Transmission-Based Precautions

Front 1

GUIDELINES for ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS

Back 1

Standard Precaution
Contact Precaution
Droplet Precaution
Airborne Precaution

Front 2

Airborne Precautions

-airborne droplet nuclei
-dust particles

Back 2

for patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei.

Room preference: PRIVATE w/ negative pressure, at least 6-12 exchanges/hr to filter out the air.

MASK on when you enter the room, shut the door, and take it off once you are OUTSIDE of the room. Door remains closed at all times.

Wear N95 Respirator upon entering room.

(mask/hepta mask/respirator)

Front 3

Droplet Precautions

-coughing
-sneezing
-talking
-certain procedures (suctioning, bronchoscopy)

Back 3

Clinical situation:
Upper Respiratory Infections; including unknown infections prior to organism identification confirmed or suspected such as influenza, bacterial meningitis

Room preference: PRIVATE

wear MASK within 3 feet of patient. Door may remain open.

Front 4

Standard Precaution

Back 4

Clinical situation: All patient

Room preference: Semi-private/PRIVATE

wear GLOVES/GOWNS: Contact with blood, body fluids, or other potentially contaminated material (OPIM)

wear MASKS: Contact with blood, body fluids, or potential sprays of respiratory secretions

Front 5

Contact Precautions

Back 5

for patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses easily transmitted by direct patient contact or by contact with items in the patient's environment.

Room preference: PRIVATE

GLOVES/GOWN. door may remain open.

Front 6

My - Measles
Chicken - Chicken Pox/Varicella
Hez - Herpez Zoster/Shingles
TB
-----------------------------------------
or remember...

MTV=Airborne
Measles
TB
Varicella-Chicken Pox/Herpes Zoster-Shingles

SARS

Back 6

Airborne

Front 7

think of SPIDERMAN!
S - sepsis
S - scarlet fever
S - streptococcal pharyngitis
P - parvovirus B19
P - pneumonia
P - pertussis
I - influenza (invasive)
D - diptheria (pharyngeal)
E - epiglottitis
R - rubella
M - mumps
M - meningitis
M - mycoplasma or meningeal pneumonia
An - Adenovirus

Back 7

Droplet

Front 8

MRS.WEE

M - multidrug resistant organism
R - respiratory infection
S - skin infections *
W - wound infxn
E - enteric infxn - clostridium difficile
E - eye infxn - conjunctivitis (viral/hgeic)

Back 8

Contact

Front 9

Skin Infections:

V - Varicella zoster
C - Cutaneous diptheria
H - Herpes simplex
I - Impetigo
P - Pediculosis
S - Scabies, Staphylococcus furunculosis

diptheria (cutaneous)
zoster (disseminated)

Back 9

Standard with Contact Precautions

Front 10

Blastomycosis

Back 10

Standard Precaution

Front 11

CMV ­ Cytomegalovirus

Back 11

Standard Precaution

Front 12

Hepatitis B, C, D, E, & G

Back 12

Standard Precaution

*except for diapered/incontinent patients and Hepa A.

Front 13

Histoplasmosis

Back 13

Standard Precaution

Front 14

AIDS

Back 14

Standard Precaution

Front 15

HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Back 15

Standard Precaution

Front 16

HSV – Herpes Simplex Virus
(Encephalitis, oral, skin & genitals)

Back 16

Standard Precaution

Front 17

Herpes Zoster (Shingles) - Localized

Back 17

Standard Precaution

Front 18

Herpes Zoster (Shingles) - Disseminated Disease

Back 18

Airborne

Front 19

Chickenpox (Varicella)

Back 19

Standard / Airborne / Contact Precautions

*No mask if immune to Varicella
*Limit transport of patient

Front 20

Measles/Rubeola

Back 20

Airborne & Standard Precautions

*No mask required if immune to measles.
*Precaution: Duration of Illness

Front 21

German Measles (Rubella)

Back 21

Standard / Droplet

*until 7 days after onset of rash

Front 22

Adenovirus pneumonia

Back 22

Droplet

Front 23

Invasive Hemophilus influenzae disease

-H. Influenza epiglottitis
-H. Influenza meningitis

Back 23

Standard / Droplet

*Precautions: until 24 hours of effective antimicrobial therapy has been given.

Front 24

Parvovirus B19

Back 24

Droplet

Front 25

Fifth’s Disease (Erythema Infectiosum)

*slap face

Back 25

Standard and Droplet,

*but in an immunocompetent (normal) patient with acute disease, it is not communicable after onset of rash - Droplet not neccessary.

*Precautions:
For an immunocompromised patient with:

chronic disease--duration of hospitalization.

aplastic crisis or red cell aplasia (e.g. sick cell patients) --maintain Droplet Precautions for 7 days

Front 26

Mumps

Back 26

Standard / Droplet

*Duration of precautions: for 9 days after onset of swelling.

Front 27

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

Back 27

Standard / Droplet

*Precautions: until 5 days after patient is placed on effective therapy.

Front 28

Group A & B Strep (invasive)

Back 28

Standard Precautions

Front 29

C. ­diff – Clostridium difficile colitis

Back 29

Standard / Contact

Front 30

Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs):

- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
- Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)
- Extended-spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL)
- Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP)

Back 30

Contact

*Prescribe antibiotics only when needed.

Front 31

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome )

Back 31

Airborne

Front 32

Extrapulmonary TB

Back 32

Standard

Front 33

TB Meningitis

Back 33

Standard

*Note: Patient should be evaluated for evidence of concurrent (active) pulmonary tuberculosis. If evidence exists for active pulmonary tuberculosis Airborne Precautions are required.

Front 34

TB – Mycobacterium tuberculosis 

(pulmonary or laryngeal disease
confirmed or suspected)

Back 34

Standard / Airborne

*Precaution: Duration of Illness

Front 35

Anthrax (Cutaneous) & Anthrax (Inhalational)

Back 35

Standard

Front 36

Broncholitis (infants & young children)

Back 36

Standard / Contact

Front 37

Candidiasis

Back 37

Standard

Front 38

Chlamydia (all types)

-Chlamydia psittaci,
-Chlamydia pneumoniae,
-Chlamydia trachomatis.

Back 38

Standard

Front 39

Gastroenteritis (cholera, rotavirus, giardia)

Back 39

Standard / Contact for diapered or incontinent px

Front 40

Croup

Back 40

Standard / Contact

Front 41

Decubitus ulcer

Back 41

Major (decubitus contained in a dressing): Standard / Contact

Minor: Standard only

*Precautions: Until wound heals over and stops draining

Front 42

Arthropod-borne Viral Encephalitis

Examples:
West Nile Encephalitis,
Eastern Equine Encephalitis,
Western Equine Encephalitis,
St. Louis Encephalitis,
California (LaCrosse) Encephalitis

Back 42

Standard Precautions

Front 43

Diptheria (cutaneous) & (pharyngeal)

Back 43

Standard / Contact

*Precautions: Until off all antibiotics and until two cultures obtained 24 hours apart are negative.

Front 44

Epstein-Barr Virus

including mononucleosis

Back 44

Standard precautions

Front 45

Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease)

Back 45

Standard precautions.

Front 46

Impetigo

Back 46

Standard / Contact.

*Duration of precautions: until 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy.

Front 47

Kawasaki Syndrome

Back 47

Standard

Front 48

Legionnaire’s Disease

Back 48

Standard

Front 49

Meningococcal meningitis

(due to Neisseria meningitides)

Back 49

Standard / Droplet

Front 50

Pneumococcal meningitis

Back 50

Standard

Front 51

Smallpox

Back 51

Standard / Airborne / Contact

Linen: All laundry should be placed in biohazard bags and autoclaved before laundering.

Patient transport requires approval of Hospital Epidemiologist or designee.

Duration of Isolation: To be determined by Hospital Epidemiology.

Front 52

Typhoid Fever, including Salmonellosis—all salmonella species:

Back 52

Standard

*but requires the use of Contact Precautions for diapered or incontinent patients including children under 6 years of age for duration of illness.