Tissues

Front 1

These cells contain processes that receive and generate electrical signals to communicate with other cells?

Back 1

Nervous Tissue

Front 2

Which tissue has elongated cells that shorten and cause movement?

Back 2

Muscle Tissue

Front 3

Which tisse contains more extracellular matrix than cells?

Back 3

Connective Tissue

Front 4

These cells either form a barrier that controls passage of molecules or form glands.

Back 4

Epithelial Tissue

Front 5

Which tissue types exhibit cellularity?

Back 5

Muscle, Nervous, Epithelial

Front 6

Cells determine function of these primary tissue types.

Back 6

Epithelial, Muscle, Nervous

Front 7

This epithelial tissue lines the mouth and protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion......

Back 7

Stratified Squamous Epithelial

Front 8

This epithelial tissue is located in the alveoli (the air sacs of the lung) and provides a short distance for the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide....

Back 8

Simple Squamous Epithelial

Front 9

This epithelial tissue forms kidney tubules and is involved in absorption and secretion.....

Back 9

Simple Cuboidal Epithelial

Front 10

This epithelial tissue lines the nasal cavities and moves sbstances over the epithelial surfaces............

Back 10

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar

Front 11

This epithelial tissue forms the mesothelium of the peritoneum and secretes serous fluid into the peritoneal cavity.......

Back 11

Simple Squamous Epithelial

Front 12

This epithelial tisse lines he stomach and its microvilli; increases surface area for absorption and secretion.

Back 12

Simple Columnar Epithelial

Front 13

What are a group of cells that usually have a common embyonic origin and function together to carry out specialized activities?

Back 13

Tissues

Front 14

the science that deals with the study of tissues

Back 14

Histology

Front 15

a physician who specializes in laboratory studies of cells and tissues to help other physicians make accurate diagnoses

Back 15

Pathologist

Front 16

What are the 4 types of tissues?

Back 16

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous

Front 17

This type of tissue covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts, forms glands

Back 17

Epithelium

Front 18

This type of tissue initiates and transmits nerve impulses that coordinate body activities.

Back 18

Nervous Tissue

Front 19

This type of tissue: movement and generates force.

Back 19

Muscle Tissue

Front 20

This type of tissue protects and supports the body and
organs, binds organs together, stores fat, provides immunity

Back 20

Connective Tissue

Front 21

This is what holds tissue cells in place and anchors them together.

Back 21

Basement Membrane made up of Connective Tissue

Front 22

Where cells come together

Back 22

Cell Junctions

Front 23

What are cell junctions?

Back 23

They form fluid tight seals between cells. They anchor cells to each other or to extracellular material. Act as channels that allow ions and other molecules to move from cell to cell.

Front 24

What are the characteristics of Epithelial Tissues?

Back 24

Avascular (no blood supply), with a nerve supply, quickly regenerates, materials just diffuse between cells, cells fit closely together, form sheets one to two layers thick,have an apical surface (exposed side) and a basal surface (attached to a basement membrane.)

Front 25

The basement membrane in epithelial cells consists of these two layers.

Back 25

Basal Lamina and Reticular Lamna

Front 26

What are the functions of Epithelial Tissues?

Back 26

protection -absorption
filtration -transportation
sensory reception -excretion
lubrication
reproduction
secretion -digestion

Front 27

What are the two types of Epithelial Tissue?

Back 27

Covering & Lining,
Glandular

Front 28

Epithelium Tissue is classified by what two characteristics?

Back 28

Shape & Layers

Front 29

What are the three arrangement of layers in covering and lining epithelium?

Back 29

Simple (one layer), pseudostratified (appears to have multiple layers), stratified (two or more layers)

Front 30

What are the four cell shapes in covering and lining epithelium?

Back 30

Squamous (flat), cuboidal (cubed), and columnar (taller than wide), transistional (change from squamous to cuboidal and back)

Front 31

Describe Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue

Back 31

single layer of flat cells that resembles a tiled floor when viewed from the apical surface. Nucleus is centrally located and is a flattened oval or sphere. Filtration or diffuson.

Front 32

Describe Simple Cuboidal Epithelial Tissue

Back 32

single layer of cuboidal cells. Nuclei are round and centrally located.

Front 33

This type of tissue initiates and transmits nerve impulses that coordinate body activities.

Back 33

Nervous Tissue

Front 34

This type of tissue: movement and generates force.

Back 34

Muscle Tissue

Front 35

This type of tissue protects and supports the body and
organs, binds organs together, stores fat, provides immunity

Back 35

Connective Tissue

Front 36

This is what holds tissue cells in place and anchors them together.

Back 36

Basement Membrane made up of Connective Tissue

Front 37

Where cells come together

Back 37

Cell Junctions

Front 38

Describe Simple Columnar Epithelium

Back 38

when viewed from the side, the cells appear like columns with oval nuclei near the base. Ciliated or nonciliated

Front 39

Describe Nonciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium

Back 39

contains two types of cells (columnar epithelial cells with microvilli at their apical surface) and goblet cells.

Front 40

What is microvilli?

Back 40

fingerlike cytoplasmic projections, increase the surface area of the plasma membrane, thus increasing the rate of absorption by the cell.

Front 41

What are goblet cells?

Back 41

modified columnar epithelial cells that secrete mucus at their apical surfaces which serves as a lubricant for the linings of the digestive, respiratory, reproductive and most of the urinary tract.

Front 42

Describe Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium?

Back 42

contains columnar epithelial cells with cilia at the apical surface. Lines some bronchioles (small tubes) of respiratory tract, uterine tubes, uterus, efferent ducts of the testes, some paranasal sinuses, central canal of spinal cord, and ventricles of the brain.

Front 43

What is Stratified Epithelium?

Back 43

has two or more layers of cells. Because of this, it is more durable and can better protect underlyin tissues. Some cells produce secretions.

Front 44

Describe Stratified Squamous Epithelium.

Back 44

top layer of flat cells, deeper layers vary from cuboidal to columnar. Make up epidermis (upper layer of skin)

Front 45

Describe Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium.

Back 45

two or more layers of cube-shaped cells. Functions include: line sweat, salivary glands, provide protection
Rare – in some glands.

Front 46

Describe Stratified Columnar Epithelium.

Back 46

two or more layers, only the top layer is columnar
Found in gland tubules.

Front 47

Describe Transitional Epithelium.

Back 47

variable appearance, allows an organ to stretch, lines bladder, ureters, urethra

Front 48

What is the function of glandular epithelium?

Back 48

secretion

Front 49

All glands of the body are classified as these two types.

Back 49

Endocrine
Exocrine

Front 50

Endocrine Gland

Back 50

a gland that secretes hormones into interstitial fluid and then the blood; a ductless gland.

Front 51

Exocrine Gland

Back 51

a gland that secretes its products into ducts that carry the secretions into body cavities, into the lumen of an organ, or to the outer surface of the body.

Front 52

Gland

Back 52

specialized epithelial cell or cells that secrete substances; may be endocrine or exocrine.

Front 53

Unicellular Glands

Back 53

single celled; goblet cells in stomach lining produce mucus

Front 54

Multicellular Glands

Back 54

composed of cells that have a distinctive structure. (1) Whether ducts are simple, branched or compound. (2) the shape of the secretory part of the gland – tubular or alveolar

Front 55

FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF EXOCRINE GLANDS

Back 55

(1) merocrine (2) apocrine (3) holocrine

Front 56

Merocrine Gland

Back 56

majority of exocrine glands; secrete by exocytosis, cells remain intact

Front 57

Apocrine Glands

Back 57

apical (top) portion accumulates and pinches off, some cytoplasm is lost, (mammary glands)

Front 58

Holocrine Gland

Back 58

product accumulates in gland cells, cells rupture, are destroyed (sebaceous glands)

Front 59

Connective Tissue

Back 59

the most widely used tissue of the body. Performing the functions of binding and supporting, consists of relatively few cells in a generous extracellular matrix. Is vascular (except for cartilage and tendons), has a nerve supply. Not on freestanding surfaces.

Front 60

Matrix

Back 60

the ground substance and fibers between the cells.

Front 61

Immature connective tissue cell names end in?

Back 61

–blast
-ex. – fibroblast

Front 62

Mature connective tissue cell
names end in?

Back 62

-cyte
-ex. - osteocyte

Front 63

Extracellular Matrix

Back 63

(1) consists of protein fibers and various substances that make up the ground substance (depends on type of connective tissue)
(2) the matrix is secreted by the cells, determines
the tissue’s qualities
(3) functions – supports, binds, influences cell functions
(4) fibers in the matrix provide strength and support for the tissues.

Front 64

Collagen Fibers (found in conncective tissues extracellular matrix)

Back 64

tough, somewhat flexible, resist stretching. Located in bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments.

Front 65

Reticular Fibers (found in connective tissues extracellular matrix)

Back 65

consist of collagen and glycoprotein, provide strength and support. Located in blood vessels, around fat cells,
nerve fibers, skeletal and smooth muscle fibers.

Front 66

Elastic fibers (found in connective tissues extracellular matrix)

Back 66

consist of elastin –provide
strength and stretch. Located in blood vessels, skin, lungs.

Front 67

What are the three different kinds of fibers in connective tissue?

Back 67

Collagen, Reticular, Elastic

Front 68

What are the kinds of connective tissue?

Back 68

Loose, Dense, Cartilage, Bone, Liquid

Front 69

Loose Connective Tissue

Back 69

consists of reticular, elastic, and collagen fibers, several types of cells and a semi-fluid ground substance.

Front 70

What are the types of Loose Connective Tissue?

Back 70

Areolar, Adipose, Reticular

Front 71

Areolar Tissue

Back 71

contains several kinds of cells, has collagen, elastic, & reticular fibers, located in subcutaneous layer of skin

Front 72

Adipose Tissue

Back 72

(1) stores fat, (2)nuclei located in periphery of cell, (3) found with areolar tissue, (4) insulates, pads, supports, protects, (5) energy reserve, (6) generates body heat in newborns

Front 73

Reticular Tissue

Back 73

(1) consists of reticular fibers and cells, (2) makes up the framework of organs, (3) holds organs together (liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow)

Front 74

Dense Connective Tissue

Back 74

contains more numerous, thicker, and denser fibers and fewer cells than loose connective tissue (2) cells are fibroblasts.

Front 75

What are the types of Dense Connective Tissue?

Back 75

Dense Regular, Dense Irregular, Elastic

Front 76

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Back 76

(1) consists of tightly packed, parallel collagen fibers
(2) white, tough and pliable (3) forms tendons

Front 77

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Back 77

(1) collagen fibers are irregularly arranged (interwoven) (2) tissue can resist tension from any direction (3) very tough tissue (4) found in white of eyeball, dermis of skin, heart valves, periosteum.

Front 78

Elastic Connective Tissue
(Dense)

Back 78

(1) branching elastic fibers and fibroblasts (2) can stretch & still return to original shape (3) found in lung tissue, vocal cords, ligaments,
disks between vertebrae

Front 79

Cartilage

Back 79

(1) consists of a dense network of collagen and elastic fibers (strength) embedded in chondroitin sulfate (resilience)
(2) chondrocyte cells are located in lacunae (spaces) – gives them “wiggle room” (3)surrounded by perichondrium membrane (dense irregular connective tissue) (4) has no blood vessels or nerves – heals
slowly (5) grows and repairs slowly because it is avascular (6) interstitial growth – fills in spaces (7) chondrocytes divide and form new matrix (8)occurs in childhood and adolescence (9) appositional growth – adds layers (10) chondroblasts secrete matrix onto surface produces increase in width

Front 80

Hyaline Cartilage

Back 80

(1) most abundant and weakest cartilage
(2) made of fine collagen fibers in gel matrix (3) provides flexibility and support, reduces
friction in joints, absorbs shock
(4) heals slowly (no blood vessels to bring oxygen and nutrients.

Front 81

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

Back 81

Hyaline, Fibro, Elastic

Front 82

Fibrocartilage

Back 82

(1) bundles of collagen fibers in matrix (2) no perichondrium
(3) strong and somewhat rigid

Front 83

Elastic Cartilage

Back 83

(1) threadlike network of elastic fibers in matrix
(2) can be bent, maintains shape (3) in ears, nose, vocal cartilages

Front 84

Bone Tissue

Back 84

(1) matrix contains mineral salts (calcium, phosphorus), and collagen fibers (2) cells are termed osteocytes
(3) classified as compact or spongy
(4) supports, protects, helps with movement (joints), stores minerals, houses blood forming tissue

Front 85

What is the basic unit of compound bone?

Back 85

The Haversian system or Osteon

Front 86

What does the osteon or Haversian system consists of?

Back 86

(1) lamella – concentric rings of matrix material (2) mineral salts provide hardness (3) collagen fibers provide strength
(4) lacunae that contain osteocytes (5) canaliculi –“little canals” that contain osteocyte processes – passageways for nutrient & waste transport

Front 87

Haversian (central) canal –

Back 87

in bone which contains blood vessels and nerves

Front 88

What is liquid connective tissue?

Back 88

Blood. Liquid matrix is called plasma-cells include red & white cells, platelets
(solid or formed elements)
-transports O2, CO2, wastes, and nutrients,
contains clotting chemicals, immune functions

Front 89

Lymph

Back 89

-interstitial fluid collected from tissues – returned to heart through lymph vessels – moves some substances around body