Top 100 Pbs Medications (2016)

Front 1

Paracetamol

(Panadol, Panamax)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 1

C:Non-opioid analgesic
I:Pain, fever
MoA: Unknown
D: 1-2 qid prn m8 (1g qid)
AE: increased aminotransferases
P: urticaria, hypersensitivity, liver failure Sx
L: pain management. compresses, RICE

Front 2

*******Codeine
(Linctus)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 2

C: opioid analgesic
I: mild to moderate pain
MoA: mimic endog opioids, activate opioid receptors which produce analgesia etc
D: 30-60mg q4h max 240mg/24h
AE: N/V/C, drowsiness
P: sedation and hard to rouse, difficulty breathing, shallow breathing, anaphylaxis (allergy)
L: high doses = prevent constipation, pain lifestyle e.g. RICE warm pack, cold pack

Front 3

Tramadol
(Tramal, Zydol)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 3

C: Opioid analgesic
I: Mod to severe pain
MoA: mimic endog opioids, activate opioid receptors which produce analgesia etc
D: 50-100mg q6-4h max 400mg/d
AE: N,V,C, drowsiness
P: sedation and hard to rouse, difficulty breathing, shallow breathing, anaphylaxis (allergy)
L: high doses = prevent constipation, pain lifestyle e.g. RICE warm pack, cold pack

Front 4

Oxycodone
(Oxycontin CR, Endone IR)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 4

C: Opioid analgesic
I: Mod to severe pain
MoA: Mimic endogenous opioids, activate opioid receptors which produce analgesia etc
D: IR- 5-15mg q4-6h, CR-total daily dose bd
AR: N/V/C, drowsiness
P: Sedation and hard to rouse, difficulty breathing, shallow breathing, anaphylaxis (allergy)
L: high doses = prevent constipation, pain lifestyle incl pain specialist

Front 5

Morphine
(MS Contin, Ordine)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 5

Class: Opioid analgesic
Indication: Mod to severe pain
MoA: mimic endogenous opioids, activate opioid receptors which produce analgesia etc
Dose: titrate dose to patients needs
AE: N/V/C, drowsiness
P: sedation and hard to rouse, difficulty breathing, shallow breathing, anaphylaxis (allergy)
L: high doses = prevent constipation, pain lifestyle

Front 6

Amoxycillin
(Amoxil)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 6

C: Penicillin
I: chronic bronchitis, acute bacterial otitis media, sinusitis, CAP
MoA: Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis
D: 250-500mg tds or 1g bd; 7.5-25mg/kg tds (up to 80-90mg/kg/day)
AE: GI Sx, rash/hypersensitivity
P: allergic hypersensitivity reaction
L: plenty of water, rest, paracetamol for fever, probiotics (2h after antibiotics)

Front 7

Cephalexin
(Keflex, Ialex)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 7

C: Cephalosporin
I: UTIs, Staph and strep for pts with mild-mod Pc allergy
MoA: interfere bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis --> cell lysis
D: (A) 250-500mg qid or 500-1000mg qid/bd; UTI Px 250mg n ; UTI Tx 500mg bd. (C) 6.5-12.5-25 mg/kg/dose q6h
AE: D/N/V, rash headache; blood dyscrasias; anaphylaxis
P: anaphylaxis/severe diarrhoea,
L: UTI -drink enough water daily, wipe back to front

Front 8

Amoxycillin with Clavulanic Acid
(Augmentin Duo, Moxiclav Duo)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 8

C: Pc/clavulanic acid
I: HAP, UTI, Otitis media, acute bacterial sinusitis
MoA: interfere bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis --> cell lysis. Clav acid inhibits B-lactamase
D: with or soon after food until all taken (A) 500-875mg bd for 5-10days (C) >1 month: 10-15 up to 20mg/kg tid, max 500mg; >2 month: 22.5mg/kg bd, max 875mg, >40kg = adult dose
AE: D/N/V, rash
P: anaphylaxis/severe diarrhoea (CDAD)
L: UTI -drink enough water daily, wipe back to front

Front 9

Roxithromycin
(Rulide)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 9

C: Macrolide
I: URTIs, LRTIs, CAP, recurrent tonsillitis, skin infections
MoA: bacteriostatic, inhibit protein synthesis
D: (A) 150mg bd or 300mg od (C) 2.5-4mg/kg bd. Best taken on empty stomach (if makes u feel sick then with food)
AE: GI (N/V/D abd pain cramps), candidal infections; rash h/ache;
P: hypersensitivity, CDAD, hepatitis,QT
L: counsel for indication

Front 10

Doxycycline
(Doxsig, Doryx)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 10

C: Tetracycline
I:RTIs, Acne, Malaria Px
MoA: bacteriostatic, inhibit protein sythesis
D: 200mg stat then 100mg od. Acne = 50mg od; Malaria 1 d for 2d b4, during +2-4 weeks after
AE: N/V/D, epigastric burn, tooth discolour, photosensitive; rash, fungal overgrowth
P: CDAD, oesophageal ulcer (weak), hepatitis, anaphylaxis
L: drink with plenty water and upright for 30-60 mins after. best mane.

Front 11

****Cefaclor
(Ceclor-CD, Karlor)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 11

C: cephalosporins
I: otitis media, RTIs, bacterial sinusitis
MoA: bactericidal
D: (A) 250-500mg tds or 375-750mg bd max 4g daily (C) 10-15mg/kg tds or 20mg/kg bd max 1g/dose
A: DNV, rash h/ache; serum sickness like syndrome
RM: SSLS (skin eruptions, arthralgia), CDAD, blood dyscrasias, bleeding anaphylaxis
L: for indication. tablets take with food and until complete

Front 12

Atorvastatin
(Lipitor, Trovas)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 12

C: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
I: hyperchol, mixed hyperlipidaemia, high risk for CAD, HTN pts with risks for heart disease
MoA: inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
D: 1 daily (10, 20, 40, 80); increase dose after 4 weeks if nec
AE: myalgia, GI Sx, h/ache, insomnia, dizzy, incr aminotransferases; hair loss
P: myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure hepatitis
L: avoid grapefruit juice, muscle pain, liver signs

Front 13

Simvastatin
(Zocor, Lipex, Simvar)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 13

C: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
I: hyperchol, mixed hyperlipidaemia, high risk for CAD, HTN pts with risks for heart disease
MoA: inhibit HMG CoA reductase
D: 1 nocte (10.20.40.80); increase dose after 4 weeks if nec
AE: myalgia, GI Sx, h/ache, insomnia, dizzy, incr aminotransferases; hair loss
P: myopathy, rhabdo, renal failure hepatitis
L: avoid grapefruit juice, muscles, Liver signs

Front 14

Irbesartan
(Avapro, Karvea)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 14

C: Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist
I: HTN, HF
MoA: blocks Ang II binding to AT receptors --> vasoconstriction, Na reabs, aldosterone rls
D: 1 d; usu 150mg increase to 300mg
AE: dizzy, h/ache/ hyperkalaemia; 1st dose hypo, rash D, dyspepsia
P: hepatitis sx, African
L: avoid K supp, dizzy; Salt, exercise, diet

Front 15

Ramipril
(Tritace)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 15

C: ACE-I
I: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, post MI, reduce risk of CV events
MoA: block Ang1->Ang2 reducing effect of Ang2 induced vasoconstriction, Na retention + aldosterone rls
D: 2.5mg od (mane) increase after 2-3 weeks to 5 if nec, up to 10mg d in 1-2 doses.
AE: cough, hypotension, hyperkalaemia, h/ache, dizzy, fatigue, N, renal imp; rash
P:Renal, Angioedema, African, NSAIDS
L: avoid K supp, pregnancy avoid, dizziness

Front 16

Perindopril
(Coversyl)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 16

C: ACE-I
I: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, post MI, reduce risk of CV events
MoA: block Ang1->Ang2 reducing effect of Ang2 induced vasoconstriction, Na retention + aldosterone rls
D: initially 5mg od max 10mg od (2.5mg for risk hypotension or initial for Renal Imp).
AE: cough, hypotension, hyperkalaemia, h/ache, dizzy, fatigue, N, renal imp; rash
P: Renal, Angioedema, Afircan, NSAIDS
L: avoid K supp, pregnancy, dizziness

Front 17

Amlodipine
(Norvasc, Amlo)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 17

C: CCB
I: HTN, Angina, Tachyarrhythmia
MoA: blocks CChannels on vascular smooth muscle, decr vasc resistance, decr pressure
D: 1 d (mane). 2.5-5mg od increase over 1-2 weeks to max of 10mg
AE:periph oedema, palpitations, h/ache,, dizzy, flush
R: peripheral oedema, hypotension (v low), difficulty breathing
L: angina - use of relief; exercise. HTN - SNAP. Arrhythmias (things that worsen - pseudo, caffeine)

Front 18

Pravastatin
(Pravachol, Lipostat, Cholstat)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 18

C: HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitor
I: hyperchol, post MI, unstable angina
MoA:inhib HMG CoA reductase (imp for cholesterol synthesis)
D: 1 nocte (5, 10, 20, 40, 80) increase dose after 4 weeks if nec
A: myalgia, GI Sx, h/ache insomnia, dizzy, incr aminotransferases; hair loss
R: myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, rennail failure, hepatitis. If urine dark brown or muscke painn tenderness or weakness
M: CK, LFT, lipid levels.
L: avoid grapefruit juice can incr amt drug in blood (incr A/E) lose weight eat healthy etc

Front 19

Warfarin
(Coumadin, Marevan)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 19

C: Vitamin K antagonist
I: prevention of PE, VTE, 1' 2' stroke Px
MoA: Inhib synthesis of Vitamin K dependent clotting factors
D: Once daily (INR 2-3) pm
A: bleeding/bruising;; skin necrosis, hypersensitivity
P: allergic rxn, bleed in stools, bleeding
L: diet, same brand, avoid cranberry, tell all doctors/dentists on it, need regular blood tests, tell dr if ill/diarrhoea, vom, infection, fever, blood in excrements

Front 20

Clopidogrel
(Iscover, Plavix)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 20

C: anti-platelet (P2Y12). Thienopyridine
I: Px vascular ischaemic event in pt w sxatic arthrosclerosis (stroke, MI), Px thromboembolism after stent
MoA: inhibits platelet aggregation
D: 1 daily (75mg)
AE: Skin reaction, bleeding, diarrhoea, GI ulcer
P: Svr skin reactions, Bleeding
L: Avoid grapefruit juice

Front 21

Perindopril + Indapamide
(Coversyl Plus, Perindo Combi)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 21

C: ACEI + Thiazide diuretic
I: HTN, HF, post MI, reduce CV events
MoA: block Ang1->Ang2 reduce effect of Ang2 induced vasoconstriction, Na retentino +aldosterone rls. inhib reabs of salts, salts out water out, decr load for heart to pump
D: 1 daily (5/2.5, 5/1.25)
A: cough, HoTN, hyperkal? h/ache, dizzy; rash::: dizzy, weak, pee lots
R: BP not improve, gout Sx, jaundice
M: BP, Urea + electrolytes, FBP, WCC
L: worsen gout, SNAP

Front 22

Felodipine
(Plendil ER, Felodur ER, Felodil)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 22

C: CCB
I: HTN, Angina
MoA: blocks CChannels on vascular smooth muscle, decr vasc resistance, decr pressure
D: 1 d (mane). 5mg od maintain 5-10, max 20mg
A:periph oedema, palpitations, h/ache, dizzy, flush
R: peripheral oedema +pain, hypotension (v low), dificulty breathing
M: A/E such as swell, BP, Angina Sx
L: angina - use of relief; exercise. HTN - SNAP.

Front 23

Diltiazem
(Cardizem CD, Vasocardol CD)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 23

C: CCB
I: HTN, Angina, atrial fibrillation
MoA: blocks CChannels on vascular + cardiac smooth muscle, decr vasc resistance, decr pressure
D: Angina (180-340mg od), HTN (180-240mg od max 360mg)
A:dihydropyridines + bradycardia; hepatitis, gingival hyperplasia
R: hard breathing, hypotension (v low) hepatitis (jaundice, pale poo)
M: A/E such as swell, BP, Angina Sx
L: angina - use of relief; exercise. HTN - SNAP. Arrhythmias (things that worsen - pseudo, caffeine)

Front 24

Aspirin
(Solprin, Astrix, Cartia)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 24

C: non-opioid analgesic, antiplatelet
I: Acute MI, unstable angina, 1' stroke Px, Px VTE, 2' Px IHD, pain
MoA: inhib platelet aggregation by blocking COX irreversably -> decr Thromboxane (inducer of platelet aggregation)
D: 100-150mg daily
A: increase bleed time; IDA
R: allergic (bronchospasm), blood in stools, severe skin rxns
M: for A/E
L: SNAP

Front 25

Frusemide
(Lasix, Urex)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 25

C: Loop diuretic
I: Oedema assoc w HF, renal imp, hepatic cirrhosis
MoA:inhib reabs Na + Cl = inhib reabs of water
D: 20-40mg d or bd (max 1g d)
AE: hypo-N, -K, -Mg, gout, dizzy, orthostatic HoTN
P: jaundice, svr skin rxns, Gout
L: Take earlier in the day, Dizziness

Front 26

Metoprolol Tartrate
(Betaloc, Minax)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 26

C: B blocker
I: HTN, Angina, Tachyarrhythmias, MI, Px migraine, stable HF w SAABGT
MoA: block B receptors in heart, periphery, bronchi, pancreas, uterus, kidney, brian + liver. reduce CO, reduction in LV work + O2 use -> decr HR,
D: HTN = 50-100mg od for 1 week then 50-100mg od/bd, Angina + MI start 25-50
AE: ND, bronchospasm, dypsnoea, slow heart rate, HoTN, alter glucose + lipid metabolism; rash, psoriasis;
P: hypersensitive, if intolerant to A/E
L: Make sure other HF treatments are optimised before starting, dizziness

Front 27

Isosorbide Mononitrate
(Imdur, Monodur)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 27

C: Nitrate
I:Px, Tx of angina, CHF, acute HF assoc w MI and unstable angina
MoA: exogenous source of nitric oxide (mediates vasodilation), reduces venous return and preload to heart -> reduce myocardial O2 rqrmnt
D: initially 30-60mg od up to 120mg od
AE: h/ache, flush, palpitations, ortho HoTN, faint, periph oedema
P: still getting frequent angina attacks, HoTN
L: take at time of day when angina most frequent. nitrate free period

Front 28

Verapamil
(Isoptin SR, Veracaps)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 28

C: CCB
I:tachyarrhythmia, AF, HTN, angina
MoA: CCB, less vasc smth muscle MORE reduces contractility of heart, HR and conduction
D: Angina, HTN -> 80mg bd/tds up to 160 bd/tds (CR = 180-240 od up to 240mg od/bd); Arrhythmias ->120-480mg in 2-3 ddd
A: periph oedema, rash h/ache, dizzy flush, incr liver enzymes, aV block, worsening HF; gingival hyperplasia
R: yellowing of sclera, pale poo
M: LFTs, ECG, BP
L: SNAP, swallow CR tabs whole. verapamil may incr effects of alcohol

Front 29

Candesartan
(Atacand)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 29

C:Ang2 receptor antaonist
I: HTN, HF
MoA: blocks Angtensin 2 binding stopping vasoconstriction Na reabs and alsdosterone rls
D: 1 daily (4,8,16,32). incr dose at interals of 2 weeks for HF
A: dizzy, h/ache, hyperK, rash
R: skin rxn, jaundice signs
M: LFTs, BP
L: SNAP, avoid K supplements

Front 30

GTN
(Nitroligual, Anginine, Nitro-Dur)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 30

C: Nitrate
I: Px + Tx of angina
MoA: exogenous source of nitric oxide (mediates vasodilation), reduces venous return and preload to heart -> reduce myocardial O2 rqrmnt
D: Acute angina: 300-600mcg tab rpt every 3-4 mins max of 2-3 tabs; spray = 1-2 sprays; Px Angina: 0.5-1 tab or 1 spray 5-10 mins b4 activity. Px of chronic angina: 5mg (up to 15mg) patch for up to 14hrs.
A: h/ache, flush, palpitations, ortho HoTN, faint, periph oedema
R: still getting frequent angina attacks,
M: Signs and Sx
L: take at time of day when angina most frequent. nitrate free period. Patch (clean dry skin chest upper arm). SL tabs or spray (sit or lie down - dizzy. call ambulance if svr, get worse quick or 10 mins. SL - can spit out if relieved, not too warm. Spray = priming)

Front 31

Nifedipine
(Adalat, Adalat Oros)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 31

C: CCB
I:HTN, angina
MoA: CCB, rlx vasc smth muscle -> decr peripheral resistance
D: Conventional 10-20mg bd up to 20-40 bd. CR: initially 20-30mg od up to max 90mg od (angina) or 120mg od (HTN)
A: periph oedema, rash h/ache, dizzy flush
R: severe HoTN - extreme fatigue/dizzy low BP
M: BP
L: SNAP, swallow CR tabs whole.

Front 32

Enalapril
(Renitec)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 32

C: ACE-I
I: HTN, HF, asymptomatic LV dysFn
MoA: block Ang1->Ang2 reducing effect of Ang2 induced vasoconstriction, Na retention + aldosterone rls
D: 5mg d increased over 1-2 weeks up to 10-40mg d as 1 or 2 doses. (HF start at 2.5 up to 20mg)
AE: cough, hypotension, hyperkalaemia, h/ache, dizzy, fatigue, N, renal imp; rash
P: Renal, Angioedema, Afircan, NSAIDS
L: SNAP, avoid K supp, pregnancy

Front 33

Lercanidipine
(Zanidip, Lercan)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 33

C: CCB
I: mainly HTN, angina
MoA: CCB, rlx vasc smth muscle -> decr peripheral resistance
D: initially 10mg od increase after at least 2 weeks to max 20mg od
AE: periph oedema, rash h/ache, dizzy flush
P: severe HoTN - extreme fatigue/dizzy low BP
L: 15min before food

Front 34

Telmisartan
(Micardis)
C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 34

C:Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist
I: HTN, HF, Px cardiovascular risk in pts with CAD, PAD, high risk diabetes, previous stroke or TIA
MoA: blocks Ang II binding to AT receptors --> vasoconstriction, Na reabs, aldosterone rls, HCT inhibits reabsorption of Na and Cl
D: 1 daily (40mg up to 80).
AE: dizzy, h/ache/ hyperkalaemia; 1st dose hypo, rash D, dyspepsia

P: hepatitis sx, African

L: avoid K supp, dizzy; Salt, exercise, diet

Front 35

Lisinopril
(Prinivil, Fibsol, Zestril, Lisodur)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 35

C: ACE-I
I: HTN, HF, post MI
MoA: block Ang1->Ang2 reducing effect of Ang2 induced vasoconstriction, Na retention + aldosterone rls
D: 5-10mg od increase intervals of 2-4 weeks up to 20mg od max 40mg. (HF initially 2.5 increased q4w up to 20mg) (Post MI start 5mg then 5mg after 24 hours then 10mg od for 6 weeks + continue in patients dev'ping HF)
A: cough, hypotension, hyperkalaemia, h/ache, dizzy, fatigue, N, renal imp;, rash
RM: hepatitis LFTs, renal Fn and electrolytes before start ACEI
L: SNAP, avoid K supp, pregnancy

Front 36

Candesartan + HCT
(Atacand Plus)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 36

C:Ang2 receptor antaonist +thiazide diuretic
I: HTN, HF
MoA: blocks Angtensin 2 binding stopping vasoconstriction Na reabs and alsdosterone rls
D: 1 daily (16/12.5, 32/12.5, 32/25)
A: dizzy, electrolyte disturbances, h/ache, hyperK, rash
R: skin rxn, jaundice signs, blood loss/stools + multiple ulcers unexplained
M: LFTs, BP, FBP
L: SNAP, avoid K supplements. if taking bd, take last dose before 6pm.

Front 37

Phenobarbitone
(Phenobarbitone)
Epilepsy

Back 37

C: Barbiturate
I: epilepsy
MoA:prolong inhibitory potential
D: 60-240mg od nocte
A: drowsy, confused, depressed, altered mood; decr BMD
R: svr skin rxns, abnormal bleeding, hepatitis
M: BMD, LFT. Conc TR = 10-40mg/mL
L:Vitamin D and Ca supplements to avoid osteoP, avoid activities causing head trauma, keep to ciracdian rhythm, keep healthy lifestyle

Front 38

Primidone
(Mysoline)
Epilepsy

Back 38

C: Barbiturate
I: epilepsy
MoA:prolong inhibitory potential
A: drowsy, confused, depressed, altered mood; decr BMD
R: svr skin rxns, abnormal bleeding, hepatitis
M: BMD, LFT
L:Vitamin D and Ca supplements to avoid osteoP, avoid activities causing head trauma, keep to ciracdian rhythm, keep healthy lifestyle

Front 39

Clobazam
(Frisium)
Epilepsy

Back 39

C: Benzodiazepine
I:epilepsy refractory to others
D: 5-10mg nocte up to 60mg d
L: epilepsy counselling

Front 40

Clonazepam
(Rivotril, Paxam)
Epilepsy

Back 40

C: Benzodiazepine
I: epilepsy refractory to others
D 0.5-1mg n for 4 days the incr over 2-4 weeks to 2-8mg n
L: epilepsy counselling

Front 41

Diazepam
(Antenex, Valium, Valpam)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 41

C: Benzodiazepine
I: muscle spasm, acute Tx seizures
D: Muscle spasm 2-15mg ddd up to 60mg d
M: sedation
L: epilepsy lifestyle

Front 42

Carbamazepine
(Tegretol)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 42

C: Antiepileptic
I: epilepsy, acute mania, neuropathic pain
MoA: prevent repetititive neuronal discharge
D: (E) 100mg bd incr by 100-200 q2-4 weeks up to 2 g daily (N) 50-100mg od/bd to 400-800mg ddd
A: drowsy, dizzy, blurred vision, h/ache, GI upset
R: bad skin rash, fever + mouth ulcers, easily bruise or bleeding
M: FBP, if low WCC monitor q2 weeks. Monitor skin runs, BMD
L: with food prevent tummy ache. Grapefruit juice. Vitamin D and Ca for prevention of low BMD/osteomalacia

Front 43

Antiepileptics

Back 43

Clobazam (Frisium)
Clonazepam (Paxam, Rivotril)
Diazepam (Valium)
Midazolam
Nitrazepam (Alodorm, Mogadon)

Acetazolamide (Diamox 250)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Teril 100/200/400)
Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
Gabapentin (Neurontin, Gabatine, Gantin 100/300/400/600/800)
Lacosamide (Vimpat 50/100/150/200)
Lamotrigine (Lamicta, Lamogine, Seaze 2/5/25/50/100/200)
Levetiracetam (Kepcet, Kevtam, Keppra 250/500/1000)
Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal 150/300/600)
Phenytoin (Dilantin 30/100)
Pregabalin (Lyrica 25/75/150/300)
Sulthiame (Ospolot 50/200)
Tiagabine (Gabitril 5/10/15)
Topiramate (Topamax, Epiramax, Tamate 25/50/100/200)
Valproate (Valprease, Epilim, Valpro 100/200/500)
Vigabatril (Sabril)
Zonisamide (Zonegron 25/50/100)

Front 44

Gabapentin
(Gabatine, Neurontin, Gantin)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 44

C: Antiepileptic
I: Partial seizures, Neuropathic Pain
MoA: Unknown, related to GABA
D: (E) 300mg on the first day nocte, incr by 300mg d in 3 doses
A: fatigue, dizzy, double vision, amnesia, HTN wt gain,
R: jaundice, allergic rxn
L: avoid stopping abruptly (week reduction)

Front 45

Lamotrigine
(Lamogine, Seaze, Lamictal)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 45

C: Antiepileptic
I: partial and gen seizures
MoA: stabilises neuronal membranes
D:25mg od 2 weeks then 50mg 2 weeks then incr by 50-100 q 1-2 weeks
A:visual disturbances, dizzy, NV,; hair loss
R: severe skin reactions, rash fever, swollen glands. don't stop abruptly (unless svr sk rxn)

Front 46

Phenytoin
(Dilantin)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 46

C: Antiepileptic
I: Epilepsy
MoA: preventes repetitive neuronal discharge
D: initially 4-5mg/kg daily in 1-2 doses, incr by 30mg d q2 weeks depending (TR 10-20mg/L)
A: NV insomnia, sedation, confusion, visual disturb, behavioural disturb, gingival hypertrophy;; osteomalacia
R: blood dyscrasias (immune + bleeding), hyperglycaemia, svr skin rxns,
M: Ther Range, BGL, BMD monitor,
L: Vit D + Ca. drowsy, many interactions, visit dentist regularly (dental hygiene)

Front 47

Pregabalin
(Lyrica)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 47

C: Antiepileptic
I: Partial seizure, Neuropathic Pain
MoA: reduces Ca influx, decr rls of neurotransmitters
D: (E) 75mg bd then increase afer 7 days to 150mg bd max 300mg bd (N) 75mg bd - 150mg bd - 300mg bd; increase after 3-7 days
A: dizzy, drowsy, visual disturb, memory impaired, wt gain, periph oedema; depression, agitation, HTN, tachy, HF, myalgia
R: neutropaemia, rhabdomyolysis
M: A/Es
L: dont stop suddenly. epilepsy lifestyle advice

Front 48

Topiramate
(Topamax, Epiramax)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 48

C:Antiepileptic
I:Partial seizures and gen TC seizures; Px migraine
MoA: stabilises neuronal membrane
D: (E) 25-50mg nocte incr daily by 25-100 per week (MPx)25mg n incr by 25 per week
A: fatigue, h/ache, amnesia, depression/nervous, wt loss; psychosis
R: hepatitis, decrease sweat incr temp, acute myopea -> ACAG
M: serum bicarb conc baseline and periodically (met acidosis), monitor decr sweat and hypertherm esp summer
L: drowsy dizzy, avoid alc, tell dr if eyesight changes/eye pain, drink enough water daily. may reduce or prevent sweating - affects body's way of cooling down tell dr

Front 49

Valproate
(Epilim, Valprease)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 49

C: Antiepileptic
I: First line Prim generalised epilepsy, Bipolar, Migraine Px
MoA: prevent repetitive neuronal discharge
D: (E, B) 600mg in 2 doses incr q3 days by 200mg daily (MPx) 200-400mg bd
A: NV incr app and wt, tremor, drowsy, ABNORMAL bleed time
R: heapatitis, pancreatitis, sore throat/infection/ulcers, bleeding abnormally
M: BMD, LFTs,
L: Ca Vit D, with food to prevent stomach upset, drowsy, appetite may increase so pay more attn to foods eaten, exercise

Front 50

Cabergoline
(Cabaser, Bergoline, Cobasol)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 50

C: Ergot-derived DA agonist
I: Parkinson's Disease
MoA: stimulates DA receptors
D: 0.5-1mg od increase q1-2 weeks by 0.5-1mg up to 3mg od
A:NV abd pain, dizzy ortho HoTN, cardiac fibrosis, impulse control disorders
R: impulse control disorders (high DA)
M: LFTs,
L: take with food, starting with note, OHoTN

Front 51

Pramipexole
(Sifrol)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 51

C: Non Ergot Dopamine agonist
I: PD. RLS
MoA: dopamine agonist
D: 125ug tds for 1 week, 250ug tds for a week then 500ug tds if nec incr by 250ugtds weekly max 1.5mg tds (RLS) 125ug an 2-3h before bed
A: NV abd pain, C, OHoTN, nasal cong, drowsy, schizo Sx
R: impulse control disorders (gamble shopping)
L: may need antinauseant if an issue, swallow dont crush

Front 52

Benztropine
(Benztrop)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 52

C: Anticholinergic
I: PD, drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders
MoA: block muscarinic actions of acetylcholine -> less stimulation, less jerky movements
D: (PD) 0.5-1mg d increase gradually up to 6mg d
A:dry mouth, constipation, NV, blur vision, dry eyes, dizzy h/ache memory impaired insomnia
R:hypersensitivity rxns worsening dyskinesia, severe eye pain
M: IOP
L:don't stop taking med suddenly, can make drowsy

Front 53

Biperiden
(Akineton)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 53

C: Anticholinergic
I: PD, drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders
MoA: block muscarinic actions of acetylcholine -> less stimulation, less jerky movements
D: (PD) 1mg bd increase up to 1-4mg tds/qid
A:dry mouth, constipation, NV, blur vision, dry eyes, dizzy h/ache memory impaired insomnia
R:hypersensitivity rxns worsening dyskinesia, severe eye pain
M: IOP
L:don't stop taking med suddenly, can make drowsy

Front 54

Amantadine
(Symmetrel)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 54

C:
I: Parkinsons Disease
MoA: Increase DA release and blocks cholinergic receptors
D: 100mg od increase at least a week to 100mg bd up to 100mg tds (>65yo 100mg od) cc
A: nervous, depression, nightmares, insomnia, blur vision dry mouth etc
R: seizures, true eye pain, GI bleed (blood in stools)
M: IOP,
L: incr seizure risk, with food, don't stop taking abruptly (may get signs of NMS)

Front 55

Levodopa
(Madopars, Sinemets, Stalevos)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 55

C: Dopamine precursor
I: PD
MoA: dopamine precursor
D: 50-100mg tds incr gradually yp to 2g ddd (CR - same daily LD dose and freq then incr q2-3 days according to response)
A: anorexia, NV OHoTN, "off" effect (sudden loss of movement); dark urine and sweat
R: impulse control disorders (gamble shopping)
M: IOP,
L: food reduces abs but may need it to start and then later on try without (w medical supervision). Don't stop rapidly

Front 56

Ergotamine
(Cafergot S)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 56

C: Ergot Alkaloid
I: acute relief of migraine + cluster h/aches
MoA: arterial and venous vasoconstrictors
D: 1 suppos (2mg) asap then rpt prn after 30-60min. Max 6mg d, 10mg/ week, 2 courses in 1 month with a min of 4 days in between each course
A: NV abd pain, D, muscle pain, weak numb and tingling, cold extremities; angina, tachy
R: MI,
M: XS use for pleural fibrosis (lung fn?)
L: Migraine Px

Front 57

Eletriptan
(Relpax)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 57

C: Triptan
I: acute relief of migraine
MoA: vasoconstriction of cranial vessels
D: 40mg asap then rptd after 2 hours max 160mg daily
A: tingling sensations, heat, pain, flush dizzy, dry mouth; rash
R: tight chest/heaviness, MI, anaphylaxis
M:BP
L: if no relief after first dose, dont repeat. Migraine Px

Front 58

Naratriptan
(Naramig)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 58

C: Triptan
I: acute relief of migraine
MoA: 5HT1B/D agonist - vasoconstriction of cranial vessels
D: 2.5mg asap then repeat after 4hrs if ned, Max 5mg daily
A: tingling sensations, heat, pain, flush dizzy, dry mouth; rash
R: tight chest/heaviness, MI, anaphylaxis
M:BP
L: if no relief after first dose, dont repeat. Migraine Px

Front 59

Rizatriptan
(Maxalt wafer)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 59

C: Triptan
I: acute relief of migraine
MoA: vasoconstriction of cranial vessels
D: 10mg asap then again prn after 2 hours. Max 30mg d
A: tingling sensations, heat, pain, flush dizzy, dry mouth; rash
R: tight chest/heaviness, MI, anaphylaxis
M:BP
L: if no relief after first dose, dont repeat. Migraine Px

Front 60

Sumatriptan
(Sumagran, Imigran)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 60

C: Triptan
I: acute relief of migraine
MoA: vasoconstriction of cranial vessels
D: 50-100mg then rpt prn 2hours max 300mg d . Intranasal - 10-20mg in 1 nostril then after 2 hrs prn 40mg d max
A: tingling sensations, heat, pain, flush dizzy, dry mouth; rash
R: tight chest/heaviness, MI, anaphylaxis
M:BP
L: if no relief after first dose, dont repeat. Migraine Px

Front 61

Zolmitriptan
(Zomig)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 61

C: Triptan
I: acute relief of migraine
MoA:vasoconstriction of cranial vessels
D: 50-100mg then rpt prn 2hours max 300mg d . Intranasal - 10-20mg in 1 nostril then after 2 hrs prn. 40mg d max
A: tingling sensations, heat, pain, flush dizzy, dry mouth; rash
R: tight chest/heaviness, MI, anaphylaxis
M:BP
L: if no relief after first dose, dont repeat. Migraine Px

Front 62

Methysergide
(Deseril)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 62

C:Ergot alkaloid
I: prevention of migraine and cluster headaches
MoA: 5HT2 antagonist, vasoconstriction
D: 1mg n increase to 1-2mg bd/tds
A: NV dizzy, drowsy insomnia, behavioural disturb, alopecia
R: heavy chest pain (angina)
M:
L: Migraine Px

Front 63

Pizotifen
(Sandomigran)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 63

C:5HT2 antagonist
I: Px migraine and cluster headaches
MoA: 5HT2 angag with antihistaminic and anticholinerigic pptz
D:0.5mg d nocte increase to 1.5mg d od or dd. Max 4.5mg in ddd
A:sedation, fatigue, N, wt gain
R:
M:
L: appetite may increase so u may need to pay more attn to what you eat. Migraine Px

Front 64

Donepezil
(Aricept)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 64

C: Anticholinesterase
I: Alzheimer's
MoA: decrease breakdown of ACh
D: 5mg od for min of 4 weeks then incr 10mg od if nec
A: NVD, anorexia, abd pain, h/ache, sleep disturbances, wt loss HTN
R:seizure, GI haemorrhage
M: BP
L: support groups for pt and carer

Front 65

Galantamine
(Reminyl, Galantyl)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 65

C: Anticholinesterase
I: Alzheimer's
MoA: decrease breakdown of ACh
D: 8mg od mane for min 4 weeks then 16mg od for min 4 weeks. Max 24mg od
A: NVD, anorexia, abd pain, h/ache, sleep disturbances, wt loss HTN
R:seizure, GI haemorrhage
M: BP
L: support groups for pt and carer

Front 66

Rivastigmine
(Exelon)
C, I, MoA, D, A, R, M, L

Back 66

C: Anticholinesterase
I: Alzheimer's
MoA: decrease breakdown of ACh
D: 1.5mg bd incr by 3mg q2 weeks max 6mg bd. Patch 1 4.6mg patch od incr to 1 9.5mg od after 4 weeks
A: NVD, anorexia, abd pain, h/ache, sleep disturbances, wt loss HTN
R:seizure, GI haemorrhage
M: BP
L: support groups for pt and carer

Front 67

Buprenorphine

(Norspan)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 67

C: Opiod

I:Mod>Sev pain

MoA: mimic endogenous opioids

D:(patch) start at 5mcg/hr (SL) 200-400mcg q6-8h

AE: N/V/C, site reactions

P: Sedation, difficulty breathing, allergy

L: Rotate patch, avoid direct heat, do not cut

Front 68

Fentanyl

(Durogesic (P), Actiq(Loz))

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 68

C: Opiod

I:Mod>Sev pain

MoA: mimic endogenous opiods

D: (B-pain) 200mcg loz repeat once after 30 mins

AE: N/V/C, site reactions, bradycardia

P: Serotonin tox, Arrhythmias, Diabetes (loz)

L: Rotate patch, Laxatives, 3 days per patch, avoid direct heat, 15 min per loz

Front 69

Tapentadol

(Palexia)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 69

C: Opiod

I: Mod>Sev pain

MoA: mimic endogenous opiods

D: 50mg bd, titrating with response

AE: (Opiod) N/V/C, resp depression

P: Renal (<30), Hepatic, MAOI

L: Swallow whole, background paracetamol

Front 70

Paracetamol +Codeine

(Panadeine [forte])

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 70

C: Combination

I: Mild>mod pain

MoA: depends on ingredient

D: 1g qid M8

AE: N/V/C, Liver toxicity

P: Hepatic impairment

L: Be careful of products containing paracetamol

Front 71

Azithromycin

(Zithromax)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 71

C: Macrolide

I: CAP, Chlamydial infections

MoA: Bacteriostatic; inhibits protein synthesis

D: 500mg OD for 3 days

AE: Hypersensitivity syndrome, GI

P: QT, Diabetes (liq), Allergies

L: Resistance of S.pneumniae after one dose

Front 72

Ciprofloxacin

(Ciproxin)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 72

C: Quinolone

I: Complicated UTIs, Bone/Joint infections, Prostatitis

MoA: Bactericidal; inhibits DNA synthesis

D: 250-500mg bd (max 1.5g daily) IV; 200-300mg bd up to 300-400mg Q8-12h (max 1.2g daily)

AE: N/V/D, abdo pain, rash, tendonitis, phototoxic, QT, transient hearing impairment

L: IV over 60mins, lots of fluids, Tendons

Front 73

Erythromycin

(EES)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 73

C: Macrolide

I:Upper + lower resp inf, Chlamydial, Pertussis

MoA: Bacteriostatic; inhibits protein synthesis

D: 1-2 g daily in 2-4 doses (max 4g), IV; 15-20mg/kg in 4 doses (max 4g)

AE: N/V/D, fungal, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

P: QT!, Renal (<10), Severe hepatic

L: IV over 60min, many interactions, Best on empty stomach (ERYC) but can take with food

Front 74

Fluconazole

(Diflucan)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 74

C: Azole

I: Mucocutaneous/Vaginal candidiasis, Tinea

D: Vag; 150mg single dose, Dermal cand; 50mg OD for 2-4 weeks

AE: Anorexia, fatigue, SJS

P: QT!, Renal, Allergies

L: Tell your doctor if you feel tired or nauseous, or dark urin, pale faeces or yellowing skin.

Front 75

Gentamicin

(*no brand*)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 75

C: Aminoglycoside

I: Serious gram -ve, Enterococcal infections

MoA: Inhibit protein synthesis

D: TDM! CrCl>60 5-7mg/kg OD, CrCl 30-60 4-5mg/kg

AE: Nephrotoxic, Otoxtoxic, Neuromuscular blockade

P: Ototoxicity, Renal, Allergies

L: Gent with Benpen for serious enterococcal infections (Endocarditis)

Front 76

Valaciclovir

(Valtrex)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 76

C: Guanine analogue

I: Herpes simplex, Genital herpes, Shingles, CMV

MoA: Inhibit viral DNA polymerase and synthesis

D: Genital; inital 500mg bd for 5-10 days,

AE: Neurological, agitation, vertigo, renal

P: Renal (Neurological), Allergy

L: Drink plenty of fluids, prodrug, carry a course with you to start as soon as you can

Front 77

Atenolol

(Noten, Tenormin)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 77

C: B blocker

I: HTN, Angina, Tachyarrhythmias, MI

MoA: block B receptors in heart, periphery, bronchi, pancreas, uterus, kidney, brian + liver. reduce CO, reduction in LV work + O2 use -> decr HR

D: 20-50mg OD incres to 100mg in 1-2 doses

AE: HoTN, N/D, transient worsening of HF, Cold extremeties, fatigue, blurred vision, glucose and lipid metabolism altered.

P: Renal, Diabetes, Vascular, Respiratory, Hepatic, Interactions, Masking effects

L: Dizziness, HoTN, L9

Front 78

Rosuvastatin

(Crestor)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 78

C: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

I: hyperchol, mixed hyperlipidaemia, high risk for CAD, HTN pts with risks for heart disease

MoA: inhibit HMG-CoA reductase

D: 5-10mg OD increase as req

AE: Proteinuria, GI, myalgia, h/ache, rhabdo, myopathy, liver/renal failure, hepatitis

P: Renal, Hepatic, Asian

L: Liver Signs, muscle pains

Front 79

Carvedilol

(Dilatrend)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 79

C: B-blocker

I: HTN, HF, Angina, MI

MoA: block B receptors in heart, periphery, bronchi, pancreas, uterus, kidney, brian + liver. reduce CO, reduction in LV work + O2 use -> decr HR

D: HTN; 12.5mg OD inc to 25mg OD, HF; 3.125mg BD slowly inc to 25mg BD

AE:HoTN, N/D, transient worsening of HF, Cold extremeties, fatigue, blurred vision, glucose and lipid metabolism altered.

P: Hepatic, Diabetes, Vascular, Respiratory

L: Dizziness, HoTN, L9

Front 80

Irbesartan with Hydrochlorothiazide

(Avapro HCT, Karvezide)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 80

C: Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist with Thiazide diuretic

I: HTN, HF

MoA: blocks Ang II binding to AT receptors --> vasoconstriction, Na reabs, aldosterone rls, HCT inhibits reabsorption of Na and Cl

D: 1 d; usu 150mg increase to 300mg plus relecvant HCT

AE: dizzy, h/ache/ hyperkalaemia; 1st dose hypo, rash D, dyspepsia

P: hepatitis sx, African

L: avoid K supp, dizzy; Salt, exercise, diet

Front 81

Prazosin

(Minipress)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 81

C: Selective alpha-blocker

I: HTN

MoA: Selectively blocks alpha receptors

D: 0.5mg bd, inc to 1 2-3 times d

AE:

P: HF, diuretics, B-blockers, CCB, cataracts, renal

L: Dizziness, Hypo-tension risk

Front 82

Enoxaparin Sodium

(Clexane)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 82

C: Heparin (LMWH)

I: VTE Tx/Px, STEMI and non-STEMI, VT

MoA: Inactivate factor IIa and Xa

D: VTE Px; 20mg d (med risk) or 40mg d (high risk), VTE Tx; 1mg/kg bd or 1.5mg/kg od

AE: Bleeding, bruising, thrombocytopenia, inj pain, hyperkalaemia
P: Renal, Bleeding risk, Hepatic, Surgery

L: Monitor bleeding, sharps

Front 83

Digoxin

(Sigmaxin)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 83

C: Cardiac glycoside

I: AF, HF

MoA: Slow HR and reduce AV node conduction. Increases contraction force by inc Calcium

D: Loading 250-500mcg q4-6h (up to 1.5mg), Maintenance 125-250mcg od

AE: May worsen arrhythmia, NTI, N/V/D, blurred vision, anorexia, dizziness, rash
P: Hyper/Hypo-thyroidism, some cardiac condition, Hypokalaemia, Other drugs, Renal
L: TDM (0.5-2mcg/L)

Front 84

Ezetimibe

(Ezetrol)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 84

C: Specific

I: HCholesterolaemia

MoA: Reduces cholesterol absorption across intestinal wall.

D: 10mg od

AE: Headache, D, inc LFTs

P: Fenofibrate, Hepatic
L: Muscle pain/tenderness/weakness, LDL

Front 85

Betamethasone

(Betnovate, Diprosone)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 85

C: Corticosteroid

I: Inflammatory skin conditions

MoA: Anti-inflam and immunosuppressive

D: 1-2 times d

AE: Folliculitis, atrophy, delay healing,
P: Diabetes, Ulceration, Infections
L: Finger tip unit, Moisturize,

Front 86

Mometasone

(Elocon, Zatamil)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 86

C: Corticosteroid

I: Inflammatory skin conditions

MoA: Anti-inflam and immunosuppressive

D: OD

AE: Folliculitis, atrophy, delay healing,

P: Diabetes, Ulceration, Infections

L: Finger tip unit, Moisturize,

Front 87

Triamcinolone

(Aristocort)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 87

C: Corticosteroid

I: Inflammatory skin conditions

MoA: Anti-inflam and immunosuppressive

D: 1-2 times d

AE: Folliculitis, atrophy, delay healing,

P: Diabetes, Ulceration, Infections

L: Finger tip unit, Moisturize,

Front 88

Alendronate

(Fosamax)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 88

C: Bisphosphonate

I: Paget's disease, Osteoporosis
MoA:Inhibits osteoclasts
D: Paget's; 40mg od, Osteo; 5-10mg od or 70mg once weekly,
AE: Alopecia, N/V/D, headache, muscle pain, oeophagitis, gastritis, rash, JAW necrosis
P: Inability to remain upright, Oesophageal disorders, Upper Gi, Renal, Hypocalcaemia
L: Morning with full glass of water, upright for 30min, L4, Swallowing difficulty see doc

Front 89

Risedronate

(Actonel)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 89

C: Bisphosphonate

I: Paget's disease, Osteoporosis (steroid)

MoA: Inhibits osteoclasts

D: Paget's; 30mg od, Osteo; 5mg od or 35mg once weekly or 150mg once monthly

AE: N/V/D, headache, muscle pain, oeophagitis, gastritis, rash, JAW necrosis

P:Inability to remain upright, Oesophageal disorders, Upper Gi, Renal, Hypocalcaemia

L: Morning with full glass of water, upright for 30min, L4, Swallowing difficulty see doc

Front 90

Zoledronic Acid

(Aclasta)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 90

C: Bisphosphonate

I: Hypercalcaemia, Osteoporosis, BMD, Paget's

MoA: Inhibits osteoclasts

D: Malignancy; IV 4mg, Paget's; IV 5mg (single)

AE: AF, N/V/D, headache, muscle pain, oeophagitis, gastritis, rash, JAW Necrosis

P: Renal, hypocalcaemia, Jaw Necrosis

L: Drink plenty of water, Dental procedures

Front 91

Thyroxine

(Oroxine, Eutroxsig, Eltroxin)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 91

C: Thyroid hormone (T4)
I: Hypothyroidism, Suppressive regimen, block in hyperthyroidism
MoA: Acts like endogenous hormone
D: 1.6mcg/kg of ideal weight od
AE: Hyper; tachy, arrhythmia, excitability, insomnia, flushing, sweats, weight loss
P: Hypopituitarism/ adrenal insufficiency, cardiovascular disorder, diabetes

L:Empty stomach, watch for hypers

Front 92

Metformin

(Diabex)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 92

C: Biguanide

I: T2DM
MoA: Reduces hepatic glucose and inc peripheral utilisation

D: T2DM; 500mg 1-3 times daily up to 3g or CR 500mg od up to 2g

AE: B12, N/V/D

P: Renal!, hepatic

L: With food, renal function, GI, diet, BGL

Front 93

Gliclazide

(Diamicron, Glyade)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 93

C: Sulfonylureas
I: T2DM
MoA: Increase pancreatic insulin secretion

D: 40-320mg d in 1-2 doses or 30mg od

AE: hypoglycaemia, weight gain, N/D, rash

P: Ketoacidosis, T1DM, Acute illness.

L: Take with food, avoid alcohol 30mg CR= 80mg

Front 94

Glimepiride

(Amaryl)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 94

C: Sulfonylureas

I: T2DM

MoA: Increase pancreatic insulin secretion

D: 1mg od, inc up to 4mg od

AE: Hypoglycaemia, weight gain
P: Ketoacidosis, T1DM, acute illness, Renal
L: Take with food, avoid alcohol

Front 95

Goserelin

(Zoladex)

C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L

Back 95

C: Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist

I: Endometriosis, Endometrial thinning, Uterine fibroids, Prostate/Breast cancer

MoA: GnRH stimulates FSH and LH, continuous use inhibts gonadotrophin production

D: 3.6mg implant every 4 weeks

AE: Transiet BP changes, hot flushes, sweating, reduced libido, dizziness, breast changes, mood changes, N/V/C, decreased BMD

P: Unexplained vag bleeding, low BMD, Polycystic ovaries

L: SC Anterior abdo wall