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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following is a function of the autonomic nervous system?
Speaking Running or walking Constriction of blood vessels Solving complex math problems |
Constriction of blood vessels |
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The maxillae form which of the following structures? Lower jaw Upper jaw Cheek bones Forehead |
Upper jaw |
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How many cervical vertebrae are there? 7 12 5 4 |
7 |
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Which of the following is classified as an open head injury? Contusion without a skull fracture Laceration with a skull fracture Laceration without a skull fracture Both A and B |
Laceration with a skull fracture |
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Your patient has been involved in a motor vehicle collision. He has a contusion on his forehead, is confused, and is bleeding from his nose. His heart rate is 90 beats per minute, blood pressure is 80/58 mmHg, respirations are 20 breaths per minute, and his skin is cool and clammy. Which of the following sets of injuries should you suspect? Head injury, spine injury, and internal bleeding Head injury Head injury and spine injury Head injury and internal bleeding |
Head injury, spine injury, and internal bleeding |
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Which of the following is a potential complication of hyperventilating a patient with a brain injury? Increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood Increasing blood flow to the brain Decreasing blood flow to the brain Decreasing the patient's blood pressure |
Decreasing blood flow to the brain |
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A 44-year-old male involved in a collision at 50 mph struck the windshield of his vehicle with his face. Which of the following injuries should you prepare to treat? Cervical spine trauma Brain injury Airway obstruction All of the above |
All of the above |
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Which of the following causes worsening of the damage in a brain injury? Allowing seepage of cerebrospinal fluid from the ears or nose Administration of 100 percent oxygen Failure to keep the patient awake and talking Improper management of airway and ventilation |
Improper management of airway and ventilation |
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In most cases, which of the following is the correct way to provide initial management of a suspected cervical spine injury? Hold the patient's head still in a neutral, "eyes forward" position. Gently apply pressure to the top of the patient's head. Maintain the patient's head and neck in the position they are found. Provide approximately 15 pounds of upward cervical traction. |
Hold the patient's head still in a neutral, "eyes forward" position. |
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Which of the following observations may the EMT use to rule out a spinal injury in a trauma patient? Patient is able to walk at the scene. There is a lack of mechanism of injury. There is a lack of numbness and paralysis of the extremities. Patient denies pain in his spine. |
There is a lack of mechanism of injury. |
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Which of the following may result from the application of a cervical collar that is too large for the patient? Rotation of the head and neck Hyperflexion of the neck Hyperextension of the neck Excessive lateral movement of the mandible |
Hyperextension of the neck |
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Which of the following signs is LEAST likely to indicate a traumatic brain injury?. Low blood pressure Irregular breathing pattern Vomiting Irrational behavior |
Low blood pressure |
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Which of the following injuries is considered an indirect brain injury? Cerebral laceration Depressed skull fracture with cerebral penetration by bone fragments Gunshot wound to the head Concussion |
Concussion |
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Your patient is a 35-year-old woman who was driving a minivan that was struck in the driver's side door by another vehicle. You notice that when you apply pressure to her sternum with your knuckles she extends her legs and flexes her arms and wrists. When giving your radio report, which of the following terms should you use to describe this? Tonic-clonic activity Posturing Cushing's reflex Battle's sign |
Posturing |
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Which of the following measures is NOT appropriate for a patient with a significant isolated head injury? Treat for shock by elevating the foot of the backboard. Keep the patient from becoming overheated. Try to keep the patient from being agitated. Control bleeding from head wounds. |
Treat for shock by elevating the foot of the backboard. |
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What is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of your adult male patient who has fallen off a horse, has his eyes open, can follow your commands to squeeze his hands, but is confused about what happened and his whereabouts? 12 14 15 13 |
14 |
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When blood accumulates between the brain and the dura mater, what is the result? Epidural contusion Subdural contusion Epidural hematoma Subdural hematoma |
Subdural hematoma |
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Your patient is a 21-year-old male who slid head-first down a water slide at his fraternity house and impacted the bales of straw that his fraternity brothers had erected as a barrier to keep participants from sliding onto the adjacent highway. The patient is conscious and complaining of neck pain. Which of the following should be included in your assessment?. If the patient has no numbness or tingling, ask him to stand and try to walk. Apply painful stimuli to his extremities, starting distally and moving closer and closer to the body. Ask the patient to cautiously touch his chin to his chest to check for range of motion. Ask the patient to grasp and squeeze your hands. |
Ask the patient to grasp and squeeze your hands. |
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Which of the following pieces of equipment is acceptable for use in the prehospital stabilization of suspected cervical spine injuries? Soft cervical collars Five-pound sand bags Rigid cervical collars All of the above |
Rigid cervical collars |
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Which of the following describes the proper position of the patient's head for spinal immobilization? Chin tilted upward for airway maintenance Neutral, in-line "eyes forward" position Stabilized in position found The "sniffing" position |
Neutral, in-line "eyes forward" position |
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When log-rolling a patient with a suspected spinal injury, which of the following EMTs directs the move? The EMT at the head of the patient The EMT with the highest level of training The EMT with the most seniority The EMT at the heaviest portion of the patient |
The EMT at the head of the patient |
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Your patient is a 38-year-old male driver of a vehicle that left the roadway and struck a bus stop shelter and a tree. He is conscious and alert, he has some abrasions on his forehead, his skin is warm and dry, and he has a strong radial pulse and no difficulty breathing. Which of the following descriptions represents the MOST appropriate way for removing the patient from the vehicle? Apply a cervical collar and perform rapid extrication onto a long backboard. Have the patient stand up and then do a "standing take-down" onto a long backboard. Place the backboard on the stretcher and have the patient stand, turn, and lie down on the backboard while you maintain manual in-line stabilization of the cervical spine. Apply a cervical collar and short spine immobilization device before removing to a long backboard. |
Apply a cervical collar and short spine immobilization device before removing to a long backboard. |
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When using a short spine immobilization device, which part of the body is secured last? Arms Torso Head Legs |
Head |
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When should the EMT calculate a GCS with a patient who suffered a fall of 20 feet from his apartment building? At the hospital before writing the care report En route to the hospital As he approaches the patient Before departing from the scene |
En route to the hospital |
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Which of the following systems includes the pairs of nerves that enter and exit the spinal cord between each pair of vertebrae? Peripheral nervous system Central nervous system Autonomic nervous system All of the above |
Peripheral nervous system |
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The bony bumps you feel along the center of a person's back are known as which of the following? Vertebrae Foramen magnum Spinous process None of the above |
Spinous process |
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You are treating a 54-year-old female patient who was involved in a domestic dispute; you notice an abrasion to the side of her head. The patient is unresponsive with a blood pressure of 200/110, a pulse of 60 beats per minute, and slightly irregular breathing. The patient's presentation is most likely caused by which of the following? Increased intracranial pressure Coup-contrecoup injury Closed head injury Increased arterial pressure |
Increased intracranial pressure |
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You respond to a patient who was hit in the face with a chair. Upon arrival, you notice a patient leaning in the corner and bleeding profusely from the mouth and nose. Your first action should be which of the following? Assure scene safety. Suction the airway and have the patient lean back. Take c-spine precautions. Place the patient on a nonrebreather mask at 15 lpm. |
Assure scene safety. |
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While assessing a patient with a laceration to the neck, the EMT must be aware that which of the following conditions may develop? Deep vein thrombosis Air embolus Air thrombosis Deep vein embolus |
Air embolus |
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You are treating a 35-year-old male patient that has been involved in a motorcycle incident. The patient is unresponsive with a blood pressure of 60/40, a pulse of 66 beats per minute, and respirations of 18 breaths per minute. The patient's presentation is most likely caused by which of the following? Cardiogenic shock Septic shock Increased intracranial pressure Neurogenic shock |
Neurogenic shock |
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A young female was injured in an automobile wreck, striking her head on the windshield. She is unconscious and her breathing is irregular. She is bleeding from a scalp wound, but your assessment shows that her cranium is intact. Her vital signs are pulse 68, blood pressure 148/90, and her pupils are unequal. You should suspect a(n): concussion. closed head injury. contusion. open head injury. |
closed head injury. |
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You are called for a man who is not acting right. His wife says he was outside working in the garden but didn't come in for lunch when he was called. She went to check on him and found him sitting next to a stump, confused. You assessment shows a pulse rate of 58, blood pressure of 186/82, respirations of 16, and one of his pupils is dilated. You are unable to detect any signs of trauma and you don't see any obvious indication that he has fallen. You should suspect a(n): closed head injury. open head injury. insecticide poisoning. nontraumatic brain injury. |
nontraumatic brain injury. |
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Your patient has sustained a serious laceration to his neck. He appears to have lost a lot of blood and you are considering how you will control the bleeding. Your primary treatment should be to place a(n): pressure dressing. occlusive dressing. dry, sterile dressing. bulky dressing. |
occlusive dressing. |
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Your patient has had his throat slashed during a robbery attempt. You are concerned since it is apparent that the vessels in his neck have been lacerated. A breach in which of the following vessels would be most likely to lead to an air embolism?. Capillaries Arterioles Arteries Veins |
Veins |
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Your patient has been injured by a fall down a flight of steps. He is alert and oriented but complains of back and neck pain. You spinal immobilize him on a long spine board with a cervical collar on his neck as a precaution because you know that the: cervical spine is the most vulnerable part of the spine. lumbar area is rarely injured due to the rib support. thoracic spine is especially vulnerable to injury. coccyx is easily dislocated. |
cervical spine is the most vulnerable part of the spine. |
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You are called for a young man who was diving head first off a dock into a lake. Bystanders say he struck his head on the bottom because the water was too shallow. They said he was not breathing when they pulled him from the water and they have been performing rescue breathing for him. He is awake, but he is unable to breathe on his own. What type of damage or injury does this indicate? Damage to C-3, C-4, or C5 Damage to his thoracic spine A closed head injury An open head injury |
Damage to C-3, C-4, or C5 |
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Your patient is a 16-year-old male who ran his truck off of the road and into a ditch. He was driving just fast enough to cause the air bag to deploy when he hit the ditch. He is complaining of some neck and shoulder pain. His vital signs are respirations 20, pulse 110, blood pressure 116/80, and pupils equal and reactive. How should you manage this patient? Perform a rapid extrication and spinal immobilize him on a long spine board. Use a short spine board or vest device, then transfer him to a long spine board. Apply a cervical collar, then rotate him to a long spine board. Place him on oxygen, then slowly move him to the stretcher. |
Use a short spine board or vest device, then transfer him to a long spine board. |
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What is the definition of multisystem trauma? Multiple injuries that affect more than one body system. Trauma in which the patient has more than one serious injury. A trauma in which there are multiple casualties. A trauma that requires the response of multiple agencies. |
Multiple injuries that affect more than one body system. |
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What are three elements of successful trauma care that field practitioners can use which will ultimately translate into greater rates of survival? Teamwork, timing, and transport Ground ambulances, air helicopters, and trauma centers Lights, sirens, and diesel Physiological determinants, anatomic criteria, and mechanism of injury |
Teamwork, timing, and transport |
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You are dispatched to a motor vehicle crash on a rural mountain highway. You have a patient who was unconscious on arrival, had a seizure, and is currently awake but combative. You suspect he may have a head injury. What is considered the BEST approach regarding transport of this patient? Dispatch and await the medical helicopter, which is 20 minutes away. Transport to a local community hospital approximately 15 minutes away via ground. Begin transport to the trauma center on the ground, which is 1.5 hours' driving time. Dispatch the medical helicopter to meet your unit at the community hospital. |
Dispatch and await the medical helicopter, which is 20 minutes away. |
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What is the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) measurement of altered mental status, which according to CDC guidelines necessitates transport to a trauma center? 12 13 8 14 |
13 |
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A respiratory rate of less than _______ in infants is a significant finding and indicates a critical patient, who should be immediately transported to a trauma center if secondary to trauma. 20 25 18 30 |
20 |
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What criteria based on the CDC guidelines allows a discretionary approach to trauma triage? For example, a patient not meeting ordinary trauma triage criteria may be transported to a trauma center based on what consideration? Review of morbidity and mortality The CDC "No-protocol Protocol" "Golden Hour" criteria EMS provider judgment |
EMS provider judgment |
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Which one of the following patients would justify the need to directly transport to a trauma center based on special patient considerations? An end-stage renal disease patient who tripped and fell and is complaining of shoulder pain on the same side as his shunt An unlicensed teenage driver who has a pulse rate of 120 after a MVC and a 4 minute EMS response A pregnant female in the third trimester who is spotting (showing small amounts of vaginal bleeding) following a low mechanism of injury MVC An elderly patient on anticoagulants who slipped out of her wheelchair and is complaining of pelvic pain |
A pregnant female in the third trimester who is spotting (showing small amounts of vaginal bleeding) following a low mechanism of injury MVC |
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You are dispatched to a motorcycle crash with one patient involved. What is the most important intervention to perform first? Begin chest compressions Manually stabilize the cervical spine Suction the vomit and secretions from the airway Stabilize the pelvis to a long spine board |
Manually stabilize the cervical spine |
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What is the BEST option an EMT has when encountering poor BVM compliance when attempting to ventilate a patient? Begin chest compressions. Place the patient on supplemental oxygen. Address ventilation en route to the hospital or ALS intercept. Involve two people in the procedure. |
Involve two people in the procedure. |
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What are the three elements of the Revised Trauma Score? GCS, pulse rate, and respiratory rate GCS, systolic blood pressure, and pulse rate GCS, systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate Level of consciousness, systolic blood pressure, and pulse rate |
GCS, systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate |
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Which one of the following is NOT a key decision for the EMT when faced with a multisystem or multiple trauma patient? Should I transport to a trauma center? Do I need to minimize on-scene time? Should I allow police to interview the patient on-scene? Is the patient seriously injured? |
Should I allow police to interview the patient on-scene? |
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Which patient is the most unstable? An unresponsive patient with hypotension A patient who only responds to verbal stimuli An unresponsive patient with tachycardia A patient responsive to painful stimuli only |
An unresponsive patient with hypotension |
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You are getting ready to transport an unresponsive 25-year-old female patient. She was hit by a vehicle while crossing the street. She is 26 weeks pregnant. You are 10 minutes away from the nearest facility, 15 minutes away from a Level I Trauma Center, and 15 minutes away from a hospital that specializes in high-risk obstetrics. You should transport the patient to which hospital? The nearest facility: She is unresponsive and unstable. The trauma center: The fetus will need specialized neonatology surgeons. The trauma center: The patient will need specialized trauma surgeons. The high-risk obstetric hospital: The fetus will need specialized neonatology surgeons. |
The trauma center: The patient will need specialized trauma surgeons. |
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You respond to a 22-year-old male patient who fell while exiting the local bar. Bystanders state he drank at least 10 beers and could not keep his balance. Physical exam reveals that the patient is alert to verbal stimuli only. He has a Glasgow Coma Scale of 3, 4, 6; slurred speech; and an obvious scalp laceration to the back of his head. He is refusing treatment and transport and wants his friends to drive him home. The nearest hospital is 5 minutes away, a Level II Trauma Center is 10 minutes away, and a Level I Full Service Trauma Center is 30 minutes away. Which of these is the most appropriate facility for the patient? The nearest facility The Level I Trauma Center The Level II Trauma Center Nowhere, since the patient is an adult and refusing; as such, you cannot take him |
The Level II Trauma Center |
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Which trauma patient is the most critical? The patient with decerebrate posturing The patient with a Glasgow Coma Scale of 7 The patient with decorticate posturing The patient who withdraws to painful stimuli |
The patient with decerebrate posturing |
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You are the first on the scene of a two-car vehicle collision. Your patient is a front passenger who is unresponsive inside the vehicle. The patient is trapped and the vehicle is on fire. The fire department is still en route. You should: perform an emergency move. perform an urgent move. use your fire extinguisher to put out the fire. have the fire department rescue the patient. |
have the fire department rescue the patient. |
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Which of the following is a function of the autonomic nervous system?
Speaking Running or walking Constriction of blood vessels Solving complex math problems |
Constriction of blood vessels |
|
|
The maxillae form which of the following structures? Lower jaw Upper jaw Cheek bones Forehead |
Upper jaw |
|
|
How many cervical vertebrae are there? 7 12 5 4 |
7 |
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Which of the following is classified as an open head injury? Contusion without a skull fracture Laceration with a skull fracture Laceration without a skull fracture Both A and B |
Laceration with a skull fracture |
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Your patient has been involved in a motor vehicle collision. He has a contusion on his forehead, is confused, and is bleeding from his nose. His heart rate is 90 beats per minute, blood pressure is 80/58 mmHg, respirations are 20 breaths per minute, and his skin is cool and clammy. Which of the following sets of injuries should you suspect? Head injury, spine injury, and internal bleeding Head injury Head injury and spine injury Head injury and internal bleeding |
Head injury, spine injury, and internal bleeding |
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Which of the following is a potential complication of hyperventilating a patient with a brain injury? Increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood Increasing blood flow to the brain Decreasing blood flow to the brain Decreasing the patient's blood pressure |
Decreasing blood flow to the brain |
|
|
A 44-year-old male involved in a collision at 50 mph struck the windshield of his vehicle with his face. Which of the following injuries should you prepare to treat? Cervical spine trauma Brain injury Airway obstruction All of the above |
All of the above |
|
|
Which of the following causes worsening of the damage in a brain injury? Allowing seepage of cerebrospinal fluid from the ears or nose Administration of 100 percent oxygen Failure to keep the patient awake and talking Improper management of airway and ventilation |
Improper management of airway and ventilation |
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|
In most cases, which of the following is the correct way to provide initial management of a suspected cervical spine injury? Hold the patient's head still in a neutral, "eyes forward" position. Gently apply pressure to the top of the patient's head. Maintain the patient's head and neck in the position they are found. Provide approximately 15 pounds of upward cervical traction. |
Hold the patient's head still in a neutral, "eyes forward" position. |
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Which of the following observations may the EMT use to rule out a spinal injury in a trauma patient? Patient is able to walk at the scene. There is a lack of mechanism of injury. There is a lack of numbness and paralysis of the extremities. Patient denies pain in his spine. |
There is a lack of mechanism of injury. |
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Which of the following may result from the application of a cervical collar that is too large for the patient? Rotation of the head and neck Hyperflexion of the neck Hyperextension of the neck Excessive lateral movement of the mandible |
Hyperextension of the neck |
|
|
Which of the following signs is LEAST likely to indicate a traumatic brain injury?. Low blood pressure Irregular breathing pattern Vomiting Irrational behavior |
Low blood pressure |
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Which of the following injuries is considered an indirect brain injury? Cerebral laceration Depressed skull fracture with cerebral penetration by bone fragments Gunshot wound to the head Concussion |
Concussion |
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Your patient is a 35-year-old woman who was driving a minivan that was struck in the driver's side door by another vehicle. You notice that when you apply pressure to her sternum with your knuckles she extends her legs and flexes her arms and wrists. When giving your radio report, which of the following terms should you use to describe this? Tonic-clonic activity Posturing Cushing's reflex Battle's sign |
Posturing |
|
|
Which of the following measures is NOT appropriate for a patient with a significant isolated head injury? Treat for shock by elevating the foot of the backboard. Keep the patient from becoming overheated. Try to keep the patient from being agitated. Control bleeding from head wounds. |
Treat for shock by elevating the foot of the backboard. |
|
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What is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of your adult male patient who has fallen off a horse, has his eyes open, can follow your commands to squeeze his hands, but is confused about what happened and his whereabouts? 12 14 15 13 |
14 |
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When blood accumulates between the brain and the dura mater, what is the result? Epidural contusion Subdural contusion Epidural hematoma Subdural hematoma |
Subdural hematoma |
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|
Your patient is a 21-year-old male who slid head-first down a water slide at his fraternity house and impacted the bales of straw that his fraternity brothers had erected as a barrier to keep participants from sliding onto the adjacent highway. The patient is conscious and complaining of neck pain. Which of the following should be included in your assessment?. If the patient has no numbness or tingling, ask him to stand and try to walk. Apply painful stimuli to his extremities, starting distally and moving closer and closer to the body. Ask the patient to cautiously touch his chin to his chest to check for range of motion. Ask the patient to grasp and squeeze your hands. |
Ask the patient to grasp and squeeze your hands. |
|
|
Which of the following pieces of equipment is acceptable for use in the prehospital stabilization of suspected cervical spine injuries? Soft cervical collars Five-pound sand bags Rigid cervical collars All of the above |
Rigid cervical collars |
|
|
Which of the following describes the proper position of the patient's head for spinal immobilization? Chin tilted upward for airway maintenance Neutral, in-line "eyes forward" position Stabilized in position found The "sniffing" position |
Neutral, in-line "eyes forward" position |
|
|
When log-rolling a patient with a suspected spinal injury, which of the following EMTs directs the move? The EMT at the head of the patient The EMT with the highest level of training The EMT with the most seniority The EMT at the heaviest portion of the patient |
The EMT at the head of the patient |
|
|
Your patient is a 38-year-old male driver of a vehicle that left the roadway and struck a bus stop shelter and a tree. He is conscious and alert, he has some abrasions on his forehead, his skin is warm and dry, and he has a strong radial pulse and no difficulty breathing. Which of the following descriptions represents the MOST appropriate way for removing the patient from the vehicle? Apply a cervical collar and perform rapid extrication onto a long backboard. Have the patient stand up and then do a "standing take-down" onto a long backboard. Place the backboard on the stretcher and have the patient stand, turn, and lie down on the backboard while you maintain manual in-line stabilization of the cervical spine. Apply a cervical collar and short spine immobilization device before removing to a long backboard. |
Apply a cervical collar and short spine immobilization device before removing to a long backboard. |
|
|
When using a short spine immobilization device, which part of the body is secured last? Arms Torso Head Legs |
Head |
|
|
When should the EMT calculate a GCS with a patient who suffered a fall of 20 feet from his apartment building? At the hospital before writing the care report En route to the hospital As he approaches the patient Before departing from the scene |
En route to the hospital |
|
|
Which of the following systems includes the pairs of nerves that enter and exit the spinal cord between each pair of vertebrae? Peripheral nervous system Central nervous system Autonomic nervous system All of the above |
Peripheral nervous system |
|
|
The bony bumps you feel along the center of a person's back are known as which of the following? Vertebrae Foramen magnum Spinous process None of the above |
Spinous process |
|
|
You are treating a 54-year-old female patient who was involved in a domestic dispute; you notice an abrasion to the side of her head. The patient is unresponsive with a blood pressure of 200/110, a pulse of 60 beats per minute, and slightly irregular breathing. The patient's presentation is most likely caused by which of the following? Increased intracranial pressure Coup-contrecoup injury Closed head injury Increased arterial pressure |
Increased intracranial pressure |
|
|
You respond to a patient who was hit in the face with a chair. Upon arrival, you notice a patient leaning in the corner and bleeding profusely from the mouth and nose. Your first action should be which of the following? Assure scene safety. Suction the airway and have the patient lean back. Take c-spine precautions. Place the patient on a nonrebreather mask at 15 lpm. |
Assure scene safety. |
|
|
While assessing a patient with a laceration to the neck, the EMT must be aware that which of the following conditions may develop? Deep vein thrombosis Air embolus Air thrombosis Deep vein embolus |
Air embolus |
|
|
You are treating a 35-year-old male patient that has been involved in a motorcycle incident. The patient is unresponsive with a blood pressure of 60/40, a pulse of 66 beats per minute, and respirations of 18 breaths per minute. The patient's presentation is most likely caused by which of the following? Cardiogenic shock Septic shock Increased intracranial pressure Neurogenic shock |
Neurogenic shock |
|
|
A young female was injured in an automobile wreck, striking her head on the windshield. She is unconscious and her breathing is irregular. She is bleeding from a scalp wound, but your assessment shows that her cranium is intact. Her vital signs are pulse 68, blood pressure 148/90, and her pupils are unequal. You should suspect a(n): concussion. closed head injury. contusion. open head injury. |
closed head injury. |
|
|
You are called for a man who is not acting right. His wife says he was outside working in the garden but didn't come in for lunch when he was called. She went to check on him and found him sitting next to a stump, confused. You assessment shows a pulse rate of 58, blood pressure of 186/82, respirations of 16, and one of his pupils is dilated. You are unable to detect any signs of trauma and you don't see any obvious indication that he has fallen. You should suspect a(n): closed head injury. open head injury. insecticide poisoning. nontraumatic brain injury. |
nontraumatic brain injury. |
|
|
Your patient has sustained a serious laceration to his neck. He appears to have lost a lot of blood and you are considering how you will control the bleeding. Your primary treatment should be to place a(n): pressure dressing. occlusive dressing. dry, sterile dressing. bulky dressing. |
occlusive dressing. |
|
|
Your patient has had his throat slashed during a robbery attempt. You are concerned since it is apparent that the vessels in his neck have been lacerated. A breach in which of the following vessels would be most likely to lead to an air embolism?. Capillaries Arterioles Arteries Veins |
Veins |
|
|
Your patient has been injured by a fall down a flight of steps. He is alert and oriented but complains of back and neck pain. You spinal immobilize him on a long spine board with a cervical collar on his neck as a precaution because you know that the: cervical spine is the most vulnerable part of the spine. lumbar area is rarely injured due to the rib support. thoracic spine is especially vulnerable to injury. coccyx is easily dislocated. |
cervical spine is the most vulnerable part of the spine. |
|
|
You are called for a young man who was diving head first off a dock into a lake. Bystanders say he struck his head on the bottom because the water was too shallow. They said he was not breathing when they pulled him from the water and they have been performing rescue breathing for him. He is awake, but he is unable to breathe on his own. What type of damage or injury does this indicate? Damage to C-3, C-4, or C5 Damage to his thoracic spine A closed head injury An open head injury |
Damage to C-3, C-4, or C5 |
|
|
Your patient is a 16-year-old male who ran his truck off of the road and into a ditch. He was driving just fast enough to cause the air bag to deploy when he hit the ditch. He is complaining of some neck and shoulder pain. His vital signs are respirations 20, pulse 110, blood pressure 116/80, and pupils equal and reactive. How should you manage this patient? Perform a rapid extrication and spinal immobilize him on a long spine board. Use a short spine board or vest device, then transfer him to a long spine board. Apply a cervical collar, then rotate him to a long spine board. Place him on oxygen, then slowly move him to the stretcher. |
Use a short spine board or vest device, then transfer him to a long spine board. |
|
|
What is the definition of multisystem trauma? Multiple injuries that affect more than one body system. Trauma in which the patient has more than one serious injury. A trauma in which there are multiple casualties. A trauma that requires the response of multiple agencies. |
Multiple injuries that affect more than one body system. |
|
|
What are three elements of successful trauma care that field practitioners can use which will ultimately translate into greater rates of survival? Teamwork, timing, and transport Ground ambulances, air helicopters, and trauma centers Lights, sirens, and diesel Physiological determinants, anatomic criteria, and mechanism of injury |
Teamwork, timing, and transport |
|
|
You are dispatched to a motor vehicle crash on a rural mountain highway. You have a patient who was unconscious on arrival, had a seizure, and is currently awake but combative. You suspect he may have a head injury. What is considered the BEST approach regarding transport of this patient? Dispatch and await the medical helicopter, which is 20 minutes away. Transport to a local community hospital approximately 15 minutes away via ground. Begin transport to the trauma center on the ground, which is 1.5 hours' driving time. Dispatch the medical helicopter to meet your unit at the community hospital. |
Dispatch and await the medical helicopter, which is 20 minutes away. |
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What is the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) measurement of altered mental status, which according to CDC guidelines necessitates transport to a trauma center? 12 13 8 14 |
13 |
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A respiratory rate of less than _______ in infants is a significant finding and indicates a critical patient, who should be immediately transported to a trauma center if secondary to trauma. 20 25 18 30 |
20 |
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What criteria based on the CDC guidelines allows a discretionary approach to trauma triage? For example, a patient not meeting ordinary trauma triage criteria may be transported to a trauma center based on what consideration? Review of morbidity and mortality The CDC "No-protocol Protocol" "Golden Hour" criteria EMS provider judgment |
EMS provider judgment |
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Which one of the following patients would justify the need to directly transport to a trauma center based on special patient considerations? An end-stage renal disease patient who tripped and fell and is complaining of shoulder pain on the same side as his shunt An unlicensed teenage driver who has a pulse rate of 120 after a MVC and a 4 minute EMS response A pregnant female in the third trimester who is spotting (showing small amounts of vaginal bleeding) following a low mechanism of injury MVC An elderly patient on anticoagulants who slipped out of her wheelchair and is complaining of pelvic pain |
A pregnant female in the third trimester who is spotting (showing small amounts of vaginal bleeding) following a low mechanism of injury MVC |
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You are dispatched to a motorcycle crash with one patient involved. What is the most important intervention to perform first? Begin chest compressions Manually stabilize the cervical spine Suction the vomit and secretions from the airway Stabilize the pelvis to a long spine board |
Manually stabilize the cervical spine |
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What is the BEST option an EMT has when encountering poor BVM compliance when attempting to ventilate a patient? Begin chest compressions. Place the patient on supplemental oxygen. Address ventilation en route to the hospital or ALS intercept. Involve two people in the procedure. |
Involve two people in the procedure. |
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What are the three elements of the Revised Trauma Score? GCS, pulse rate, and respiratory rate GCS, systolic blood pressure, and pulse rate GCS, systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate Level of consciousness, systolic blood pressure, and pulse rate |
GCS, systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate |
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Which one of the following is NOT a key decision for the EMT when faced with a multisystem or multiple trauma patient? Should I transport to a trauma center? Do I need to minimize on-scene time? Should I allow police to interview the patient on-scene? Is the patient seriously injured? |
Should I allow police to interview the patient on-scene? |
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You are transporting a stable patient who was involved in a minor fall from a ladder at a height of about 10 feet to a local community hospital. You assumed full spinal precautions not only because the patient has midline back pain in the sacrum, but also because he was knocked unconscious. While transporting, the patient begins to become increasingly confused, develop an irregular respiratory rate, and experience a drop in heart rate with an increase in blood pressure. You just called in a radio report and are about 7 minutes from the hospital. A trauma center is about 10 minutes away. Which of the following is the BEST transport decision? Call medical control for advice from the trauma center. Divert to the trauma center because the patient is becoming symptomatic. Continue transporting to the local hospital because you've already given report and they accepted the patient. Continue transporting to the local hospital since it's the closest facility. |
Divert to the trauma center because the patient is becoming symptomatic. |
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Which patient is the most unstable? An unresponsive patient with hypotension A patient who only responds to verbal stimuli An unresponsive patient with tachycardia A patient responsive to painful stimuli only |
An unresponsive patient with hypotension |
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You are getting ready to transport an unresponsive 25-year-old female patient. She was hit by a vehicle while crossing the street. She is 26 weeks pregnant. You are 10 minutes away from the nearest facility, 15 minutes away from a Level I Trauma Center, and 15 minutes away from a hospital that specializes in high-risk obstetrics. You should transport the patient to which hospital? The nearest facility: She is unresponsive and unstable. The trauma center: The fetus will need specialized neonatology surgeons. The trauma center: The patient will need specialized trauma surgeons. The high-risk obstetric hospital: The fetus will need specialized neonatology surgeons. |
The trauma center: The patient will need specialized trauma surgeons. |
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You respond to a 22-year-old male patient who fell while exiting the local bar. Bystanders state he drank at least 10 beers and could not keep his balance. Physical exam reveals that the patient is alert to verbal stimuli only. He has a Glasgow Coma Scale of 3, 4, 6; slurred speech; and an obvious scalp laceration to the back of his head. He is refusing treatment and transport and wants his friends to drive him home. The nearest hospital is 5 minutes away, a Level II Trauma Center is 10 minutes away, and a Level I Full Service Trauma Center is 30 minutes away. Which of these is the most appropriate facility for the patient? The nearest facility The Level I Trauma Center The Level II Trauma Center Nowhere, since the patient is an adult and refusing; as such, you cannot take him |
The Level II Trauma Center |
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Which trauma patient is the most critical? The patient with decerebrate posturing The patient with a Glasgow Coma Scale of 7 The patient with decorticate posturing The patient who withdraws to painful stimuli |
The patient with decerebrate posturing |
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You are the first on the scene of a two-car vehicle collision. Your patient is a front passenger who is unresponsive inside the vehicle. The patient is trapped and the vehicle is on fire. The fire department is still en route. You should: perform an emergency move. perform an urgent move. use your fire extinguisher to put out the fire. have the fire department rescue the patient. |
have the fire department rescue the patient. |
