-flight response
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brief period of apnea followed by increased minute volume of respiration
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muscle fight or flight response
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splanchnic vascular constriction and dilation of skeletal muscle vessels anticipates striated muscle work
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CNS arousal in fight or flight
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results in alertness, quickened responsiveness, and decreased perception of fatigue
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metabolism during fight or flight
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hepatic glycogenolysis, its attendant hyperglycemia and mobilization from the fat depots of a large supply of FFAs provide readily available energy
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coagulability of blood in fight or flight
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increases to deal with possible hemorrhage
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epi greater than or equal to NE in affinity of
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alpha 1 and 2 receptors
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CO, anxiety/fear, hyperglycemia, and visceral smooth muscle tone
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all increased with epi
peripheral resistance is decreased with epi |
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epi >>>>> NE
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Beta-2 receptors
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pheochromocytomas
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benign tumors arising from adrenal medulla
symptoms similar to excess epi/NE |
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diagnosis of pheo
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VMA and metanephrine in urine
plasma free catecholamines |
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RLS in all steriod hormone synthesis
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side-chain cleavage of cholesterol to yield 5-pregnenolone
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hallmark of adrenal corticosteroids
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C11-OH group
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transcortin
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major glucocorticoid binding protein
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adrenal steroid release
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greatest between 8 am and noon
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adrenal steroids metabolized in
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liver and kidney
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required for mineralocorticoid and potent glucocorticoid activity
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C21-OH
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sex steroids
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no C20 and C21
oxygen functional group at C17 |
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21-hydroxylase def
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increased androgen symptoms
increased cortisol and aldosterone deficient symptoms |
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11-hydroxylase def
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increased androgen symptoms
cortisol def symptoms increased mineralocorticoid symptoms buildup of 11-deoxycorticosterone |
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ACTH effects
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increased motivation, attention span, and delayed extinction of avoidance behaviors
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Addison's disease
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primary hypofunction of adrenals
most commonly autoimmune |
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cortisol and glucocorticoids have no effect on this stage of inflammation
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histamine-mediated effects
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cushing's syndrome
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cortisol excess
exogenous excess or pit. or ectopic tumor making ACTH |
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primary regulation of medulla and cortex
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medulla- neural
cortex- hormonal |
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high life stress, negative attitude, poor psychosocial support
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incidence of cancer, asthma, allergies, and common-stress related disorders all increased
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