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304 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sparse growth of turf due to seedling damping off caused by Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Fusarium spp., and/or Helminthosporium spp. |
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Fairy ring brown field mushrooms, Agaricus cupreobrunneus, fruiting in two circles in a field. |
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Anthracnose damage to bentgrass and annual bluegrass. |
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Stripe smut-infected bermudagrass plants. |
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algae in thin turf |
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algae growth in turf |
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algae growth in turf |
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algae growth in turf |
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Roots damaged by ectoparasitic nematodes (left) and healthy roots (right). |
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Roots damaged by endoparasitic nematodes (right) and healthy roots (left). |
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Yellow patch of seashore paspalum caused by spiral nematodes. |
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Wilting, declining bermudagrass lawn damaged by sting nematode. |
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Weeds proliferate in a nematode-damaged athletic field. |
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Nematode-damaged St. Augustine lawn declining in patches. |
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Female root knot nematode next to the root gall from which it was removed. |
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Creeping bentgrass — Agrostis stolonifera |
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collar of creeping bentgrass — Agrostis stolonifera |
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structure of creeping bentgrass — Agrostis stolonifera |
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divided collar of creeping bentgrass — Agrostis stolonifera
indistinct, usually slanted with unequal sides |
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divided collar of creeping bentgrass — Agrostis stolonifera
indistinct, usually slanted with unequal sides |
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sharp-pointed leaf tip of creeping bentgrass — Agrostis stolonifera |
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leaf tip of creeping bentgrass — Agrostis stolonifera
flat, distinctly ridged upper surface, slightly creased on lower surface, surfaces and edges rough. 0.08 - 0.2 inches (2 - 5 mm) wide. |
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membranous ligule of creeping bentgrass — Agrostis stolonifera
rounded or blunt, finely irregular-toothed or entire, minutely hairy on back, 0.04 - 0.08 inches (1 - 2 mm) long |
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membranous ligule of creeping bentgrass — Agrostis stolonifera
rounded or blunt, finely irregular-toothed or entire, minutely hairy on back, 0.04 - 0.08 inches (1 - 2 mm) long |
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open sheath margin, round sheath and rolled vernation of creeping bentgrass — Agrostis stolonifera
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Normally, creeping bentgrass has a long ligule that is feathered at the tip, but at times have surprisingly small small ligules. In that case, look at other qualities such as stolon development. Colonial bentgrass, Agrostis capillaris, has a pretty constant small truncate ligule. |
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colonial bentgrass—Agrostis capillaris
very fine-bladed, light-green grass. soft turf with upright leaves and a dense growth. spreads by short rhizomes that may give rise to short stolons. |
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leaf tip of colonial bentgrass—Agrostis capillaris |
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colonial bentgrass—Agrostis capillaris |
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Collar of colonial bentgrass—Agrostis capillaris
leaves are rolled in the bud, there are no auricles, and there is a short membranous ligule
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Tall Fescue * Rolled vernation |
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Creeping Bentgrass — Agrostis stolonifera * Rolled vernation |
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Tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum/Festuca arundinacea, inflorescence. |
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Tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum/Festuca arundinacea, collar and sheath. |
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Tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum/Festuca arundinacea
Cool season (C-3 metabolism) perennial grass adapted to a wide range of climate areas. While technically rhizomatous, tall fescue looks and grows more like a bunch grass and has limited ability to spread. |
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Tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum/Festuca arundinacea |
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Tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum/Festuca arundinacea |
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Tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum/Festuca arundinacea |
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Tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum/Festuca arundinacea |
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Tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum/Festuca arundinacea |
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Tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum/Festuca arundinacea |
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Tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum/Festuca arundinacea |
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Tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum/Festuca arundinacea |
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broad, continuous collar of Tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum/Festuca arundinacea |
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Tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum/Festuca arundinacea, seedhead |
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Tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum/Festuca arundinacea, leaf tip
Leaf tips are pointed. Additionally, there is often a constriction in the leaf that occurs approximately 0.5” below the tip of the leaf. edges of the leaves are normally rough due to barb-like projections |
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Tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum/Festuca arundinacea, rolled vernation |
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Tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum/Festuca arundinacea, seedhead |
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Tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum/Festuca arundinacea, seedhead |
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Tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum/Festuca arundinacea, sheath margin |
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Tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum/Festuca arundinacea, sheath |
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Tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum/Festuca arundinacea, upper surface (adaxial) is distinctly ridged, with many equal-sized veins (no dominant mid vein)
underside (abaxial) is smooth and dull, with a distinct keel near the base of the blade that often disappears as it approaches the leaf tip |
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Creeping red fescue, Festuca spp., is the only fine fescue that can produce rhizomes
fine fescue has fine-textured, dense, medium to dark-green turf |
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Creeping red fescue, Festuca spp., ligule: short, truncate, membranous |
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Creeping red fescue, Festuca spp., collar: narrow, continuous
No auricles. |
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Creeping red fescue, Festuca spp., vernation: folded |
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Creeping red fescue, Festuca spp., leaf tip: pointed, fine-textured
leaves can be folded or flat, depending on moisture conditions |
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Creeping red fescue, Festuca spp., ligule: short, truncate, membranous |
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Overall plant structure of creeping red fescue, Festuca spp., the only fine fescue that can produce rhizomes. |
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Creeping red fescue, Festuca spp.
Dark green, very slender and bristle-like leaves; old, dead basal leaf sheaths are reddish brown |
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Creeping red fescue, Festuca spp., collar: narrow and continuous |
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Hard fescue — Festuca longifolia
very fine-bladed, grayish to dark-green grass. semi-erect growth habit and heavy roots |
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Hard fescue — Festuca longifolia, collar |
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Hard fescue — Festuca longifolia |
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vernation |
how the youngest grass leaves are arranged in the shoot; determine by rolling between fingers |
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ligule |
membranous or hairy tissues located at the junction of the leaf blade and leaf sheath. can be membranous, a fringe of hairs, or absent |
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auricle |
slender extensions of the collar at the junction of the leaf blade and leaf sheath. can be long and clasp around the stem or shoot, small/rudimentary, or absent |
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seed head |
useful in distinguishing among the cool-season turfgrass species |
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panicle-type seed head |
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spike-type seed head |
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receme-type seed head |
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Hard fescue — Festuca longifolia
collar: narrow, continuous |
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Hard fescue — Festuca longifolia
growth: bunch-type |
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Hard fescue — Festuca longifolia
leaf tip: pointed, fine-textured |
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Hard fescue — Festuca longifolia
leaf blade: adaxial (upper surface): ridged |
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adaxial
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on the upper surface; situated or directed toward an axis
ad: Latin, "toward" |
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abaxial
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on the lower surface; situated or directed away from an axis
ab: Latin, "away from" |
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Hard fescue — Festuca longifolia
ligule: short, truncate, membranous no auricles |
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Hard fescue — Festuca longifolia
vernation: folded |
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Hard fescue — Festuca longifolia
very fine-bladed, grayish to dark-green grass. semi-erect growth habit and heavy roots |
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Slender creeping red fescue |
(Festuca rubra subp. litoralis) produces rhizomes, but is not as vigorous a grower as (strong) creeping red fescue. tolerant of lower mowing heights; can be used in golf course fairways.
*good to excellent salinity tolerance; use where de-icing salts are aggressively used. fine texture & compatible color allow mixing w/alkaligrass (Puccinellia distans) for use on salty soils. |
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European Chafer (Rhizotrogus (Amphimallon) majalis) beetle
vs. June beetles: E.chafer is 13-14mm long, shorter than most June beetles, & wing covers have distinct longitudinal grooves (striatae). The most distinctive characteristic is the absence of a tooth on the tarsal claw of the middle leg; June beetles have a distinct tooth. |
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European Chafer (Rhizotrogus (Amphimallon) majalis) grub
Just under 1" long; raster has two distinct, nearly parallel rows of small spines that diverge outward at the tip of the abdomen, like a partly open zipper. The anal slit is Y-shaped |
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European Chafer (Rhizotrogus (Amphimallon) majalis) grub
Just under 1" long; raster has two distinct, nearly parallel rows of small spines that diverge outward at the tip of the abdomen, like a partly open zipper. The anal slit is Y-shaped |
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European Chafer (Rhizotrogus (Amphimallon) majalis) grub
Just under 1" long; raster has two distinct, nearly parallel rows of small spines that diverge outward at the tip of the abdomen, like a partly open zipper. The anal slit is Y-shaped |
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European Chafer (Rhizotrogus (Amphimallon) majalis) raster
Two distinct, nearly parallel rows of small spines that diverge outward at the tip of the abdomen, like a partly open zipper. The anal slit is Y-shaped |
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European Chafer (Rhizotrogus (Amphimallon) majalis) beetle
Light reddish-brown (9/16" long), with a slightly darker head and pronotum |
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European Chafer (Rhizotrogus (Amphimallon) majalis) damage |
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principle distinctive characteristic that differentiates the European Chafer from the May/June Beetle |
E.Chafer lacks a tooth on the tarsal claw of the middle leg; June beetles have a distinct tooth |
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secondary distinguishing characteristics of European Chafers from May/June Beetles |
E.chafer is 13-14mm long, shorter than most June beetles, & wing covers have more distinct longitudinal grooves (striatae). |
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Life cycle of European Chafers (Rhizotrogus (Amphimallon) majalis) |
Adults emerge early June to mid-July (peak in mid-June to early July. Nocturnal, and active above 66°F. They stop feeding later in fall and resume feeding earlier in spring than other white grub species |
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Northern Masked Chafer, Cyclocephala borealis Arrow
NMC beetles are dull yellow-brown, 7/16-1/2" long, with a band of darker color across the head and eyes. dense hair on the underside of the thorax; males have scattered, erect hairs on the wing covers |
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Northern/Southern Masked Chafer grub
Mature third instar grubs are 7/8" - 1" long. Grubs of NMC and SMC are virtually indistinguishable. |
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Northern/Southern Masked Chafer raster
raster bears 25-30 stout, evenly spaced bristles in no distinct pattern. grubs of NMC and SMC are virtually indistinguishable. |
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Northern Masked Chafer, Cyclocephala borealis Arrow
NMC beetles are dull yellow-brown, 1/2" long, with a band of darker color across the head and eyes. dense hair on the underside of the thorax; males have scattered, erect hairs on the wing covers |
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Northern Masked Chafer, Cyclocephala borealis Arrow
NMC beetles are dull yellow-brown, 1/2" long, with a band of darker color across the head and eyes. dense hair on the underside of the thorax; males have scattered, erect hairs on the wing covers |
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Northern Masked Chafer, Cyclocephala borealis Arrow
NMC beetles are dull yellow-brown, 1/2" long, with a band of darker color across the head and eyes. dense hair on the underside of the thorax; males have scattered, erect hairs on the wing covers |
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Northern Masked Chafer, Cyclocephala borealis Arrow
NMC beetles are dull yellow-brown, 1/2" long, with a band of darker color across the head and eyes. dense hair on the underside of the thorax; males have scattered, erect hairs on the wing covers |
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Southern Masked Chafer, Cyclocephala lurida Bland
shiny, reddish brown beetles 1/2" long, with a band of darker color across the head and eyes; sparse hair |
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Southern Masked Chafer, Cyclocephala lurida Bland
shiny, reddish brown beetles 1/2" long, with a band of darker color across the head and eyes; sparse hair |
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Southern Masked Chafer, Cyclocephala lurida Bland
shiny, reddish brown beetles 1/2" long, with a band of darker color across the head and eyes; sparse hair |
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Frit fly, Oscinella frit (Linnaeus) larva (maggot) burrowing down a grass stem.
maggot-like larvae have no legs and no head capsule. However, the anterior end is pointed and has a pair of tiny black hooks used for rasping food. |
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Frit fly, Oscinella frit (Linnaeus) adult resting on tip of grass blade.
adult flies are rather undistinguished black flies with yellowish or white markings. They are about the size of the small flies which gather around decaying fruit, approximately 3/32 inch |
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Typical frit fly, Oscinella frit (Linnaeus) damage to center leaf blade of a stem.
Turfgrass has a general yellow (chlorotic) appearance at first. Close examination reveals the central leaf of one or more shoots from the crown is affected, while surrounding shoots and leaves may be green. As feeding progresses, the shoot dies. |
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frit fly damage |
known to cause damage to Kentucky bluegrass and bentgrass and occasionally ryegrasses
mainly a nuisance—adult fly is an annoyance to golfers on putting greens because they are attracted to white objects, including golf balls and golf carts |
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Greenbug aphids, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), lined up on a grass blade.
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Greenbug aphids, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), damage
Aphids suck plant juices, robbing the plant of nutrients & water. a toxic agent in its saliva causes the leaf tissue around the feeding site to turn yellow, then burnt orange. |
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Grasses susceptible to greenbug aphid, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) |
Prefers Kentucky bluegrass and seashore paspalum; will survive and reproduce on Chewings fescue and tall fescue when these have no endophytes |
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Winged adult greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) |
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Greenbug aphid, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) |
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immature greenbugs, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), on seashore paspalum. |
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Winged adult greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), on seashore paspalum. |
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Winged adult greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). |
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Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), damage symptoms on seashore paspalum turfgrass. Note small chlorotic spits surrounded by water soaked spots on both leaves. Reddish spots and necrotic tissue result after only four days of feeding. |
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Damage symptoms from greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), feeding on seashore paspalum turfgrass. Note yellow, red and dead leaf tips. Molted ‘skins' of aphids are visible as small white spots throughout this image. |
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Damage symptoms from greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), feeding on seashore paspalum turfgrass. |
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Prolonged greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), feeding damage to seashore paspalum turfgrass (left tray). |
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Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), aphid ‘mummy' (parasitized aphid) on seashore paspalum turfgrass. |
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Mature bermudagrass scale, Odonaspis ruthae Kotinsky, on stolon. |
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Bermudagrass scale, Odonaspis ruthae Kotinsky, damage.
can look like drought, disease or other maladies |
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Infestation of adult bermudagrass scale. |
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The bermudagrass scale, Odonaspis ruthae Kotinski, is found wherever bermudagrass is grown. It is an armored scale that causes a general yellowing and thinning of the turf. |
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Leafhopper: Draeculacephala minerva, Deltacephalus sonorus, and others
Adults: 0.12 to 0.25 inch long, wedge-shaped, active insects. Jump and fly short distances when disturbed. Colors vary by species—often mottled or speckled with whitish green, yellow, and brownish gray. Adults insert eggs into turfgrass leaves. Nymphs lack wings; their color varies with species.
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Leafhopper nymph |
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leafhopper on bluegrass
severe injury usually occurs only with large leafhopper populations |
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Sharpshooter leafhopper. |
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Red imported fire ant, S. invicta Buren, mound in red Georgia clay-soil. |
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Red imported fire ant, S. invicta Buren, workers. |
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Mound of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, in St. Augustinegrass. |
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Fire ant mound |
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Side view of crane fly larvae showing diagnostic caudal (tail) lobes. Damage: Bare areas, sparse growth, lodging of seed stalks and tall grasses. Depending on location, damage can occur in November and December from new generation larvae, or the following May when overwintered larvae are rapidly developing and devouring plant foliage. |
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Typical crane fly, Tipula spp., adult resting on the siding of a house. |
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Larva of the European crane fly, Tipula paludosa.
small, brown, wormlike larvae have very tough skin and are commonly referred to as "leatherjackets", which feed on the roots and crowns of clover and grass plants |
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Larva of the European crane fly, Tipula paludosa.
small, brown, wormlike larvae have very tough skin and are commonly referred to as "leatherjackets", which feed on the roots and crowns of clover and grass plants |
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European crane fly,Tipula paludosa, damage to a recreational lawn in Grand Rapids, Mich. |
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Damage to turfgrass by European crane flies, Tipula paludosa, and the animals that dig up the larvae, can be extreme. |
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European crane fly,Tipula paludosa, damage to a residential lawn |
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Crane fly hosts/environment |
Host: All cool-season turfgrasses Site: Craneflies prefer turf growing in moist soils with high organic matter |
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Two-lined spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta (Say), adult on St.Augustinegrass stem. |
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Two-lined spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta (Say), nymph pushed out of spittlemass.
Large numbers of spittlemasses are unsightly and cause concerns by messing shoes and bare feet. Nymphs cause patches of turf to turf yellow and the adults cause the leaves to turn brown and die. |
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cultural controls of Two-lined spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta (Say) |
•reduce irrigation (to reduce egg and nymph survival) •remove thatch (overwintering site) •avoid planting Japanese hollies; they are a favored host of spittlebugs •plant resistant cultivars |
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Two-lined spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta (Say), host |
Both cool and warm season grasses are affected; severe damage has been found on bermudagrass. |
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Two-lined spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta (Say), damage |
Adults inject a toxin that causes plants to become chlorotic. Affected areas coalesce and |
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Mosquito Spray on Turf |
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Herbicide tracking |
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Herbicide damage |
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Herbicide damage |
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injury to Kentucky bluegrass from an intentional double-treatment (4.0 oz per acre) with amicarbazone |
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centipede turf suffering from blue green algae, “black scum”. It is usually found in wet lawns and lawns with a perched water tables. |
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roots growing in the soil of this centipede has ring nematodes. |
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yard analyzed with sting and ring nematodes. infested area is progressing into the back yard. |
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Herbicide damage on Bermudagrass. |
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Shade Issues * sparse turf* grass blades thinner and paler than sunny areas * Powdery mildew * worse near trunk of tree, north wall, or other heavily shaded areas |
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issues with bermudagrass tee in shaded conditions. large green patches are seashore paspalum encroaching into the tee |
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Shade Issues • Lower tolerance to heat, cold, disease, drought and wear stress |
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Turf management for mowing height in shady areas |
Use the highest recommended mowing height. This increases the leaf area and helps the plant capture more sunlight, thus manufacture more "plant food".
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Turf management for nitrogen in shady areas |
Nitrogen needs for turfgrasses are generally 50% lower in shaded environments than recommended for full sun. This generally means no more than one to two pounds of nitrogen per 1000 sq. ft. per year.
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Turf management for lime & fertilizer in shady areas |
Test soil to determine lime and fertilizer needs. Surface applications of fertilizer are generally preferred for trees and turfgrasses.
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Turf management for irrigation in shady areas |
Irrigate deeply and infrequently to encourage deeper rooting and to reduce the humidity and time the grass leaves are moist. Since moist conditions encourage disease, irrigate in early morning and follow the State’s outdoor watering guidelines. |
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Turf management for clippings & leaves in shady areas |
Remove tree leaves, grass clippings, and any other debris that might prevent light penetration or encourage disease.
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Turf management for traffic in shady areas |
Control traffic to reduce wear injury. The added stress of traffic can easily cause the loss of grass in shaded areas. |
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poa annua infected with anthracnose |
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anthracnose • irregular distribution across turf stand or patches (4 to 12 inches) • dieback from leaf tip, blighting of entire leaves • foliage turns yellow, orange, tan, red • (none or) roots, stolons, rhizomes, and/or crowns dark brown or black |
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slime mold |
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slime mold pustules |
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Damping off, Pythium & Rhizoctonia spp.
seedling disease; symptoms include sparse emergence of seedlings and slow establishment. develops in localized spots; often spreads rapidly to injure large areas. |
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Damping off, Pythium & Rhizoctonia spp., mycelium
In severe cases, tufts of mycelium may be observed in affected areas when the leaves are wet |
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Fairy Ring, Basidiomycetes
Type III fairy ring produces mushrooms or puffballs in a ring or arc.
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Fairy Ring, Basidiomycetes
Type I fairy ring causes the soil and thatch to become hydrophobic, killing the turf in patches, rings, or arcs |
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Fairy Ring, Basidiomycetes
Type II fairy rings appear as rings or arcs of turf that are dark green and growing more quickly than the surrounding turf. |
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Fairy Ring, Basidiomycetes
Type III fairy ring, with mushrooms or puffballs produced in a ring or arc. |
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grasses most susceptible to anthracnose |
creeping bentgrass and annual bluegrass |
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anthracnose: foliar blight |
form of anthracnose where turfgrass leaves are infected. symptoms first appear on the oldest leaves, which die back from the tip, and gradually progress to the younger leaves. Symptoms will initially be limited to the leaves, with the crowns, leaf sheaths and stolons healthy |
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anthracnose: basal rot |
basal rot attacks the leaf sheaths, crowns, and stolons of the plant, which will be dark and rotten |
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acervuli |
spores the anthracnose pathogen produces inside of structures; they are black, saucer-shaped pads with black spines (setae) protruding from them, which can be seen on the infected leaves (foliar blight) or basal tissues (basal rot) with a magnifying glass or small microscope. |
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anthracnose months with symptoms |
May to September |
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Anthracnose acervuli (fruiting/spore-producing structure). |
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Anthracnose symptoms on poa. |
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Anthracnose basal rot |
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Close-up of turf anthracnose symptoms |
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Thinning yellow patches affected by turf anthracnose |
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Fruiting structures of the anthracnose fungus (setae of the acervuli), which are visible with a 10X hand lens. |
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Stripe smut host(s) |
• Kentucky Bluegrass • Colonial Bentgrass |
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Stripe Smut Stand Symptoms: clumps and tufts of upright growth, yellowing and stunting Plant Symptoms: leaves yellowed , shriveled, and shredded, reduced tillering Fungal Signs: black sooty spore masses between the veins |
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Stripe Smut Stand Symptoms: clumps and tufts of upright growth, yellowing and stunting Plant Symptoms: leaves yellowed , shriveled, and shredded, reduced tillering Fungal Signs: black sooty spore masses between the veins |
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A take-all patch, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. avenae, surrounded by healthy turf.
Appears as circular or ring-shaped dead areas on bentgrass that range from a few inches up to 3 feet or more in diameter. |
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Stripe Smut Stand Symptoms: clumps and tufts of upright growth, yellowing and stunting Plant Symptoms: leaves yellowed , shriveled, and shredded, reduced tillering Fungal Signs: black sooty spore masses between the veins |
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Symptom of take-all patch, Gaeumannomyces graminis, on creeping bentgrass fairway.
Only bentgrasses are susceptible. |
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Take-All Root Rot (bermudagrass decline)
Characteristic lobed hyphopodia of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis. |
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Irregular declining areas of take-all root rot (bermudagrass decline) |
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Ectotrophic runner hyphae of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis on a zoysiagrass root |
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Take-All Root Rot of St. Augustine. Affects all warm-season turfgrasses. |
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St. Augustinegrass roots rotted due to take-all root rot. Roots are initially thin and off-white in color with isolated black lesions. Eventually, roots become very short, black, and rotted. |
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Early aboveground symptoms of take-all root rot. Initial symptoms aboveground are irregular, yellow (chlorotic) or light green patches ranging in diameter from a few inches to a few feet. |
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Turfgrass death caused by take-all root rot. Stolons and rhizomes may have black lesions and, under severe disease conditions, begin to rot. Entire plants may die, resulting in irregular patches of thinning grass, and if the rot is not controlled, bare patches may develop |
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Dead areas indicate where mower tires repeatedly drove over the lawn, compacting the soil. The path between the tires is robust. |
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soil compaction |
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soil compaction |
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soil compaction |
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Annual sedge, Cyperus compressus L.
tends to have a more "clumpy" appearance than other sedges, particularly when it occurs in low densities. This sedge also tends to emerge later in the spring/summer than most other sedge species |
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annual sedge, Cyperus compressus L., stem cross section |
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annual sedge, Cyperus compressus L., seedhead
characteristic seedhead tends to be relatively large compared to other sedges, and the seedhead is flattened with a toothed outline |
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Yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L.
one of the more cold-tolerant sedge species; rapidly spreading perennial that forms brown- to tan-colored tubers at the tips of rhizomes. |
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Yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L.
It gets its name from the yellowish-brown or straw-colored seedhead. |
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Yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. |
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Yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus, seeds. |
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Yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus, tubers. |
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Yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus |
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Yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus |
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Smooth crabgrass, Digitaria ischaemum. |
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The flower head of large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis. |
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Seedling of smooth crabgrass, Digitaria ischaemum. |
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Smooth crabgrass collar region and sheath. The ligule at the base of the leaf blade is a short projection, and there are no auricles. |
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Crabgrasses are summer annual grasses that generally grow in patches. |
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Crabgrasses are summer annual grasses that generally grow in patches. |
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Crabgrass germinates in the spring, quickly filling in bare spots. |
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Crabgrass germinates in the spring, quickly filling in bare spots. |
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Crabgrass (Digitaria spp.) |
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Collar region of large (hairy) crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis. |
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Mature dallisgrass invading turf. |
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Mature dallisgrass plant. |
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Dallisgrass rhizomes. |
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Mature plant of dallisgrass, Paspalum dilatatum. |
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Collar region of dalligrass. |
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Inflorescence of dallisgrass,Paspalum dilatatum. |
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Inflorescence of dallisgrass,Paspalum dilatatum. |
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Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum) leaf sheath of the seedling. |
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Dallisgrass Paspalum dilatatum florets and spikelets. |
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Little/common mallow, Malva parviflora, seedling. |
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Stem, flowers, and fruit of little/common mallow (cheeseweed), Malva parviflora. |
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Mature plant of little/common mallow (cheeseweed), Malva parviflora. |
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Fruit of little mallow (cheeseweed), Malva parviflora. |
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geranium |
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geranium |
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geranium |
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geranium |
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geranium |
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geranium |
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Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) |
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Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) |
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Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) |
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Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) |
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Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) |
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Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) |
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Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) |
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Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) |
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Pennywort (Hydrocotyle sp. )
perennial weed commonly found in very wet areas. can float in water. |
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Pennywort (Hydrocotyle sp. )
perennial weed commonly found in very wet areas. can float in water. |
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Pennywort (Hydrocotyle sp. )
perennial weed commonly found in very wet areas. can float in water. |
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Pennywort (Hydrocotyle sp. )
perennial weed commonly found in very wet areas. can float in water. |
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Pennywort (Hydrocotyle sp. )
perennial weed commonly found in very wet areas. can float in water. |
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Pennywort (Hydrocotyle sp. )
perennial weed commonly found in very wet areas. can float in water. |
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Venice Mallow: Hibiscus trionum |
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Venice Mallow: Hibiscus trionum |
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Venice Mallow: Hibiscus trionum |
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Venice Mallow: Hibiscus trionum |
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Venice Mallow: Hibiscus trionum |
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Venice Mallow: Hibiscus trionum |
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Leaves of thymeleaf speedwell, Veronica serpyllifolia. |
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Flower of thymeleaf speedwell, Veronica serpyllifolia. |
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Flowering stems of thymeleaf speedwell, Veronica serpyllifolia. |
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Persian speedwell (byzantine speedwell, birdseye speedwell), Veronica persica. |
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Persian speedwell, Veronica persica, flowering stems. |
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Persian (birdseye) speedwell, Veronica persica.
primarily a winter annual; can be a summer annual in cooler locations. grows throughout California, except deserts and the Great Basin, to about 3600 feet (1100 m) and is common on agricultural land and in other disturbed locations. |
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Ground Ivy, Glechoma hederaceae
Synonyms: Creeping Charlie, cats-foot, field balm
mint family |
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Ground Ivy, Glechoma hederaceae
Synonyms: Creeping Charlie, cats-foot, field balm
mint family |
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Ground Ivy, Glechoma hederaceae
Ground ivy seedling with creeping stems
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Ground Ivy, Glechoma hederaceae
Synonyms: Creeping Charlie, cats-foot, field balm
mint family |
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Ground Ivy, Glechoma hederaceae
Synonyms: Creeping Charlie, cats-foot, field balm |
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Ground Ivy, Glechoma hederaceae
Synonyms: Creeping Charlie, cats-foot, field balm |
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Ground Ivy, Glechoma hederaceae
Synonyms: Creeping Charlie, cats-foot, field balm |
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Ground Ivy, Glechoma hederaceae
ground ivy flower is a typical two-lipped mint flower; note square reddish stem |
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Wild Carrot, Daucus carota
Synonyms: Queen Anne’s Lace |
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Wild Carrot, Daucus carota
Synonyms: Queen Anne’s Lace |
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Wild Carrot, Daucus carota
Synonyms: Queen Anne’s Lace |
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Wild Carrot, Daucus carota
Synonyms: Queen Anne’s Lace |
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Seedling of wild carrot, Daucus carota, at the four-leaf stage |
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Common yarrow (Achillea millefolium) |
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Common yarrow (Achillea millefolium) |
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Common yarrow (Achillea millefolium) |
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Seedling of common yarrow, Achillea millefolium, at the four-leaf stage. |
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Common yarrow, Achillea millefolium, foliage in turf. |
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Common yarrow, Achillea millefolium, plant. |
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Common yarrow, Achillea millefolium, flower heads. |
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Kochia, Kochia scoparia, flowering stem.
Leaves on older plants are alternate, linear shaped and 0.5 to 2 in. long and often hairy. The stems are highly branched and green or red tinged. |
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Kochia, Kochia scoparia.
summer annual plant, with many branches forming pyramidal or conical shaped bushes 6 ft. tall or greater. |
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Kochia, Kochia scoparia, foliage.
When the seedlings germinate in the spring, infestations appear to be a graygreen mat. |
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Seedling of kochia.
Leaves are small, fuzzy and gray-green in color |
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Mature pineappleweed, Chamomilla suaveolens. |
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Pineappleweed, Chamomilla suaveolens, flower heads. |
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Seedling of pineappleweed, Chamomilla suaveolens. |
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Pineappleweed, Chamomilla suaveolens, seedling. |
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Mature pineappleweed, Chamomilla suaveolens. |
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Mature pineappleweed, Chamomilla suaveolens. |
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Mature pineappleweed, Chamomilla suaveolens. |
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Mature pineappleweed, Chamomilla suaveolens. |
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Star-of-Bethlehem |
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Star-of-Bethlehem |
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Star-of-Bethlehem |
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Star-of-Bethlehem |
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Wild garlic, Allium vineale, plant with bulb. |
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Wild garlic, Allium vineale, infestation in a wheat field. |
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Wild garlic, Allium vineale, flower buds surrounded by involucre. |
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Wild garlic, Allium vineale, flower head with adventitious plants. |
