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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the results of optimal nutrition? |
Normal development, good health, and high quality of life. |
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What are causes of impaired growth/development? |
Under-nutrition(hunger), malnutrition (such as vitamin deficiency) or over-nutrition (obesity). |
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Classify Macro-nutrients |
Needed by the body in larger amounts to maintain health, this includes carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and water. |
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Classify Micro-nutrients |
Needed in smaller amounts, including vitamin and materials. |
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What are the characteristics of carbohydrates? |
They are synthesized by plants from water and carbon dioxide using sun energy. They are composed of (CH2O)n where n determines the number of molecules that influence body function and impact health. The main function of carbohydrates are to act as metabolic fuels and stores energy. |
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What are the characteristics of monosaccharides? |
Monosaccharides are the simplest form made of one molecule and is easily absorbed by the body. Ex: glucose, fructose, galactose |
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What are the characteristics of disaccharides? |
Disaccharides are two monosaccharides that are joined together by the loss of water molecules. Ex: sucrose |
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What are the characteristics of oligosaccharides? |
Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates that have 3 to 9 molecules. Ex: maltodextrin |
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What are the characteristics of polysaccharides? |
Polysaccharides are chains of molecules that are longer than 10 molecules. |
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What is the formation of carbohydrates? |
Monosaccharides are joined by condensation reactions. When the two monosaccharides join, and a water molecules is formed and removed. |
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What are the oligo- and poly- saccharides called and where are they found? |
Oligo- and poly- saccharides are called dietary fiber and are found in cellular walls of plants. |
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What are carbohydrates also important for? |
Important source of energy for intense and prolonged periods of exercise and builds the cell membrane and synthesizes DNA and RNA. |
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What are characteristics of fats? |
Fats are found in a variety of animal and plant sources, majority are triglycerides, phospholipids and sterols. |
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What must be done to di-, oligo- and poly- saccharides before being absorbed or transported to the organs? |
Di-, oligo-, and poly- saccharides muse first be broken down to monosaccharides before being absorbed or transported to the organs. |
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What are characteristics of triglycerides? |
Triglycerides are one molecule that consists of one glycerol and three fatty acids. The fatty acids can be identical or a combination of different fatty acids. They are found in sesame seeds, corn, linseed, and walnuts. They are a chain of C atoms with H attached and a methyl group (CH3) and a carbon group (COOH) on each end. |
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What is a saturated fatty acids (SFA)? |
SFAs has the maximal number of H atoms on each carbon atoms. |
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What are unsaturated fatty acids? |
UFAs are two hydrogen atoms missing from double bonds between two carbon atoms. |
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What are monosaturated fatty acids (MUFA)? |
Monosaturated fatty acids have a single double bond in the chain. |
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What are polyunsaturated fatty acids? |
Polyunsaturated fatty acids are shaped by multiple double bonds. |
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What are Omega-3 fatty acids? |
Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids that have the 1st double bond located between the 3rd and 4th carbon atoms from the methyl end. |
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What are Omega-6 fatty acids? |
Omega-6 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids that have the 1st double bond located between the 6th and 7th carbon atoms from the methyl end. |
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How is Omega 3s and 6s stored and what are their major roles? |
Omega 3s and 6s can be stored in adipose (builds up an energy store over prolonged period of time). They play an important role in synthesis of hormones, vitamin D (sterols) and cell membranes (sterols, phospholipids). They also the transport of fat-soluble vitamins. |
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What are proteins? |
Proteins are the second most abundant compound in the body. The quality of the protein depends on presence of essential amino acids. |
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