Traffic

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Walking(travel by foot)

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First use of manpower in travelling

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Carrying pole

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China and outher parts of the Far Easr, balanced on one shoulder is a popular carrying device

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Back Load and Tumpline

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Goods are carried on the back. In subtemala, pots are carried on a wooden framework supported by a

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First use of manpower

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Walking

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Balanced on one shoulder is a popular carrying device

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Carrying pole

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Goods arw carried on the back. In subtemala, pots are carried on a wooden framework.

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Back Load and Tumpline

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Heavy burdens was to place them on sledge which rested on a series of rollers

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Sledge on Rollers

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A simple slegde, probably man drawn, was in use at the end of the Old Stone Age in Northern Europe

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Slegde on Runners

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Pile arrangement called, serves as a platform on which the burdens are placed

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Travois

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First domesticated in Mesopotamia, draft animals to draw war chariots

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Ox

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First domesticated in Siberia, beginning of the Christian era.

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Reindeer

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Too slight to carry heavy loads.

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Dog

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Or ass, first domesticated in the middle east. Cheif beast of burden among the farmers

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Donkey

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In Pre-Columbuan Amerixa, was the only new world animal other than the dog capable of domestixation for use in transport

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Llama

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Carthagini used thus in their war against rome, these animals have not been tamed

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Elephanr

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2,000 BC, drawn charots appeared in southeast Asia and 1,000 years later, rhe Persians arrived with cavalry.

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Horse

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Two kinds, two humped Bactrian of centeal asia and the on humped dromedary of arabua.

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Camel

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Lives at high altitudes on the Tibetan Plateau

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Yak

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Has been flown as a popular past time in the Far East since the beginning of history

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Ancient Chinese Kite

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Great renaissance artisr, scientisr and engineer, made study kf the flight of the birds ( orthopter)

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Da Vinci's Ornithopter

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Brothers of France Joseph Michel and Jacques entienne have successfullt released several balloons

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Montgolfier Balloon

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ERNSR WERNER VON SIEMENS, who later achieved fame as an electric undustrialist, in 1847 designed rocket plane

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Siemens' Rocket Plane

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Otto Lilienthal, a german inventor who also made a study of the flight of birtds and experimented whith ornithopters.

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Lilienthal Glider

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One of the pioneers of lighter-rhan-air craft was Alberto Santos Dumont, brazilian who experimented with the stean-powerws balloons in paris.

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Santos Dumont's Airship

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Invented probably in western Asia

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Wheel

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Oldest wheel ever found in Europe or anywhere in the world. Discovered by teo slovene

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Ljubljana Marshes Wooden Wheel

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Anvient cart represent an early step on the revolution of wheeled vehicles. Made of a single piece od wood

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Solid Wheel on Fixed Axle

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About 2400 BC. Spoked wheels and axles of irons or bronze, handles for aid in mounting

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Greek Quadrica with spoked wheels

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Traveling wagon in which the passengers were protected by a covering of learher or cloth

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Italian Cocchio

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Cover and was generally drawn by two or more horses. Especially used to convey the sick and infurm

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Arcera

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A small conveyance that is large enough for only one person

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Arcima

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Commonly used by women when travelling and was borne by two mules.

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Basterna

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Four wheeled conveyance is made of wicker work and was of Gallic Origin

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Benna

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Used by Early Romans in as early as 500 BC and as late as 5th century of the Christian Era. Covered Carriage witg two wheeles, had seats for two or three

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Carpentum

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Vehicle had four wheels, with the front ones smaller than the two behind. Had a cover and was drawn by two to four horses or mules

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Carruca

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Cart with two wheels and boarded sides, it was drawn by oxen or bullocks

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Carrus

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Light open vehicle of Gallic Origin, had two wheels and room for two persons. Also has a box or case beneath the seat

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Cisium

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Used chiefly by women of the upper classes

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Pilentum

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Usually employed for heavy burdens but were also used for travelling

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Four-wheeled plaustrum

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Common among the Romans during the last xentury of the republic. Commodious vehicle of gallic Origin

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Raeda

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Used by Ancient Roman Farmers as a trabelling vehicle for themselves and their families

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Sarracum

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Sacred Vehicle elaborately ornamented eith ivory and silver. Used during Circensian games

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Tensa

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The major road builders in the ancient world. Romans road network reached a total of about 50,000 miles

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THE ROMANS

Front 44

Did not abandon the theory of feeder road building and perfected the macadamized road

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JOHN MACADAM

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Was perfected in the 1760 by JAMES WATT. The invention provided power for many industries

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Steam Engine

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Built an steamboat in 1775

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Frenchman Jacques Perier

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Launch the steamboat Clermont on the Hudson Ruver in 1807

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Robert Fulton