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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Thyroid
-what type of gland? -secretes? -regulates? |
-endocrine gland
-thyroxin & thyrocalcitonin -basal metabolic rate, calcium metabolism, stimulates somatic and psychic growth |
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Thyroid
-located where? -how many lobes usually? unusually? -connected by? which is located where? |
-Inf to thyroid cart, level of cricoid cart
-2 lobes, sometimes 3rd (from isthmus) -Isthmus connects lobes, located in front of 2nd, 3rd, 4th tracheal rings |
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True capsule is made up of?
False Capsule is made up of? Forms? Connects? |
True: Connective Tissue
False: Pretracheal Fascia, thick medially to form suspensory ligament of Berry (connects lobe to cricoid cartilage) |
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Arterial Supply of Thyroid (3)
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1) Superior Thyroid (branch of external carotid A)
2) Inferior Thyroid A (branch of thyrocervical trunk) 3) Thyroid IMA A (arch or brachiocephalic trunk) -3% of individuals |
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Venous Drainage (3-to where?)
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1) Superior Thyroid V - internal jugular V
2) Middle Thyroid V - internal jugular V 3) Inferior Thyroid V - left brachiocephalic V |
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Lymphatics-upper part? lower part?
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Upper part-upper deep cervical lymph N
Lower part- lower deep cervical lymph N |
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Nerves-mainly? and are?
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mainly from middle cervical ganglion and are vasoconstrictor
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Superior thyroid A ligated where? to save?
Inferior thyroid A ligated where? to save? |
*Superior-nearer gland-to save external laryngeal N (branch of sup laryngeal N)
*Inferior- away from gland-to save recurrent laryngeal N. |
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Hyperthyroidism is due to? Most common cause is?
Hypothyroidism is due to? Most common cause is? |
Hyper-increase in thyroid hormone, Grave's disease
Hypo-decrease in thyroid hormone, Hashimoto thyroidiris |
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Goiter is? Most common cause? Leads to?
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IS enlargement of thyroid gland
CAUSE iodine deficiency LEADS TO dysphagia, hoarseness of voice |
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Parathyroid glands are?
Located where? Secrete what? Which controls? |
-2 pairs of small endocrine glands
-Posterior border of thyroid w/i capsule -Secretes parathormone which controls metabolism of calcium & phospherus |
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Blood Supply-
Arterial supply- Veins, lymphatics & N supply- |
Arterial-inferior thyroid artery
V, L, N-thyroid gland |
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Hyperparathyroidism-
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tumors of parathyroid
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Excessive secretion of parathormone-
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increase removal of calcium from bones (osteitis fibrosa cystica)
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Hypoparathyroidism-
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accidental removal of gland during thyroidectomy-hypocalcemia
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3 Major Salivary glands?
Found in? Produce? |
1)Parotid 2)Submandibular 3)Sublingual
-Found in tongue, palate, cheeks, lips -Produces saliva which keeps oral cavity moistened, and help in chewing/swallowing |
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Parotid gland- size? location?
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-Largest in body
-below external meatus, between ramus of madible and sternomastoid |
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Accessory Parotid gland? Location?
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-Part that extends forward, often detached
-Lies btwn zygo arch & parotid duct |
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Parotid Capsule is?
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-Investing layer of deep fascia split to enclose the gland btwn angle of madible and mastoid process
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What separates Parotid & Submandibular gland?
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Stylomandibular Ligament formed by Deep Lamina of Parotid Capsule-thickening
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Parotid Duct is? Also called? Pierces? Opens into?
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Stenson's Duct. Thick wall duct, emerges from middle of ant border of gland. Pierces buccal pad of fat, buccopharyngeal fascia & buccinator obliquely. Opens into vestibule or mouth opposite the crown of upper 2nd molar tooth.
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Arteries-
Veins- Lymph- |
Arteries-external carotid & branches
Veins-external jugular vein Lymph-parotid gr. of lymph node |
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1) Parotid Swelling-
2) Mumps- 3) Abscess- |
1) Very painful due to unyielding nature of partoid fascia
2) viral infection 3) spread of infection from mouth |
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4) Parotidectomy-
5) Sialography- |
4) facial nerve is preserved by removing gland in two parts (SF & DP) Nerve passage between.
5) Radiographic visualization of parotid duct system |
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6) Sialolith-
7) Mixed Parotid tumor- |
6) stone in duct
7) benign tumor and involvement of facial N, rapid growth and pain are signs of malignant change |
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Submandibular Region is-
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Deeper structure in area between mandible & hyoid bone including floor of mouth and root of tongue
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Muscles in Submandibular Region?
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Digastric, Stylohyoid, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid
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Submandibular Gland is? Divided by? SF part lies where?
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-Large salivary gland located in the anterior part of digastric triangle
-Divided by mylohyoid M -SF part lies SF to mylohyoid M |
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Submandibular Duct-also called?
Emerges at? Is crossed by? |
Also called Whartons duct. Emerges at anterior end of deep part.
Crossed by lingual N. |
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Submandibular Duct opens?
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Opens on floor of mouth on summit of sublingual papilla at side of frenulum of tongue
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Submandibular Blood Supply & Lymp
Artery- Veins- Lymph- |
Artery-fascial artery
Veins-common facial or Lingual Vein Lymph-submandibular lymph node |
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Nerve supply of Mandibular Region-
braches from? These branches convey? |
-Branches from submandibular ganglion
-convey secretomotor fibers, sensory fibers, vasomotor sympathetic fibers from plexus on facial A. |
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Common site of Calculus-
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Tense swelling below body of mandible which is greatest before and during meal and reduced in size in between meal in diagnostic
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Excision of submandibular gland for calculus or tumor-
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is done by incision below angle of jaw, since the mandibular branch of facial N passes posterioinferior to angle of jaw, the incision must be placed more than 1 inch below angle to preserve N
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Sublingual Gland-size? where?
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-Smallest of 3 salivary glands
-Above mylohyoid in sublingual fossa |
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Sublingual Gland-ducts open into? Bloddy supply?
Nerve supply? |
-Opens into floor of mouth by about 15 ducts on summit of sublingual fold
-Bloody supply is Lingual & Submental Arteries -Nerve supply is similar to submandibular gland |