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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adam's position
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standing pt flexes foreward to compare before and after scoliosis or kyphosis.
Functional angle may reduce meaning poor posture, overdevo of muscles, nerve root, disc, leg length deficiency. if structural angle doesn't reduce it means hemivertebra, compression fracture, idiopathic scholiosis. |
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Spinal percussion
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Tap spinous processes with a reflex hammer.
Local pain: fracture or pain radiating pain: disc lesion pain while tapping paraspinal muscles: sprain |
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Rib compression
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compress standing or sitting pt's rib cage either A/P or laterally.
Pain may indicate rib fracture or S/S. |
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L'hermitte's sign
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pt sits with legs extended, flex C and T spine.
Shooting pain: disc lesion, cord disease, meningitis local pain: S/S |
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Linder's sign
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flex the supine pt's head to stretch dura and nerve roots
local pain: S/S radiating pain: disc lesion |
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flexion
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60-90
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extension
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30-40
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lateral bending
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20-40
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rotation
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30-45
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supine muscle tests test ___
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abdominal, trunk flexors and rotators
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Prone muscle tests test__
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back extensors
quadratus lumborum |
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Valsalva
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LS ortho test
hold breath and bear down, increases intrathecal pressure, pain my indicate space occupying lesion |
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Dejerines' triad
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LS Ortho test
strain/ cough/ sneeze |
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Bechterew's test
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sitting with alternating legs extended, then extend both; stretch sciatic nerve and lumbar nerve roots. Leaning back with pain may indicate disc, sciatic nerve, nerve root.
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Kemp's test
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Put elbow on pt's shoulder, while twisting them backwards. Press into the small of their back to push them forward.
compress dorsolumbar spine obliquely backwards. Local pain: S/S, radiating pain: disc |
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Minor's sign
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LS ortho test
a seated pt. stands using one hand to support their back and one to support the off leg up to keep the involved leg side in flexion. this is seen with sciatica, severe S/S. |
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Lasegue's test
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passive lifting of pt.'s leg; local pain at 0-35 is S/I/SS or piriformis spasm
radiating pain 35-70 is stretching sciatic or spinal nerve roots (L5, S1, S2) or disc lesion. local pain at 70-90: L/S S/S. local tension with no pain: tight hammies. |
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Braggard's test
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with a + straight leg raise, lower leg for relief of symptom, then dorsiflex foot.
pain: disc lesion or sciatica |
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Kernig's
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flex thigh to 90 with a knee at 90, then extend knee to stretch sciatic nerve.
radiating pain: disc or sciatic lesion resistance without pain: tight hammies |
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Lindner's sign
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flex the supine pt's head to stretch dura and nerve roots
local pain s/s radiating pain: disc lesion |
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Milgram's test
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supine pt. raises leg 6 in. off table and holds for 30 sec.
Radiating pain: space occupying lesion if there is no pain, but an ability to do this: weak abs, or hip flexors (iliopsoas) |
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Bilateral leg lowering
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pt. lowers leg
local pain: L or L/S S/S radiating pain: disc lesion if unable to do: weak abs or hip flexors |
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toe walk
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tests gastroc (S1)
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heel walk
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tibialis anterior (L4)
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Neri's (bowing) test
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pt. forward flexes to touch toes. Knee on involved side will flex to avoid sciatic nerve stretch
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drop heel test
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standing pt. raises on toes, then drops on heels;
if shock wave goes up spine may indicate disc, facet or nerve root lesion. |
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petellar reflexes
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L4
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achilles reflexes
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S1
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Pinwheel
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measures spinal sensory dermatomes
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circumferential measurement
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measures muscle atrophy due to nerve damage, thigh and calf
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muscle tests rhomboids
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pt. sits and holds arm in slight in abduction and extension. Try to pull arm away from pt.
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muscle test levator scapula
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pt. sits and puts humerus into slight adduction, extension, slight lateral rotation. Dr. directs force against medial elbow in a direction of abduction.
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tests middle trapezius
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pt is prone, put arms out to the side with thumb upwards, dr. presses downwards
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tests lower trapezius
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pt. is prone, puts arm out to front at angle, with thumb, pt. presses upwards
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muscle tests latissimus dorsi
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pt. is standing with the arm adducted, medially rotated. Dr. tries to abduct
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muscle tests for the abdominals
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pt. sits and dr. stabilizes their legs. have pt cross arms. press against pt's chest
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muscle test for obliques
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stabilize pt.'s legs; have pt. turn away, press against their shoulder
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muscle tests quadratus lumborum
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prone pt. abducts and extends leg; pt. pulls hip towards shoulder, while dr. appliles traction to the ankle
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