Thorax

Front 1

what is housed in the superior mediastinum

Back 1

all the structures passing betwen the neck and the thorax, the aortic arch with its branches, th brachiocephalic viens, the superior vena cava, the thymus, the trachea, the esophagus and the vagus and phrenic nerves

Front 2

inferior mediastinum divisions

Back 2

anterior mi ddle and posterior mediastina

Front 3

anterior mediastinum

Back 3

anterior to the pericardium and posterior to the sternum, contains connective tissue with some fat, lymph nodes, and a portion of the thymus

Front 4

middle mediastinum

Back 4

contains the heart and the roots of the ascending aorta, pulmonary artery, superior and inferior venae cavae, and the four pulmonary viens

Front 5

posterior mediastinum

Back 5

contains the descending thoracic aorta, azygos and hemiazygos viens, thoracic duct and esophagus

Front 6

what are the 3 parts of the sternum

Back 6

the manubrium, the sternum, xiphoid tip

Front 7

the first 7 ribs are the

Back 7

true ribs

Front 8

the last 5 ribs are the

Back 8

false ribs

Front 9

on the thoracic vertebra what do the ribs connect to

Back 9

the transverse process and vertebral bodies

Front 10

what are the 3 major divisions of throacic cavity

Back 10

right pleural, left pleural and mediastinum

Front 11

two layers of pleura

Back 11

parietal and visceral

Front 12

lungs are separated by

Back 12

mediastinum

Front 13

lobes are separated by

Back 13

fissures

Front 14

what is the hilum

Back 14

medial surface: point at which the bronchi,blood vessels, and nerves enter the lung

Front 15

what is the mass distribution of the heart

Back 15

2/3 to he left of medium plane and 1/3 to the right

Front 16

=in sagittal sections, what vessel associated with the heart is seen as having a distinct anterior-to-postior orientation?

Back 16

pulmonary trunk

Front 17

=describe the anatomical location of the heart in relation to the medium plane of the body.

Back 17

2/3 left 1/3 right

Front 18

=name 2 serous layers of the pericardium.

Back 18

parietal and viseral

Front 19

covers cardiac muscle of heart wall-

Back 19

visceral

Front 20

forms a lining with the fibrous pericardium

Back 20

Parietal

Front 21

name 2 points of articulation for:
costotransverse:
costovertebral:

Back 21

vertebral column: transverse process
rib: tubercle

vertebral column: body
rib: head

Front 22

indicate 3 major divisions of the thoracic cavity:

Back 22

R pleural, L pleural, mediastinum

Front 23

what 2 specific anatomical areas are drained by the azygos vein?

Back 23

thoracic wall and posterior abdominal wall

Front 24

between what two chambers of the heart is the bicuspid valve located?

Back 24

L atrium and L ventricle

Front 25

what is the most posterior vessel exiting the aortic arch?

Back 25

subclavian artery

Front 26

what is more anterior? a)descending aorta, b) esophagus

Back 26

ESOPHAGUS

Front 27

which is more to the right?a0 trachea, b) descending aorta

Back 27

A) TRACHEA

Front 28

name opening thats part of the fetal circulation system that allows blood to flow directly from R atrium to L atrium while bypassing pulmonary circulation.

Back 28

foramen ovale

Front 29

which 2 veins drain durectly into the coronary sinuses?

Back 29

greater coronary vein and middle coronary vein

Front 30

which duct empties into the venous system at the junction of the L jugular vein and subclavian vein?

Back 30

thoracic duct

Front 31

define- ventricular septal defect

Back 31

ventricular septal defect allows blood to flow through chambers usually from left to right very basically it is a hole in the heart

Front 32

valve in ascending aorta is in which side of the sternum?

Back 32

left

Front 33

which duct empties into the venous system at the junction of the L jugular vein and subclavian vein?

Back 33

thoracic duct

Front 34

name 2 layers of pleura of pleura cavity?

Back 34

parietal & visceral

Front 35

indentify layer of pleura:
lines thorcic wal-
insensitive to pain-
very sensitive to pain
adheres to lungs and fissures-

Back 35

indentify layer of pleura:
lines thorcic wal- P
insensitive to pain-V
very sensitive to pain-P
adheres to lungs and fissures- V

Front 36

chordae tendinae are anchored to projections of myocardium called:

Back 36

papillary muscles

Front 37

which valve is located at the exit from R ventricle?

Back 37

pulmonary semilunar

Front 38

name muscle which is part of the heart wall that kepp the tricuspid valve from inverting when pressure is increased?

Back 38

papillary muscles

Front 39

indicate proper term for division between 2 atriums?

Back 39

interatrial septum

Front 40

which gland that is invovled in the early development of the immune system is a prominent area of lymphoid tissue during early chilhood?

Back 40

thymus gland

Front 41

provide specific anatomical areas for the following sections of the mediastinum as stated in concepts book:
anterior mediastinum-

Back 41

anterior pericardium posterior to the sternum.contains fat, lymph nodes, connective tissue, thymus gland

Front 42

provide specific anatomical areas for the following sections of the mediastinum as stated in concepts book:
thymus gland

Back 42

anterior mediastinum

Front 43

provide specific anatomical areas for the following sections of the mediastinum as stated in concepts book:
lymphatic tissue/lymph nodes

Back 43

anterior mediastinum

Front 44

provide specific anatomical areas for the following sections of the mediastinum as stated in concepts book:
aortic arch

Back 44

superior mediastinum

Front 45

provide specific anatomical areas for the following sections of the mediastinum as stated in concepts book:
connective tissue

Back 45

fibrous pericardium

Front 46

provide specific anatomical areas for the following sections of the mediastinum as stated in concepts book:
superior mediastinum

Back 46

contains aorta and its branches

Front 47

posterior medastinum:

Back 47

descending aorta
thorcic duct
esophagus

Front 48

provide specific anatomical areas for the following sections of the mediastinum as stated in concepts book:
branches

Back 48

superior mediastinum

Front 49

middle mediastium:

Back 49

HEART
ivc
svc
pulmonary veins
pulmonary atreries

Front 50

when taking coronal section from posterior to anterior, which chamber of the heart is seen first?

Back 50

L atrium

Front 51

indentify the chambers of the heart:
major portions anterior surface of the heart

Back 51

R ventricle

Front 52

indentify the chambers of the heart:most right sided

Back 52

R atrium

Front 53

indentify the chambers of the heart:most posterior structure

Back 53

L atrium

Front 54

indentify the chambers of the heart:receives blood from SVC, IVC, and coronary sinuses

Back 54

R atrium

Front 55

indentify the chambers of the heart:4 pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood

Back 55

L atrium

Front 56

indentify the chambers of the heart:responsible for pumping blood throughout whole body

Back 56

L ventricle

Front 57

name the partition between the 2 ventricles:

Back 57

interventricular septum

Front 58

which is most to the left side? a) svc, b)pulmonary trunk c)ascending aorta

Back 58

B)PULMONARY trunk

Front 59

name the point on the medial surface of the lung where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter.

Back 59

hilum

Front 60

what is the location of the initation of impulses for contractions of the heart?

Back 60

R atrium or SA node

Front 61

name the string like structures which connect to the cusps of the right atrioventricular valve.

Back 61

chordae tendinae

Front 62

which 2 veins empty directly into the svc?

Back 62

R brachiocephalic
L brachiocephalic

Front 63

from which chamber of the heart does the pulmonary trunk originate?

Back 63

R ventricle

Front 64

on which side of the esophagus is the aorta located?

Back 64

left

Front 65

identify proper layer of heart wall:
thin, covers innermost heart walls

Back 65

- endocardium

Front 66

identify proper layer of heart wall:contracts to produce a pumping action-

Back 66

myocardium

Front 67

identify proper layer of heart wall:outer layer-

Back 67

epicardium

Front 68

indicate 2 general types of heart valves
inflow from atrium to ventricle.

Back 68

atrioventricular
exit port of ventricles- semilunar

Front 69

figure 4-24 transverse- t6-t7
figure 4-16 transverse- apex of lung
figure 4-35 coronal section through R&L ventricle
figure 4-23 transverse-pulmonary trunk
figure 4-19 transverse-aortic arch

Back 69

word

Front 70

what valve is in the ascending aorta

Back 70

aortic semilunar

Front 71

the valve in the ascending aorta is on which side of the sternum, the right or left

Back 71

left

Front 72

which lung is more displaced by the mass of the heart

Back 72

left

Front 73

which is most to the left side, the superior vena cava, the pulmonary trunk, or the ascending aorta

Back 73

pulmonary trunk

Front 74

which is more anterior, the left brachiocephalic vien or the ascending aorta

Back 74

l brachiocephalic

Front 75

which is more anterior, the descending aorta or the esophagus

Back 75

esophagus

Front 76

which is more to the right the trachea or the descending aorta

Back 76

trachea

Front 77

what is thte bone anteriour to the left brachiocephalic vein

Back 77

manubrium or sternum

Front 78

what blood vessel is closest to the apex of the left lung

Back 78

l subclavian artery

Front 79

what two blood vessels join to form the brachiocephalic vein

Back 79

subclavian and jugular vein

Front 80

in coronal sections which vessel associated with the heart is most closely related to the right lung

Back 80

superior vena cava

Front 81

what are the two vessels that join to form the brachiocephalic veins

Back 81

r and l internal jugular r and l subclavian veins

Front 82

superior thoracic apeture

Back 82

also known as the thoracic oinlet separates the thorax from the root of the neck

Front 83

inferior thoracic apeture

Back 83

or thoracic outlet bounded posteriorly by the twelfth thoracic vertebra and anteriourly by the ziphisternal junction

Front 84

another name for the sternal angle

Back 84

angle of louis

Front 85

the trachea bifurcates at the level of

Back 85

the sternal angle

Front 86

the aortic arch begins at the level of

Back 86

the sternal angle

Front 87

the apex of the heart is formed by

Back 87

the left ventricle

Front 88

what is the most right sided portion of the heart

Back 88

r atrium

Front 89

what is the most posterior portion of the heart

Back 89

left atrum

Front 90

2 types of valves

Back 90

semilunar and atrioventricular

Front 91

what structure in the heart is called the pacemaker

Back 91

the SA node sinoatrial node

Front 92

the thymus

Back 92

located in the superior mediastinum with portions in the anterior, it is responsible for the development and mantinence of immune system, just behind the manubrium

Front 93

the thoracic ducts

Back 93

drains the wall and posterior abdominal wall, primary lymphatic duct

Front 94

azygous

Back 94

enters posterior mediastinum of thorax along with thoracic duct

Front 95

superior thoracic apeture

Back 95

also known as the thoracic oinlet separates the thorax from the root of the neck

Front 96

inferior thoracic apeture

Back 96

or thoracic outlet bounded posteriorly by the twelfth thoracic vertebra and anteriourly by the ziphisternal junction

Front 97

another name for the sternal angle

Back 97

angle of louis

Front 98

the trachea bifurcates at the level of

Back 98

the sternal angle

Front 99

the aortic arch begins at the level of

Back 99

the sternal angle