Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The thyroid is located on the ____ & ____ portion of the neck.
|
anterior & lower
|
|
|
The thyroid is _____ to the trachea & esophagus.
|
anteriolateral
|
|
|
Where is the thyroid in relation to the larynx?
|
inferior to larynx
|
|
|
The thyroid is bordered laterally by what 3 things?
|
common carotid A, internal carotid A, & internal jugular V
|
|
|
The thyroid is _____ in the neck.
|
superficial
|
|
|
The thyroid has how many lobes?
|
2 (left & right)
|
|
|
The SAG measurement of the thyroid is _____.
|
4 - 6 cm
|
|
|
What is the AP measurement of the thyroid?
|
2 - 3 cm
|
|
|
The TRV measurement of the thyroid is ____.
|
1.5 - 2 cm
|
|
|
The thyroid is connected midline by what structure?
|
isthmus
|
|
|
The measurement of the isthmus in AP is ____.
|
2 - 6 mm
|
|
|
The isthmus is considered enlarged if it is greater than ____.
|
6 mm
|
|
|
The internal structure of the thyroid is composed of:
|
a large # of follicles which consists of colloid & are surrounded by a single layer of epi. cells
|
|
|
What are follicles?
|
a small sac, cavity, or gland involved in secretion
|
|
|
A thick gelatinous substance that is produced in the thyroid gland & stores hormones is the ____.
|
colloid
|
|
|
The thyroid gland has a blood supply that is ____ times the weight of the gland coursing thru each min.
|
5
|
|
|
The thyroid is supplied by the _____ & _____ arteries.
|
superior & inferior
|
|
|
The sup & inf thyroid arteries have ____ & ____ branches.
|
right & left
|
|
|
What are the superior right & left thyroid arteries a branch of?
|
external carotid arteries
|
|
|
The inferior right & left thyroid arteries are branches of the ____ ____.
|
thyrocervical trunk
|
|
|
Where does the thyrocervical trunk arise from?
|
subclavian arteries
|
|
|
Thyroid arterial supply consists of:
|
superior right & left thyroid arteries, and inferior right & left thyroid arteries
|
|
|
Venous blood from the thyroid is drained into:
|
internal jugular veins & innominate vein
|
|
|
The thyroid drains venous blood into the innominate vein from the ____ ____ vein.
|
inferior thyroid
|
|
|
The anterior muscles of the thyroid consist of the _____ & _____.
|
strap muscle & sternocleidomastoid
|
|
|
What do the strap muscles consist of?
|
sternohyoid, omohyoid & sternothyroid
|
|
|
The posterior muscle of the thyroid consist of?
|
The longus coli
|
|
|
What are the strap muscles?
|
a group of muscles that lie anterior to the thyroid
|
|
|
The most anterior muscle in the neck is the _____.
|
sternohyoid
|
|
|
The sternothyroid muscle is located slightly ____ &____ to the sternohyoid.
|
lateral & posterior
|
|
|
The sternohyoid & sternothyroid muscles are joined ML by the ____.
|
fascia
|
|
|
What is the fascia?
|
sheet or band of connective tissue
|
|
|
What muscle can be felt behind the ear?
|
sternocleidomastoid
|
|
|
The sternoclediomastoid is located _____ to the thyroid & _____ to the sternohyoid & sternothyroid.
|
anterolateral & lateral
|
|
|
The esophagus is slightly to the ___ of the ML.
|
left
|
|
|
The ____ is posterior to the thyroid gland.
|
esophagus
|
|
|
What 3 things does the thyroid maintain?
|
body metabolism, growth, and development
|
|
|
The thyroid is an endocrine gland and secretes what 3 major hormones?
|
thyroxine (T4), triidothyronine (Ts), and calcitonin
|
|
|
What is TSH?
|
thyroid stimulating hormone
|
|
|
What does TSH do?
|
controls thyroids hormone secretion
|
|
|
What is the primary function of calcitonin?
|
to decrease blood calcium levels
|
|
|
What is necessary for production of thyroxine (T4)?
|
iodide ingestion
|
|
|
_____ is the primary thyroid hormone making up 90%.
|
thyroxine (T4)
|
|
|
The ____ cells produce thyroid hormones.
|
follicular
|
|
|
T3 & T4 have a profound effect on the _____ rate of the body.
|
metabolic
|
|
|
What do follicular cells regulate?
|
tissue growth and development
|
|
|
Parafollicular cells produce ____.
|
calcitonin
|
|
|
The parafollicular cells store ____% of the body;s iodine from the blood.
|
25%
|
|
|
What does iodine do?
|
Aids in the development and function of thyroid & prevention of goiters
|
|
|
What is TSH produced by?
|
anterior pituitary gland
|
|
|
The pituitary gland is regulated by the _____.
|
hypothalamus
|
|
|
____ stimulates the release of TSH.
|
TRH
|
|
|
Low levels of TSH produce ____ of the thyroid and _____.
|
enlargement, hypothyroidism
|
|
|
What can untreated hypothyroidism lead to?
|
retarded growth, decreased mental activity & body temp.
|
|
|
What is severe hypothyroidism in adults called?
|
myxedema
|
|
|
Myxedema is more common in ____.
|
women
|
|
|
What can hypothyroidism be due to?
|
thyroid failure or diseases of the hypothalamus/pituitary
|
|
|
Increased production of TSH causes thyroid _____ & _____.
|
enlargement & hyperthyroidism
|
|
|
What can hyperthyroidism cause?
|
increased metabolic rate, elevated body temp, nervousness, rapid heartbeat & loss of weight
|
|
|
Hyperthyroidism is most often associated with ____ disease.
|
Grave's
|
|
|
Protruding, bulging eyes from thyroid enlargement is called ____.
|
exophthalmos
|
|
|
What type of transducer would you use for a thyroid scan?
|
A linear array 7.5-15 MHz transducer
|
|
|
What is the sonographic appearance of the thyroid?
|
homogeneous, med-high level echoes
|
|
|
Thyroid lobes are ____ to muscle.
|
hyperechoic
|
|
|
Lobes should be similar is ____ & ____.
|
size & shape
|
|
|
The ____ lobe of the thyroid may be slightly larger than the ____ left.
|
right, left
|
|
|
The approximate size of the thyroid is ____ in length & ____ in width.
|
5 cm length, 2 cm in width
|
|
|
Where do the carotid & internal jugular lie in relation to the thyroid?
|
lateral and slightly posterior
|
|
|
A normal variant of the thyroid is the ____ ____.
|
pyramidal lobe
|
|
|
The pyramidal lobe is ____ shaped, and a super extension of the ____.
|
triangular, isthmus
|
|
|
The pyramidal lobe is more common on the ____ side.
|
left
|
|
|
The pyramidal lobe is seen in ___% of patients & the ____ appears normal.
|
15-20%, parenchyma
|
|
|
Most individuals have ___ pairs of parathyroid glands but there may be as many as ___ & its normal
|
2, 6
|
|
|
The parathyroid glands are ____ long, and ____ wide.
|
4 - 6 mm long, 2 - 4 mm wide
|
|
|
How thick are the parathyroid glands?
|
0.5 - 2 mm
|
|
|
What is the shape of the parathyroid gland?
|
oval/bean shaped, or flat/disk shape
|
|
|
Superior parathyroid glands are almost always located ____ to the ____ 3rd of the thyroid.
|
posterior, middle
|
|
|
Inferior parathyroid glands are ____ to the lower 3rd of the thyroid, but can be found @ level of the ____.
|
posterior, isthmus
|
|
|
An organ located in the upper anterior portion of the chest cavity behind the sternum is :
|
thymus
|
|
|
What is the main function of the thymus?
|
to provide an area for T-lymphocyte maturation
|
|
|
The ____ is vital in protecting against auto-immunity.
|
thymus
|
|
|
The thymus shrinks after ____.
|
puberty
|
|
|
T or F. Parathyroid glands are not typically visualized on US.
|
True
|
|
|
If imaged, the normal parathryoid glands should measure less than ____ and are ____ in shape.
|
6 mm, oval
|
|
|
The parathyroid gland is ____ to the thyroid gland.
|
isoechoic
|
|
|
The parathyroid glands are ____ sensing organs and secrete ____.
|
calcium, parathyroid hormone
|
|
|
What is the main function of the parathyroid gland?
|
solely to maintain the body's calcium level within a very narrow range, so nervous & muscular systems can function
|
|
|
The ____ gland regulates the body's metabolism & has no effect on calcium levels.
|
thyroid
|
|
|
The ____ gland regulates calcium levels & has no effect on metabolism.
|
parathyroid
|
|
|
What is the most common indication of the parathyroid glands?
|
hypercalcemia
|
|
|
The ____ ____ muscle appears as a discrete area posterior to the thyroid which may appear as a mass.
|
longus colli
|
|
|
The ____ ____ bundle may also cause confusion when scanning the thyroid.
|
minor neurovascular
|
|
|
What does the minor neurovascular bundle consist of?
|
inferior thyroid arterie, and laryngeal nerve
|
