Treatment Of Asthma And Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Front 1

What is asthma?

Back 1

A chronic disease that affects the airways, producion irritation, inflammation, and difficulty breathing

Front 2

How is asthma categorized?
What are the categories? x4

Back 2

-By frequency and severity

1. Mild intermittent
2. Mild persistent
3. Moderate persistent
4. Severe persistent

Front 3

What are risk factors for developing asthma? x5

Back 3

1. Family history of asthma
2. Smoking (including exposure to second hand smoke)
3. Chronic exposure to air pollution
4. Exposure to some allergens
5. Infections early in life

Front 4

How are symptoms of asthma caused?

Back 4

By airway irritation that results in bronchial constriction and impedes the passage of air

Front 5

What are the symptoms of asthma? x4

Back 5

1. Coughing
2. Wheezing
3. Shortness of breath
4. Chest tightening

Front 6

What is nocturnal asthma?

Back 6

A condition categorized by decreased FEV1 and by increased airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness that occurs in the middle of the night

Front 7

What are some asthma triggers? x10

Back 7

1. Cockroach droppings
2. Animal dander
3. Environmental pollution
4. Cleaning fluids
5. Mold
6. Tobacco smoke
7. Air pollution
8. Upper respiratory infection
9. Vigorous exercise
10. Cold air

Front 8

How can asthma be mangaged?

Back 8

With a combination of medication, lifestyle modification and home monitoring of breathing using a peak flow meter

Front 9

What can increase the risk of developing COPD? x5

Back 9

1. Cigarette smoking
2. Exposure to second-hand smoke
3. Occupational irritants
4. Industrial chemicals
5. Dust

Front 10

What can contribute to or worsen COPD? x2

Back 10

1. Air pollution
2. Exposure to second-hand smoke

Front 11

What are symptoms of COPD? x4

Back 11

1. Shortness of breath
2. Chronic persistent cough
3. Wheezing
4. Increased sputum production

Front 12

How are a peak flow meter and a blood glucose meter similar?

Back 12

They allow self management of a condition; peak flow meter for asthma and blood glucose meter for diabetes

Front 13

Low peak flow numbers signal that asthma is under control. True/False

Back 13

False

Front 14

What does the pharmacological treatment of COPD consist of? x3

Back 14

1. Bronchodilators
2. Glucocorticosteroids
3. Antibiotics when infection is present

Front 15

Nonpharmacological treatment of COPD? x2

Back 15

1. Oxygen therapy
2. Mechanical ventilation

Front 16

What are the two classes of drugs used for the treatment and management of asthma?

Back 16

Rescue/relief medicines and maintenance therapies

Front 17

What do short-acting Beta2-adrenergic agonists do?

Back 17

Provide short-term relief of acute symptoms of asthma

Front 18

The use of long-acting Beta2-adrenergic agonists for the treatment of asthma has been changed by the FDA and Health Canada. True/False

Back 18

True

Front 19

What is ipratropium bromide used for?

Back 19

Relief of acute asthma symptoms

Front 20

What is tiotropium used for?

Back 20

Treatment of COPD

Front 21

What do anticholinergics do?

Back 21

Bind to muscarinic receptors and block off the effects of acetylcholine, resulting in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

Front 22

What is is levalbuterol?

Back 22

Moderately selective Beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist and an isomer of albuterol

Front 23

What can drugs such as albuterol produce? x5

Back 23

1. Nervousness
2. Difficulty sleeping
3. Dry mouth
4. Mild headache
5. Throat irritation (by inhalants)

Front 24

Salmetreol and formoterol should not be administered as primary therapy. True/False

Back 24

True

Front 25

What are long-acting Beta2-adrenergic agonists associated with? x2

Back 25

1. Increased risk of severe asthma related exacerbations
2. Asthma death

Front 26

What do glucocortiscosteroids do?

Back 26

Decrease the synthesis of proinflammatory substances such as prostaglandins, leukotrines, cytokines, arachidonic acid, and macrophages

Front 27

What are some inhaled corticosteroids? x4

Back 27

1. fluticasone
2. budesonide
3. mometasone
4. beclomethasone

Front 28

The adverse reactions of inhaled corticosteroids aren't local. True/False
What do they include? x7

Back 28

-False

1. Coughing
2. Hoarsness
3. Throat irritation
4. Dry mouth
5. Flushing
6. Loss of taste
7. Unpleasant taste

Front 29

How can you minimize the risk for thrush?

Back 29

Gargling or rinsing the mouth after administering glucocorticosteroids

Front 30

What are leukotriene modifiers for?

Back 30

Patients with mild asthma to reduce inflammation

Front 31

What do leukotriene modifiers do?

Back 31

Inhibit the release of proinflammatory leukotrienes

Front 32

Packets of montelukast granules can be opened hours before they need to be used. True/False

Back 32

False, Once they are opened they have to be used within 15 minutes

Front 33

What is cromolyn sodium?
What does it do?

Back 33

-Mast cell stablizer
-Makes mast cells less reactive to antigens

Front 34

What do xanthines have?

Back 34

Bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory properties

Front 35

By how much can smoking cigarettes decrease the half-life of theophylline?

Back 35

Almost 50%

Front 36

Patients should recieve the same manufactuer's product of of thophylline every time it is dispensed. True/False

Back 36

True

Front 37

What is omalizumab?
What is it used for? x2

Back 37

-Recombinant human monoclonal antibody

1. Treatment for moderate to severe allergic asthma
2. Add-on therapy for asthma when it isn't controlled with inhaled corticosteroids and Beta2-adrenergic agonists

Front 38

Patients should watch for anaphylaxis when taking omalizumab. True/False

Back 38

True

Front 39

What is a nebulizer?

Back 39

A device that converts a liquid dose of medicine into an aerosolized mist

Front 40

What is a spacer?

Back 40

A device attatched to the end of a metered-dose inhaler that is used to control the delivery of an inhaled medicine