Top 100 Pbs Medications

Front 1

Paracetamol

Back 1

C:Non-opioid analgesic
I:Pain, fever
MoA: Unknown
D: 1-2 qid prn m8
A: increased aminotransferases
R: urticaria, hypersensitivity, liver failure Sx
L: pain management. compresses, RICE

Front 2

Codeine
(Linctus, Pan Forte)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 2

C: opioid analgesic
I: mild to moderate pain
MoA: mimic endog opioids, activate opioid receptors which produce analgesia etc
D: 30-60mg q4h max 240mg/24h
A: N,V,C, drowsiness
R: sedation and hard to rouse, difficulty breathing, shallow breathing, anaphylaxis (allergy)
L: high doses = prevent constipation, pain lifestyle e.g. RICE warm pack, cold pack

Front 3

Tramadol
(Tramal, Zydol)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 3

C: Opioid analgesic
I: Mod to severe pain
MoA: mimic endog opioids, activate opioid receptors which produce analgesia etc
D: 50-100mg q6-4h max 400mg/d
A: N,V,C, drowsiness
RM: sedation and hard to rouse, difficulty breathing, shallow breathing, anaphylaxis (allergy)
L: high doses = prevent constipation, pain lifestyle e.g. RICE warm pack, cold pack

Front 4

Oxycodone
(Oxycontin CR, Endone IR)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 4

C: Opioid analgesic
I: Mod to severe pain
MoA: mimic endogenous opioids, activate opioid receptors which produce analgesia etc
D: IR- 5-15mg q4-6h, CR-total daily dose bd
A: N,V,C, drowsiness
RM: sedation and hard to rouse, difficulty breathing, shallow breathing, anaphylaxis (allergy)
L: high doses = prevent constipation, pain lifestyle incl pain specialist

Front 5

Morphine
(MS Contin, Ordine)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 5

Class: Opioid analgesic
Indication: Mod to severe pain
MoA: mimic endogenous opioids, activate opioid receptors which produce analgesia etc
Dose: titrate dose to patients needs
A/E: N,V,C, drowsiness
Refer/monitoring: sedation and hard to rouse, difficulty breathing, shallow breathing, anaphylaxis (allergy)
Lifestyle: high doses = prevent constipation, pain lifestyle

Front 6

Amoxycillin
(Amoxil)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 6

C: Penicillin
I: chronic bronchitis, acute bacterial otitis media, sinusitis, CAP
MoA
D: 250-500mg tds or 1g bd; 7.5-25mg/kg tds (up to 80-90/kg/day)
A: GI Sx, rash/hypersensitivity
R: allergic hypersensitivity rxn
M: for improvement
L: plenty of water, rest, paracetamol for fever, probiotics (2h after antibiotics)

Front 7

Cephalexin
(Keflex, Ialex)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 7

C: Cephalosporin
I: UTIs, Staph and strep for pts with mild-mod Pc allergy
MoA: interfere bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis --> cell lysis
D: (A) 250-500mg qid or 500-1000mg qid/bd; UTI Px 250mg n ; UTI Tx 500mg bd. (C) 6.5-12.5-25 mg/kg/dose q6h
A: DNV, rash h/ache; blood dyscrasias; anaphylaxis
RM: anaphylaxis/severe diarrhoea,
M:improvement
L: UTI -drink enough water daily, wipe back to front

Front 8

Amoxycillin with Clavulanic Acid
(Augmentin Duo, Moxiclav Duo)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 8

C: Pc/clavulanic acid
I: HAP, UTI, Otitis media, acute bacterial sinusitis
MoA: interfere bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis --> cell lysis. Clav acid inhibs Blactamase
D: with or soon after food until all taken (A) 500-875mg bd for 5-10days (C) >1 month: 10-15 up to 20mg/kg tid, max 500mg; >2 month: 22.5mg/kg bd, max 875mg, >40kg = adult dose
A: DNV, rash,
RM: anaphylaxis/severe diarrhoea (CDAD)
M:improvement
L: UTI -drink enough water daily, wipe back to front

Front 9

Roxithromycin
(Rulide, Roxar)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 9

C: Macrolide
I: URTIs, LRTIs, CAP, recurrent tonsillitis, skin infections
MoA: bacteriostatic
D: (A) 150mg bd or 300mg od (C) 2.5-4mg/kg bd. Best taken on empty stomach (if makes u feel sick then with food)
A: GI (NVD abd pain cramps), candidal infections; rash h/ache;
RM: hypersensitivity, CDAD, hepatitis
L: counsel for indication

Front 10

Doxycycline
(Vibramycin, Doxsig, Doryx)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 10

C: Tetracycline
I:RTIs, Acne, Malaria Px
MoA: bacteriostatic
D: 200mg stat then 100mg od. Acne = 50mg od; Malaria 1 d for 2d b4, during +2-4 weeks after
A: NVD, epigastric burn, tooth discolour, photosensitive; rash, fungal overgrowth
RM: CDAD, oesophageal ulcer (weak), hepatitis, anaphylaxis
L: drink with plenty water and upright for 30-60 mins after. best mane.

Front 11

Cefaclor
(Ceclor-CD, Karlor)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 11

C: cephalosporins
I: otitis media, RTIs, bacterial sinusitis
MoA: bactericidal
D: (A) 250-500mg tds or 375-750mg bd max 4g daily (C) 10-15mg/kg tds or 20mg/kg bd max 1g/dose
A: DNV, rash h/ache; serum sickness like syndrome
RM: SSLS (skin eruptions, arthralgia), CDAD, blood dyscrasias, bleeding anaphylaxis
L: for indication. tablets take with food and until complete

Front 12

Atorvastatin
(Lipitor, Trovas)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 12

C: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
I: hyperchol, mixed hyperlipidaemia, high risk for CAD, HTN pts with risks for heart disease
MoA: inhibit HMG CoA reductase (important enzyme for cholesterol synthesis).
D: 1 daily (10, 20, 40, 80); increase dose after 4 weeks if nec
A: myalgia, GI Sx, h/ache, insomnia, dizzy, incr aminotransferases; hair loss
RM: myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure hepatitis: CK, LFT, lipid levels. Seek med advice if urine is dark brown or have muscle pain, tenderness or weakness
L: avoid grapefruit juice can incr amt atorv in blood

Front 13

Simvastatin
(Zocor, Lipex, Simvar)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 13

C: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
I: hyperchol, mixed hyperlipidaemia, high risk for CAD, HTN pts with risks for heart disease
MoA: inhibit HMG CoA reductase (important enzyme for cholesterol synthesis).
D: 1 nocte (10.20.40.80); increase dose after 4 weeks if nec
A: myalgia, GI Sx, h/ache, insomnia, dizzy, incr aminotransferases; hair loss
RM: myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure hepatitis: CK, LFT, lipid levels. Seek med advice if urine is dark brown or have muscle pain, tenderness or weakness
L: avoid grapefruit juice can incr amt simvar in blood

Front 14

Irbesartan
(Avapro, Karvea)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 14

C: Angiotensin II Antagonist
I: HTN, HF
MoA: blocks Ang II binding to AT receptors --> vasoconstriction, Na reabs, aldosterone rls
D: 1 d; usu 150mg increase to 300mg
A: dizzy, h/ache/ hyperkalaemia; 1st dose hypo, rash D, dyspepsia
RM: hepatitis sx. LFT, BP
L: avoid K supp, dizzy; Salt, exercise, diet, smoking?

Front 15

Ramipril
(Tritace, Ramace, Prilace)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 15

C: ACE-I
I: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, post MI, reduce risk of CV events
MoA: block Ang1->Ang2 reducing effect of Ang2 induced vasoconstriction, Na retention + aldosterone rls
D: 2.5mg od (mane) increase after 2-3 weeks to 5 if nec, up to 10mg d in 1-2 doses.
A: cough, hypotension, hyperkalaemia, h/ache, dizzy, fatigue, N, renal imp;, rash
RM: hepatitis LFTs, renal Fn and electrolytes before start ACEI
L: avoid K supp, SNAP, pregnancy avoid

Front 16

Perindopril
(Coversyl, Indopril)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 16

C: ACE-I
I: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, post MI, reduce risk of CV events
MoA: block Ang1->Ang2 reducing effect of Ang2 induced vasoconstriction, Na retention + aldosterone rls
D: initially 5mg od max 10mg od (2.5mg for risk hypotension or initial for Renal Imp).
A: cough, hypotension, hyperkalaemia, h/ache, dizzy, fatigue, N, renal imp;, rash
RM: hepatitis LFTs, renal Fn and electrolytes before start ACEI
L: SNAP, avoid K supp, pregnancy

Front 17

Amlodipine
(Norvasc, Amlo)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 17

C: CCB
I: HTN, Angina, Tachyarrhythmia
MoA: blocks CChannels on vascular smooth muscle, decr vasc resistance, decr pressure
D: 1 d (mane). 2.5-5mg od increase over 1-2 weeks to max of 10mg
A:periph oedema, palpitations, h/ache,, dizzy, flush
R: peripheral oedema, hypotension (v low), difficulty breathing
M: A/E such as swell, BP, Angina Sx
L: angina - use of relief; exercise. HTN - SNAP. Arrhythmias (things that worsen - pseudo, caffeine)

Front 18

Pravastatin
(Pravachol, Lipostat, Cholstat)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 18

C: HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitor
I: hyperchol, post MI, unstable angina
MoA:inhib HMG CoA reductase (imp for cholesterol synthesis)
D: 1 nocte (5, 10, 20, 40, 80) increase dose after 4 weeks if nec
A: myalgia, GI Sx, h/ache insomnia, dizzy, incr aminotransferases; hair loss
R: myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, rennail failure, hepatitis. If urine dark brown or muscke painn tenderness or weakness
M: CK, LFT, lipid levels.
L: avoid grapefruit juice can incr amt drug in blood (incr A/E) lose weight eat healthy etc

Front 19

Warfarin
(Coumadin, Marevan)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 19

C: Vitamin K antagonist
I: prevention of PE, VTE, 1' 2' stroke Px
MoA: Inhib synthesis of Vitamin K dependent clotting factors
D: once daily (INR 2-3) pm
A: bleeding/bruising;; skin necrosis, hypersensitivity
R: allergic rxn, bleed in stools, bleed and won't stop.
M: INR
L: diet, same brand, avoid cranberry, tell all doctors/dentists on it, need regular blood tests, tell dr if ill/diarrhoea, vom, infection, fever. red pee, poo extreme painful bleeding

Front 20

Clopidogrel
(Iscover, Plavix, Clovix)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 20

C: anti-platelet. Thienopyridine
I: Px vascular ischaemic event in pt w sxatic arthrosclerosis (stroke, MI), Px thromboembolism after stent
MoA: inhibits platelet aggregation
D: 1 daily (75mg)
A: bleeding, diarrhoea; GI ulcer
R: svr skin reactions,
M: anaemia if bleeding, Fe, FBP, WCC
L: SNAP

Front 21

Perindopril + Indapamide
(Coversyl Plus, Perindo Combi)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 21

C: ACEI + Thiazide diuretic
I: HTN, HF, post MI, reduce CV events
MoA: block Ang1->Ang2 reduce effect of Ang2 induced vasoconstriction, Na retentino +aldosterone rls. inhib reabs of salts, salts out water out, decr load for heart to pump
D: 1 daily (5/2.5, 5/1.25)
A: cough, HoTN, hyperkal? h/ache, dizzy; rash::: dizzy, weak, pee lots
R: BP not improve, gout Sx, jaundice
M: BP, Urea + electrolytes, FBP, WCC
L: worsen gout, SNAP

Front 22

Felodipine
(Plendil ER, Felodur ER, Felodil)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 22

C: CCB
I: HTN, Angina
MoA: blocks CChannels on vascular smooth muscle, decr vasc resistance, decr pressure
D: 1 d (mane). 5mg od maintain 5-10, max 20mg
A:periph oedema, palpitations, h/ache, dizzy, flush
R: peripheral oedema +pain, hypotension (v low), dificulty breathing
M: A/E such as swell, BP, Angina Sx
L: angina - use of relief; exercise. HTN - SNAP.

Front 23

Diltiazem
(Cardizem CD, Vasocardol CD)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 23

C: CCB
I: HTN, Angina, atrial fibrillation
MoA: blocks CChannels on vascular + cardiac smooth muscle, decr vasc resistance, decr pressure
D: Angina (180-340mg od), HTN (180-240mg od max 360mg)
A:dihydropyridines + bradycardia; hepatitis, gingival hyperplasia
R: hard breathing, hypotension (v low) hepatitis (jaundice, pale poo)
M: A/E such as swell, BP, Angina Sx
L: angina - use of relief; exercise. HTN - SNAP. Arrhythmias (things that worsen - pseudo, caffeine)

Front 24

Aspirin
(Solprin, Astrix, Cartia)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 24

C: non-opioid analgesic, antiplatelet
I: Acute MI, unstable angina, 1' stroke Px, Px VTE, 2' Px IHD, pain
MoA: inhib platelet aggregation by blocking COX irreversably -> decr Thromboxane (inducer of platelet aggregation)
D: 100-150mg daily
A: increase bleed time; IDA
R: allergic (bronchospasm), blood in stools, severe skin rxns
M: for A/E
L: SNAP

Front 25

Frusemide
(Lasix, Urex, Frusid)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 25

C: Loop diuretic
I: Oedema assoc w HF, renal imp, hepatic cirrhosis
MoA:inhib reabs Na + Cl = inhib reabs of water
D: 20-40mg d or bd (max 1g d)
A: hypo-N, -K, -Mg, gout, dizzy, orthostatic HoTN
R: jaundice, svr skin rxns
M: LFT, FBP, urea + electrolytes, renal clearance
L: SNAP

Front 26

Metoprolol
(Betaloc, Lopressor, Metrol, Minax// Toprol XL)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 26

C: B blocker
I: HTN, Angina, Tachyarrhythmias, MI, Px migraine, stable HF w SAABGT
MoA: block B receptors in heart, periphery, bronchi, pancreas, uterus, kidney, brian + liver. reduce CO, reduction in LV work + O2 use -> decr HR,
D: HTN = 50-100mg od for 1 week then 50-100mg od/bd, Angina + MI start 25-50
A: ND, bronchospasm, dypsnoea, slow heart rate, HoTN, alter glucose + lipid metabolism; rash, psoriasis;
R: hypersensitive, if intolerant to A/E
M: BP, HR, ECG,
L: SNAP

Front 27

Isosorbide Mononitrate
(Imdur, Monodur)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 27

C: Nitrate
I:Px, Tx of angina, CHF, acute HF assoc w MI and unstable angina
MoA: exogenous source of nitric oxide (mediates vasodilation), reduces venous return and preload to heart -> reduce myocardial O2 rqrmnt
D: initially 30-60mg od up to 120mg od
A: h/ache, flush, palpitations, ortho HoTN, faint, periph oedema
R: still getting frequent angina attacks,
M: Signs and Sx
L: take at time of day when angina most frequent. nitrate free period

Front 28

Verapamil
(Isoptin SR, Veracaps)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 28

C: CCB
I:tachyarrhythmia, AF, HTN, angina
MoA: CCB, less vasc smth muscle MORE reduces contractility of heart, HR and conduction
D: Angina, HTN -> 80mg bd/tds up to 160 bd/tds (CR = 180-240 od up to 240mg od/bd); Arrhythmias ->120-480mg in 2-3 ddd
A: periph oedema, rash h/ache, dizzy flush, incr liver enzymes, aV block, worsening HF; gingival hyperplasia
R: yellowing of sclera, pale poo
M: LFTs, ECG, BP
L: SNAP, swallow CR tabs whole. verapamil may incr effects of alcohol

Front 29

Candesartan
(Atacand)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 29

C:Ang2 receptor antaonist
I: HTN, HF
MoA: blocks Angtensin 2 binding stopping vasoconstriction Na reabs and alsdosterone rls
D: 1 daily (4,8,16,32). incr dose at interals of 2 weeks for HF
A: dizzy, h/ache, hyperK, rash
R: skin rxn, jaundice signs
M: LFTs, BP
L: SNAP, avoid K supplements

Front 30

GTN
(Nitroligual, Anginine, Nitro-Dur)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 30

C: Nitrate
I: Px + Tx of angina
MoA: exogenous source of nitric oxide (mediates vasodilation), reduces venous return and preload to heart -> reduce myocardial O2 rqrmnt
D: Acute angina: 300-600mcg tab rpt every 3-4 mins max of 2-3 tabs; spray = 1-2 sprays; Px Angina: 0.5-1 tab or 1 spray 5-10 mins b4 activity. Px of chronic angina: 5mg (up to 15mg) patch for up to 14hrs.
A: h/ache, flush, palpitations, ortho HoTN, faint, periph oedema
R: still getting frequent angina attacks,
M: Signs and Sx
L: take at time of day when angina most frequent. nitrate free period. Patch (clean dry skin chest upper arm). SL tabs or spray (sit or lie down - dizzy. call ambulance if svr, get worse quick or 10 mins. SL - can spit out if relieved, not too warm. Spray = priming)

Front 31

Nifedipine
(Adalat, Adalat Oros)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 31

C: CCB
I:HTN, angina
MoA: CCB, rlx vasc smth muscle -> decr peripheral resistance
D: Conventional 10-20mg bd up to 20-40 bd. CR: initially 20-30mg od up to max 90mg od (angina) or 120mg od (HTN)
A: periph oedema, rash h/ache, dizzy flush
R: severe HoTN - extreme fatigue/dizzy low BP
M: BP
L: SNAP, swallow CR tabs whole.

Front 32

Enalapril
(Renitec)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 32

C: ACE-I
I: HTN, HF, asymptomatic LV dysFn
MoA: block Ang1->Ang2 reducing effect of Ang2 induced vasoconstriction, Na retention + aldosterone rls
D: 5mg d increased over 1-2 weeks up to 10-40mg d as 1 or 2 doses. (HF start at 2.5 up to 20mg)
A: cough, hypotension, hyperkalaemia, h/ache, dizzy, fatigue, N, renal imp;, rash
RM: hepatitis LFTs, renal Fn and electrolytes before start ACEI
L: SNAP, avoid K supp, pregnancy

Front 33

Lercanidipine
(Zanidip, Lercan)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 33

C: CCB
I: mainly HTN, angina
MoA: CCB, rlx vasc smth muscle -> decr peripheral resistance
D: initially 10mg od increase after at least 2 weeks to max 20mg od
A: periph oedema, rash h/ache, dizzy flush
R: severe HoTN - extreme fatigue/dizzy low BP
M: BP
L: SNAP

Front 34

Telmisartan
(Micardis)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 34

C:Ang2 receptor antaonist
I: HTN, HF, Px cardiovascular risk in pts with CAD, PAD, high risk diabetes, previous stroke or TIA
MoA: blocks Angtensin 2 binding stopping vasoconstriction Na reabs and alsdosterone rls
D: 1 daily (40mg up to 80).
A: dizzy, h/ache, hyperK, rash
R: skin rxn, jaundice signs
M: LFTs, BP
L: SNAP, avoid K supplements

Front 35

Lisinopril
(Prinivil, Fibsol, Zestril, Lisodur)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 35

C: ACE-I
I: HTN, HF, post MI
MoA: block Ang1->Ang2 reducing effect of Ang2 induced vasoconstriction, Na retention + aldosterone rls
D: 5-10mg od increase intervals of 2-4 weeks up to 20mg od max 40mg. (HF initially 2.5 increased q4w up to 20mg) (Post MI start 5mg then 5mg after 24 hours then 10mg od for 6 weeks + continue in patients dev'ping HF)
A: cough, hypotension, hyperkalaemia, h/ache, dizzy, fatigue, N, renal imp;, rash
RM: hepatitis LFTs, renal Fn and electrolytes before start ACEI
L: SNAP, avoid K supp, pregnancy

Front 36

Candesartan + HCT
(Atacand Plus)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 36

C:Ang2 receptor antaonist +thiazide diuretic
I: HTN, HF
MoA: blocks Angtensin 2 binding stopping vasoconstriction Na reabs and alsdosterone rls
D: 1 daily (16/12.5, 32/12.5, 32/25)
A: dizzy, electrolyte disturbances, h/ache, hyperK, rash
R: skin rxn, jaundice signs, blood loss/stools + multiple ulcers unexplained
M: LFTs, BP, FBP
L: SNAP, avoid K supplements. if taking bd, take last dose before 6pm.

Front 37

Phenobarbitone
(Phenobarbitone)
Epilepsy

Back 37

C: Barbiturate
I: epilepsy
MoA:prolong inhibitory potential
D: 60-240mg od nocte
A: drowsy, confused, depressed, altered mood; decr BMD
R: svr skin rxns, abnormal bleeding, hepatitis
M: BMD, LFT. Conc TR = 10-40mg/mL
L:Vitamin D and Ca supplements to avoid osteoP, avoid activities causing head trauma, keep to ciracdian rhythm, keep healthy lifestyle

Front 38

Primidone
(Mysoline)
Epilepsy

Back 38

C: Barbiturate
I: epilepsy
MoA:prolong inhibitory potential
A: drowsy, confused, depressed, altered mood; decr BMD
R: svr skin rxns, abnormal bleeding, hepatitis
M: BMD, LFT
L:Vitamin D and Ca supplements to avoid osteoP, avoid activities causing head trauma, keep to ciracdian rhythm, keep healthy lifestyle

Front 39

Clobazam
(Frisium)
Epilepsy

Back 39

C: Benzodiazepine
I:epilepsy refractory to others
D: 5-10mg nocte up to 60mg d
L: epilepsy counselling

Front 40

Clonazepam
(Rivotril, Paxam)
Epilepsy

Back 40

C: Benzodiazepine
I: epilepsy refractory to others
D 0.5-1mg n for 4 days the incr over 2-4 weeks to 2-8mg n
L: epilepsy counselling

Front 41

Diazepam
(Antenex, Valium, Valpam)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 41

C: Benzodiazepine
I: muscle spasm, acute Tx seizures
D: Muscle spasm 2-15mg ddd up to 60mg d
M: sedation
L: epilepsy lifestyle

Front 42

Carbamazepine
(Tegretol)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 42

C: Antiepileptic
I: epilepsy, acute mania, neuropathic pain
MoA: prevent repetititive neuronal discharge
D: (E) 100mg bd incr by 100-200 q2-4 weeks up to 2 g daily (N) 50-100mg od/bd to 400-800mg ddd
A: drowsy, dizzy, blurred vision, h/ache, GI upset
R: bad skin rash, fever + mouth ulcers, easily bruise or bleeding
M: FBP, if low WCC monitor q2 weeks. Monitor skin runs, BMD
L: with food prevent tummy ache. Grapefruit juice. Vitamin D and Ca for prevention of low BMD/osteomalacia

Front 43

Antiepileptics

Back 43

Clobazam (Frisium)
Clonazepam (Paxam, Rivotril)
Diazepam (Valium)
Midazolam
Nitrazepam (Alodorm, Mogadon)

Acetazolamide (Diamox 250)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Teril 100/200/400)
Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
Gabapentin (Neurontin, Gabatine, Gantin 100/300/400/600/800)
Lacosamide (Vimpat 50/100/150/200)
Lamotrigine (Lamicta, Lamogine, Seaze 2/5/25/50/100/200)
Levetiracetam (Kepcet, Kevtam, Keppra 250/500/1000)
Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal 150/300/600)
Phenytoin (Dilantin 30/100)
Pregabalin (Lyrica 25/75/150/300)
Sulthiame (Ospolot 50/200)
Tiagabine (Gabitril 5/10/15)
Topiramate (Topamax, Epiramax, Tamate 25/50/100/200)
Valproate (Valprease, Epilim, Valpro 100/200/500)
Vigabatril (Sabril)
Zonisamide (Zonegron 25/50/100)

Front 44

Gabapentin
(Gabatine, Neurontin, Gantin)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 44

C: Antiepileptic
I: Partial seizures, Neuropathic Pain
MoA: Unknown, related to GABA
D: (E) 300mg on the first day nocte, incr by 300mg d in 3 doses
A: fatigue, dizzy, double vision, amnesia, HTN wt gain,
R: jaundice, allergic rxn
L: avoid stopping abruptly (week reduction)

Front 45

Lamotrigine
(Lamogine, Seaze, Lamictal)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 45

C: Antiepileptic
I: partial and gen seizures
MoA: stabilises neuronal membranes
D:25mg od 2 weeks then 50mg 2 weeks then incr by 50-100 q 1-2 weeks
A:visual disturbances, dizzy, NV,; hair loss
R: severe skin reactions, rash fever, swollen glands. don't stop abruptly (unless svr sk rxn)

Front 46

Phenytoin
(Dilantin)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 46

C: Antiepileptic
I: Epilepsy
MoA: preventes repetitive neuronal discharge
D: initially 4-5mg/kg daily in 1-2 doses, incr by 30mg d q2 weeks depending (TR 10-20mg/L)
A: NV insomnia, sedation, confusion, visual disturb, behavioural disturb, gingival hypertrophy;; osteomalacia
R: blood dyscrasias (immune + bleeding), hyperglycaemia, svr skin rxns,
M: Ther Range, BGL, BMD monitor,
L: Vit D + Ca. drowsy, many interactions, visit dentist regularly (dental hygiene)

Front 47

Pregabalin
(Lyrica)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 47

C: Antiepileptic
I: Partial seizure, Neuropathic Pain
MoA: reduces Ca influx, decr rls of neurotransmitters
D: (E) 75mg bd then increase afer 7 days to 150mg bd max 300mg bd (N) 75mg bd - 150mg bd - 300mg bd; increase after 3-7 days
A: dizzy, drowsy, visual disturb, memory impaired, wt gain, periph oedema; depression, agitation, HTN, tachy, HF, myalgia
R: neutropaemia, rhabdomyolysis
M: A/Es
L: dont stop suddenly. epilepsy lifestyle advice

Front 48

Topiramate
(Topamax, Epiramax)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 48

C:Antiepileptic
I:Partial seizures and gen TC seizures; Px migraine
MoA: stabilises neuronal membrane
D: (E) 25-50mg nocte incr daily by 25-100 per week (MPx)25mg n incr by 25 per week
A: fatigue, h/ache, amnesia, depression/nervous, wt loss; psychosis
R: hepatitis, decrease sweat incr temp, acute myopea -> ACAG
M: serum bicarb conc baseline and periodically (met acidosis), monitor decr sweat and hypertherm esp summer
L: drowsy dizzy, avoid alc, tell dr if eyesight changes/eye pain, drink enough water daily. may reduce or prevent sweating - affects body's way of cooling down tell dr

Front 49

Valproate
(Epilim, Valprease)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 49

C: Antiepileptic
I: First line Prim generalised epilepsy, Bipolar, Migraine Px
MoA: prevent repetitive neuronal discharge
D: (E, B) 600mg in 2 doses incr q3 days by 200mg daily (MPx) 200-400mg bd
A: NV incr app and wt, tremor, drowsy, ABNORMAL bleed time
R: heapatitis, pancreatitis, sore throat/infection/ulcers, bleeding abnormally
M: BMD, LFTs,
L: Ca Vit D, with food to prevent stomach upset, drowsy, appetite may increase so pay more attn to foods eaten, exercise

Front 50

Cabergoline
(Cabaser, Bergoline, Cobasol)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 50

C: Ergot-derived DA agonist
I: Parkinson's Disease
MoA: stimulates DA receptors
D: 0.5-1mg od increase q1-2 weeks by 0.5-1mg up to 3mg od
A:NV abd pain, dizzy ortho HoTN, cardiac fibrosis, impulse control disorders
R: impulse control disorders (high DA)
M: LFTs,
L: take with food, starting with note, OHoTN

Front 51

Pramipexole
(Sifrol)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 51

C: Non Ergot Dopamine agonist
I: PD. RLS
MoA: dopamine agonist
D: 125ug tds for 1 week, 250ug tds for a week then 500ug tds if nec incr by 250ugtds weekly max 1.5mg tds (RLS) 125ug an 2-3h before bed
A: NV abd pain, C, OHoTN, nasal cong, drowsy, schizo Sx
R: impulse control disorders (gamble shopping)
L: may need antinauseant if an issue, swallow dont crush

Front 52

Benztropine
(Benztrop)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 52

C: Anticholinergic
I: PD, drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders
MoA: block muscarinic actions of acetylcholine -> less stimulation, less jerky movements
D: (PD) 0.5-1mg d increase gradually up to 6mg d
A:dry mouth, constipation, NV, blur vision, dry eyes, dizzy h/ache memory impaired insomnia
R:hypersensitivity rxns worsening dyskinesia, severe eye pain
M: IOP
L:don't stop taking med suddenly, can make drowsy

Front 53

Biperiden
(Akineton)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 53

C: Anticholinergic
I: PD, drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders
MoA: block muscarinic actions of acetylcholine -> less stimulation, less jerky movements
D: (PD) 1mg bd increase up to 1-4mg tds/qid
A:dry mouth, constipation, NV, blur vision, dry eyes, dizzy h/ache memory impaired insomnia
R:hypersensitivity rxns worsening dyskinesia, severe eye pain
M: IOP
L:don't stop taking med suddenly, can make drowsy

Front 54

Amantadine
(Symmetrel)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 54

C:
I: Parkinsons Disease
MoA: Increase DA release and blocks cholinergic receptors
D: 100mg od increase at least a week to 100mg bd up to 100mg tds (>65yo 100mg od) cc
A: nervous, depression, nightmares, insomnia, blur vision dry mouth etc
R: seizures, true eye pain, GI bleed (blood in stools)
M: IOP,
L: incr seizure risk, with food, don't stop taking abruptly (may get signs of NMS)

Front 55

Levodopa
(Madopars, Sinemets, Stalevos)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 55

C: Dopamine precursor
I: PD
MoA: dopamine precursor
D: 50-100mg tds incr gradually yp to 2g ddd (CR - same daily LD dose and freq then incr q2-3 days according to response)
A: anorexia, NV OHoTN, "off" effect (sudden loss of movement); dark urine and sweat
R: impulse control disorders (gamble shopping)
M: IOP,
L: food reduces abs but may need it to start and then later on try without (w medical supervision). Don't stop rapidly

Front 56

Ergotamine
(Cafergot S)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 56

C: Ergot Alkaloid
I: acute relief of migraine + cluster h/aches
MoA: arterial and venous vasoconstrictors
D: 1 suppos (2mg) asap then rpt prn after 30-60min. Max 6mg d, 10mg/ week, 2 courses in 1 month with a min of 4 days in between each course
A: NV abd pain, D, muscle pain, weak numb and tingling, cold extremities; angina, tachy
R: MI,
M: XS use for pleural fibrosis (lung fn?)
L: Migraine Px

Front 57

Eletriptan
(Relpax)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 57

C: Triptan
I: acute relief of migraine
MoA: vasoconstriction of cranial vessels
D: 40mg asap then rptd after 2 hours max 160mg daily
A: tingling sensations, heat, pain, flush dizzy, dry mouth; rash
R: tight chest/heaviness, MI, anaphylaxis
M:BP
L: if no relief after first dose, dont repeat. Migraine Px

Front 58

Naratriptan
(Naramig)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 58

C: Triptan
I: acute relief of migraine
MoA: 5HT1B/D agonist - vasoconstriction of cranial vessels
D: 2.5mg asap then repeat after 4hrs if ned, Max 5mg daily
A: tingling sensations, heat, pain, flush dizzy, dry mouth; rash
R: tight chest/heaviness, MI, anaphylaxis
M:BP
L: if no relief after first dose, dont repeat. Migraine Px

Front 59

Rizatriptan
(Maxalt wafer)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 59

C: Triptan
I: acute relief of migraine
MoA: vasoconstriction of cranial vessels
D: 10mg asap then again prn after 2 hours. Max 30mg d
A: tingling sensations, heat, pain, flush dizzy, dry mouth; rash
R: tight chest/heaviness, MI, anaphylaxis
M:BP
L: if no relief after first dose, dont repeat. Migraine Px

Front 60

Sumatriptan
(Sumagran, Imigran)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 60

C: Triptan
I: acute relief of migraine
MoA: vasoconstriction of cranial vessels
D: 50-100mg then rpt prn 2hours max 300mg d . Intranasal - 10-20mg in 1 nostril then after 2 hrs prn 40mg d max
A: tingling sensations, heat, pain, flush dizzy, dry mouth; rash
R: tight chest/heaviness, MI, anaphylaxis
M:BP
L: if no relief after first dose, dont repeat. Migraine Px

Front 61

Zolmitriptan
(Zomig)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 61

C: Triptan
I: acute relief of migraine
MoA:vasoconstriction of cranial vessels
D: 50-100mg then rpt prn 2hours max 300mg d . Intranasal - 10-20mg in 1 nostril then after 2 hrs prn. 40mg d max
A: tingling sensations, heat, pain, flush dizzy, dry mouth; rash
R: tight chest/heaviness, MI, anaphylaxis
M:BP
L: if no relief after first dose, dont repeat. Migraine Px

Front 62

Methysergide
(Deseril)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 62

C:Ergot alkaloid
I: prevention of migraine and cluster headaches
MoA: 5HT2 antagonist, vasoconstriction
D: 1mg n increase to 1-2mg bd/tds
A: NV dizzy, drowsy insomnia, behavioural disturb, alopecia
R: heavy chest pain (angina)
M:
L: Migraine Px

Front 63

Pizotifen
(Sandomigran)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 63

C:5HT2 antagonist
I: Px migraine and cluster headaches
MoA: 5HT2 angag with antihistaminic and anticholinerigic pptz
D:0.5mg d nocte increase to 1.5mg d od or dd. Max 4.5mg in ddd
A:sedation, fatigue, N, wt gain
R:
M:
L: appetite may increase so u may need to pay more attn to what you eat. Migraine Px

Front 64

Donepezil
(Aricept)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 64

C: Anticholinesterase
I: Alzheimer's
MoA: decrease breakdown of ACh
D: 5mg od for min of 4 weeks then incr 10mg od if nec
A: NVD, anorexia, abd pain, h/ache, sleep disturbances, wt loss HTN
R:seizure, GI haemorrhage
M: BP
L: support groups for pt and carer

Front 65

Galantamine
(Reminyl, Galantyl)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 65

C: Anticholinesterase
I: Alzheimer's
MoA: decrease breakdown of ACh
D: 8mg od mane for min 4 weeks then 16mg od for min 4 weeks. Max 24mg od
A: NVD, anorexia, abd pain, h/ache, sleep disturbances, wt loss HTN
R:seizure, GI haemorrhage
M: BP
L: support groups for pt and carer

Front 66

Rivastigmine
(Exelon)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 66

C: Anticholinesterase
I: Alzheimer's
MoA: decrease breakdown of ACh
D: 1.5mg bd incr by 3mg q2 weeks max 6mg bd. Patch 1 4.6mg patch od incr to 1 9.5mg od after 4 weeks
A: NVD, anorexia, abd pain, h/ache, sleep disturbances, wt loss HTN
R:seizure, GI haemorrhage
M: BP
L: support groups for pt and carer