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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
short acting insulin (2)
intermediate long acting |
short (4 hours)- lispo, aspart
insulin (~8 hours) intermediate (8-12 hours)- NPH long ascting (24 hours) - glargine |
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insulin toxicities (2)
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hypoglycemia, hypersensitivity (very rare)
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Tolbutamide mech, toxicity
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1st generation sulfonylurea
induces insulin secretion by closing K+ channel on beta islet cell (increases Ca influx) disulfiram-like reaction |
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Chlorpropamide mech, toxicity
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1st generation sulfonylurea
induces insulin secretion by closing K+ channel on beta islet cell, causing Ca influx disulfiram-like rxn |
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Glyburide mech, toxicities (2), 2 contraindications
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2nd generation sulfonylurea
stimulates insulin release by closing K+ channel on beta islet cell, causing increased Ca influx hypogylcemia sulfa allergy contraindicated in renal failure, elderly |
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Glipizide
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2nd generation sulfonylurea
stimulates insulin release by closing K+ channels on beta islet cell membrance, causing Ca influx hypoglycemia sulfa allergy |
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Glimepiride mech, toxicities (2)
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2nd generation sulfonylurea
stimulates insulin release by closing K+ channel on beta islet cells, which causes Ca influx |
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Metformin mech, toxicities (2) contraindications (4)
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biguanide, mech unknown but increases gluconeogenesis and increases sensitivity to insulin
lactic acidosis, hepatotoxicity contraindicated in renal failure, hepatic damage, cardiac damage |
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Pioglitazone mech, toxicities (3), contraindication
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binds PPAR-gamma and activates the transcriptional regulator. increases insulin sensitivity and adiponectin
fluid retention/edema, weight gain, hepatotoxicity contraindicated in CHF patients (due to fluid retention) |
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Rosiglitazone mech, toxicities (3), contraindication
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activates PPAR-gamma, causes increased insulin sensitivity and adiponectin
fluid retention/edema, weight gain, hepatotoxicity contraindicated in CHF because of fluid retention |
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Acarbose mech, use, toxicity
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inhibits intestinal brush border alpha-glucosidase (to decrease carb absorption)
-can be used as monotherapy! best for post-prandial hyperglycemia GI distress |
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Miglitol mech, use, toxicity
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brush border alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (decreases carb absorption)
can be used as DM monotherapy! best for post-prandial hypoglycemia GI distress |
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Pramlintide mech, toxicities (3)
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decreases glucagon
Nausea Diarrhea Hypoglycemia |
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Exanatide mech, toxicities (2)
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GLP-1 analog
increases insulin decreases glucagon Pancreatitis N/V |
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what is treatment of choice for gestational DM?
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insulin
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Propylthiouracil
mech, use toxicities (3) |
inhibit peroxidase
use for hyperthyroidism skin rash, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis |
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Methimazole mech, uses, toxicities (4)
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blocks peroxidase (inhibits organification of iodide and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis like Propylthiouracil)
hyperthryoidism skin rash, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, teratogen |
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Levothyroxine use (2), toxicity
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hypothyroidism, myxedema
hyperthyroid effects |
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Triiodothryonine use (2), toxicity
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hypothyroidism, myxedema
hyperthyroid effects |
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GH uses (2)
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GH deficiency, Turner's syndrome
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Octreotide uses
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Acromegaly, VIPoma, gastrinoma, carcinoid syndrome, glucagonoma
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Methimazole mech, uses, toxicities (4)
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blocks peroxidase (inhibits organification of iodide and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis like Propylthiouracil)
hyperthryoidism skin rash, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, teratogen |
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Levothyroxine use (2), toxicity
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hypothyroidism, myxedema
hyperthyroid effects |
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Triiodothryonine use (2), toxicity
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hypothyroidism, myxedema
hyperthyroid effects |
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GH uses (2)
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GH deficiency, Turner's syndrome
|
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Octreotide uses (5)
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Acromegaly, VIPoma, gastrinoma, carcinoid syndrome, glucagonoma
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Oxytocin uses (3)
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controls uterine hemorrhage, stimulates contraction and labor, lets milk down
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Demeclocycline mech, use, toxicities (3)
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ADH antagonist (is a member of tetracycline family)
SIADH photosensitivity stained teeth Nephrogenic DI |
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Beclomethasone mech, uses, toxicities
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glucocorticoid (prednisone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone same)
inhibits prostaglandins A2 and Cox-2 Addison's Disease, inflammation, immune suppression, asthma Iatrogenic Cushing's Syndrome, adrenal insufficiency if stop after chronic use |
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Cushing's syndrome change in:
bone GI skeletal muscle skin metabolism |
bone - osteoporosis
GI - peptic ulcers skeletal muscle- muscle wasting skin - atrophy, easy bruising metabolism - diabetes if chronic use |