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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are 4 contraindications to live vaccines?
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1. pregnancy
2. allergies 3. immunosupression 4. HIV |
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What are 6 routine vaccinations for travel?
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1. update poli, tetanus, diphtheria (if 10 years + since previous
2. influenza (elderly, at risk) 3. pneumococcal 4. meningococcal 5. MMR 6. BCG |
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Where have there been recent polio outbreaks?
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Africa,Indonesia
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What vaccines are needed for travel outside of N. Western Europe, N. America, Japan, Australia, New Zealand?
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1. typhoid and Hep A
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What are the 2 types of typhoid vaccine?
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1. polysaccharide Vi (inactivated vagella), lasts 3 years
2. Oral typhoid vaccine (LIVE), lasts 1 year *both have about 80% efficacy |
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What is the vaccine type for Cholera and the dose scedule?
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killed (give 2 doses 1 week apart) and live attenuated oral vaccine (1 dose)
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What is the Hepatitis A Vaccine?
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inactivated vaccine (two doses, 6-12 months apart, covers 10 years)
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What are 4 compulsory vaccinations for endemic area travel?
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1. yellow fever (S. America, Africa)
2. meningococcal 3. cholera 4. smallpox |
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What is the yellow fever vaccine?
-contraindications: |
live attenuated viral vaccine (takes 10 days to be effective after dose)
-c/i: egg or gelatine allergy |
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What are side effects to yellow fever vaccine
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-s/e:
*1. headache, myalgia 2-5%, or *2. YEL-AND severe neurological effects (encephalitis, guillan barre, demyelination, 5% mortality rate) *3. YEL-AVD: like wild type yellow fever, 50% mortality |
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For travel to where is the meningococcal meningitis vaccine -required?
-recommended? |
-Haj, Saudi Arabia
-meningitis belt in africa |
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What are "special case" vaccines?
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1. Hep B
2. Rabies 3. Japanese B encephalitis 4. Tick borne encephalitis |
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Who is Hep B recommended for?
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1. all children, young adults and high risk behavior
2. long term travellers 3. occupation risk 4. frequent travellers |
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For where is Rabies vaccine recommended?
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-central and tropical s. america
-indian -far east *invariably fatal disease |
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For whom is Japanese B encephalitis recommended?
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-short term travellers to far east, India (rural disease)
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-What is the source of Japanese B encephalitis vaccine?
-Side effects |
-mouse brain
-anaphylaxis and encephalitis |
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-Where/when does ARBO dz, "Tick Borne Encephalitis" occur?
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-Central and Northern Europe,
-USSR -rural, forested area, from drinking goats milk -occurs in spring, early summer |
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Revise some facts on Malaria's (give numbers infected etc.) impact on health worldwide:
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1. 1.5-2.7 million killed/year, and 300-500 million new cases/year
2. 1/2 of world population is at risk 3. 10% of W. African children killed/year 4. occurs in 100 cases (with 125 million travels/year) |
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Where is malaria and resistant malaria most common:
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1. sub-saharan africa
2. pockets in se asia (highly drug resistant) 3. India (lots of vivax) 4. South America: amazon (highly drug resistant) |
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Who is most at risk for contracting malaria?
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1. tourists, VFR, ex-patriots
2. immigrants 3. airport 4. IVDU, transfusion 5. vertical transmission |
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What are Risk factors for malaria:
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1. age (young)
2. history of exposure (lost immunity, burkitt's lymphoma, funny blood) 3. pregnancy |
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What are generalized symptoms of Falciparum Malaria?
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1. fever/chills
2. dizzy 3. backache 4. myalgia |
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What are abdominal symptoms of Falciparum Malaria?
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1. anorexia, nausea, vomitting
2. abdominal pain 3. diarrhea |
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What are respiratory symptoms of Falciparum Malaria?
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1. dry cough
2. SOB |
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What are symptoms of Falciparum Malaria in children under 5?
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1. drowsy
2. "off" feed 3. thirst 4. vomiting, diarrhoea 5. cyanosis 6. convulsions |
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What are symptoms of Falciparum Malaria in PREGNANCY?
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1. relapses (due to immunosupression in pregnancy)
2. ARF 3. hypoglycaemia 4. cause of abortion, stillbirth and neonatal deaths |
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What are the risks of being bitten by a malaria carrying mosquito in:
West Africa East Africa India Thailand |
West Africa 1:1 day of travel
East Africa 1:10 days of travel India 1: Month of travel Thailand 1:10 months of travel |
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What drugs are for malaria prophylaxis?
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1. Chloroquine and proguanil (reduced efficacy in Africa, not for other areas, for india or ex-pats)
2. Mefloquine-Lariam (>90% effective) 3. Doxycycline (>90% effective in Africa and Asia, C/I in children and pregnancy) 4. Atovaquone/proguanil – Malarone (98% effective in Africa) |
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Give the S/E for:
1. Chloroquine and proguanil 2. Mefloquine - Lariam 3. Doxycycline 4. Atovaquone/proguanil – Malarone |
1. GIT, mouth ulcers, hair loss, itch
2. dizzy, nausea, vomiting, myalgia, athralgia, fatigue, psychoneurological 3. photosensitivity, superinfections, not for kids 4.GI, headache, cough |