Tree Identification

Front 1

Auxin

Back 1

Plant Hormone

Front 2

Chlorophyl

Back 2

green pigment

Front 3

Cuticle

Back 3

waxy coverings of a leaf

Front 4

Petiole

Back 4

"stalk" of a leaf

Front 5

Internode

Back 5

between the nodes of a twig

Front 6

Lenticel

Back 6

small openings in stems for gas exchange

Front 7

Ray

Back 7

Cells that cross the phloem and xylem for radial transport

Front 8

Absorbing Roots

Back 8

mostly located in the upper 12 inches of soil

Front 9

Source

Back 9

Mature, green leaves, sugar producer

Front 10

Sink

Back 10

Uses more energy than it produces

Front 11

When cutting through a tree you would pass through

Back 11

Bark
Phloem
Cambium
Xylem

Front 12

If the thermal bud is removed during pruning

Back 12

growth may be stimulated in lateral buds

Front 13

The growth rings of a tree

Back 13

are visible because of rapid growth of earlywood relative to latewood, can be counted to find a tree's age, can give information to growing conditions

Front 14

Which layer of cells is responsible for outward growth and increased girth of a tree

Back 14

Cambium

Front 15

Mycorrihizae are

Back 15

a symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots

Front 16

Abscission Zon

Back 16

area at the base of the petiole where cellular breakdown leads to leaf drop

Front 17

absorbing roots

Back 17

fine, fiborous roots that take up water and minerals, most of them are located within the top12 inches of soil

Front 18

adventitios buds

Back 18

bud that arises from a place other than a leaf axel

Front 19

anthocyanins

Back 19

red, purple or blue pigments responsible for thos colors in some parts of trees and other plants

Front 20

antitranspirant

Back 20

substance sprayed on plants to reduce water loss thru the foilage

Front 21

apical bud

Back 21

terminal bud on a stem

Front 22

apical dominance

Back 22

condition in which the terminal bud stops the growth of a lateral bud on the same stem

Front 23

apical meristem

Back 23

the growing points at the tips of the shoots

Front 24

auxin

Back 24

plant hormone or substance that promotes the growth and development of plants it is produced primarily at the root tips

Front 25

axial transport

Back 25

movement of water, minerals or photosynthate longitudinally in a tree

Front 26

axillary bud

Back 26

bud in the axil of a leaf; lateral bud

Front 27

branch bark ridge

Back 27

top area of a tree's crotch where the growth and development of the two adjoining limbs push bark into a ridge

Front 28

branch collar

Back 28

area where a branch joins another branch or trunk created by the overlapping xylem tissues

Front 29

buds

Back 29

small lateral or terminal protuberance on the stem that may develop into a flower or shoot; undeveloped flower/shoot

Front 30

cambium

Back 30

layers of meristemic cells that give rise to the phloem and xylem and allow for the diameter increase in a tree

Front 31

carotenoids

Back 31

a yellow, orange or red pigment respondible for those colors in some parts of trees and plants

Front 32

chlorophyll

Back 32

green pigment of plants found in chlorplasts that capture the energy of the sun

Front 33

chloroplast

Back 33

site of photosynthesis

Front 34

CODIT

Back 34

Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees

Front 35

companion cell

Back 35

parenchyma cells associated with sieve tube members. Part of the phloem in hardwoods

Front 36

compartmentalization

Back 36

natural process of defense in trees by which they wall off decay in the wood

Front 37

cork cambium

Back 37

tissue from which cork and bark develop to the outside

Front 38

cuticle

Back 38

waxy layer outside the epidermis of a leaf

Front 39

cytokinin

Back 39

plant hormone involved in cell division

Front 40

deciduous

Back 40

tree or other plant that loses its leaves sometime during the year and stays leafless during the cold season

Front 41

decurrent

Back 41

Type of tree that has rounded or spreading growth habit of the crown of a tree. resulting from new lateral shoots outgrowing the center shoot year after year

Front 42

differentiation

Back 42

process in the development of cells in which they become specialized for various functions

Front 43

diffuse porous

Back 43

pattern of wood development in which the vessels are distributed evenly throughout the annual ring

Front 44

dormant

Back 44

state of reduced physiological activity in the organs of a plant

Front 45

epicormic

Back 45

made when dormant buds elongate and produce shoots

Front 46

evergreen

Back 46

tree or plant that keeps its needles year round

Front 47

excurrent

Back 47

type of tree with a strong central leader and grow upright. All trees start as excurent and most become decurrent as they grow. Sweetgum. Tuliptree. Conifers

Front 48

fiber

Back 48

elongated thick walled cell that provides strength

Front 49

geotropism

Back 49

the downward direction of root/limb growth due to gravity

Front 50

growth rings

Back 50

rings resulting from seasonal production of xylum by the cambium. Rings are formed by the changing of density throughout the growing season.

Front 51

guard cells

Back 51

regulate the opening and closing of the stomate in response to the environmental stimuli like light temperature and humidity.

Front 52

gymnosperm

Back 52

plants with exposed seeds. Pines and Spruces

Front 53

heartwood

Back 53

inner tissues that provide structural resistance to the trunk. darker than sapwood

Front 54

included bark

Back 54

bark that becomes imbedded in a crotch between the branch and the trunk that weakens the crotch because the norma attachment is not formed

Front 55

internode

Back 55

the area between nodes.

Front 56

lateral roots

Back 56

horizontal roots near the soil surface

Front 57

lenticel

Back 57

small openings in the bark that allows gas exchange.

Front 58

meristem

Back 58

tissue in which active cell division takes place

Front 59

mycorrhizae

Back 59

the relationship between roots and fungi. A symbiosis between roots and fungi results in both organisms (the tree and the fungus) benefitting from the living arrangements

Front 60

node

Back 60

enlarged portion of the stem where leaves and buds arise

Front 61

osmosis

Back 61

the way water enters the root. the movement of water through a mebrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration

Front 62

parenchyma cells

Back 62

thin walled living cells essential in photosynthesis ans storage.

Front 63

Major plant hormone groups

Back 63

Auxins
Gibberellins
cytokinins
Ethylene
abscissic acid

Front 64

petiole

Back 64

the stalk or support axis of the leaf.

Front 65

phloem

Back 65

located to the inside of the bark. Responsible for the movement of sugars produced by the leaves to other parts of the tree

Front 66

photosynthate

Back 66

the products of photosynthesis

Front 67

photosynthesis

Back 67

the process in green plants by which light energy is used to form organic compounds from water and carbon dioxide

Front 68

radial transport

Back 68

the horizontal movement of water or nutrients within the tree

Front 69

what is the ray

Back 69

rays are tisses that extend radially across the xylem and phloem of a tree

Front 70

what is a reaction zone

Back 70

a naural boundary formed by a tree to seperate wood infected by disease organisms from healthy wood; important in the processof compartmentalization

Front 71

what is the process by which carbohydrates are converted into energy by using oxygen?

Back 71

respiration

Front 72

what is the pattern of wood development in which the large-diameter vessels are concentrated in the earlywood called?

Back 72

ring porous

Front 73

what is the outerwood that actively transports water and minerals called?

Back 73

sapwood

Front 74

what is the seperation in the growth rings in the wood called?

Back 74

shakes

Front 75

what are sieve cells?

Back 75

long, slender phloem cells in the gymnosperms

Front 76

What are specialized phloem cells involved in photosynthate transport called?

Back 76

sieve tube elements

Front 77

a plant part that uses more energy thatn it produces

Back 77

sink

Front 78

most are in the top 12 inches of soil and downward growing roots that take up water and minerals

Back 78

sinker roots

Front 79

plant part that produces carbohydrates; mature leaves and sources

Back 79

source

Front 80

small pores between two guard cells on leaves and other green plant parts through which gases are exchanged

Back 80

stomata

Front 81

amutually beneficial association of two different type of living organisms

Back 81

symbiosis

Front 82

what is a tap root

Back 82

a centeral, vertical root that grows right belowthe trunkand is offten choked off by the development of other roots

Front 83

what is a terminal bud

Back 83

the bud on the end of a twig or shoot

Front 84

tracheid

Back 84

elongated, tapering xylem cell, adapted for support

Front 85

what is water vapor loss through the stomata of leaves

Back 85

transpiration

Front 86

growth movement of variation of a plant asa responce to an external stimulus such as light or gravity

Back 86

tropism

Front 87

stacked, tubelike, water conducting cell in the xylem

Back 87

vessels

Front 88

main water and mineral conducting tissue in trees and other plants;provides structural support and becomes wood after lignifying

Back 88

xylem