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Étude de la cellule végétale en MO

Paroi, vacuole, plastes

Rôles de la vacuole

Turgescence, stockage

Vacuole stocke

Métabolites primaires et secondaires, ions, acides, cristaux de sels neutres, enzymes

Métabolites primaires

Sucres, protéines

Métabolites secondaires

Défense, pigments, tanins

Quels pigments

Flavones et anthocyanes autour de l'ovule (attire insectes + protège de UV)

Flavones

Blanc-jaune

Anthocyanes

Bleu-rouge

Polymorphisme des plastes (schéma)

Paroi pecto-cellulosique composée de

Cellulose, hemicellulose, pectine, 70% eau, protéines (10% de la matière sèche)

Cellulose

Micro fibrille linéaire, résiste a tension/traction mais pas compression

Hemicellulose

Ramifications de cellulose

Pectine

Matrice de la paroi

Rôle des protéines

Transport via canaux et enzymes

Composition de la paroi primaire et secondaire

Primaire = peu de cellulose


Secondaire = bcp de cellulose

Modifications de la paroi

Méats, apposition de lipides, incrustation de lignine

Rôle des méats

Transport (apoplastique et synplastique) et amortisseur

Rôle de l'apposition de lipides

Lutter contre les pertes d'eau via cires, cutine, suberine

Rôle de l'incrustation de lignine

Imperméabilise la paroie, résistance a la compression

Stomates

Échange gazeux (CO2, vapeur d'eau), cellules de garde forme l'ostiole par turgescence, cellules compagnes entourent les cellules de garde et n'ont pas de chloroplastes