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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Main Industrial Revolution developments |
Organization of labor Machinery production Artificial power (human, wind, animal) Funding enterprises through commercial capitalism |
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Who was Samuel Slater |
Father of Manufacturing - Built cotton mill from memory (English model) |
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Who was Francis Cabot Lowell |
Created 1st large scale american cotton text factory by Charles River @ Walton Massachusetts |
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Merrimack Manufacturing Co. more successful because |
New work force was New England women who were young and single |
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Major experiments |
Steam Machinery, American coal industry born. |
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Who was Eli Whitney |
Introduced assembly line manufacturing |
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What did Alfred Jenks do |
Opened steam powered mill |
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What did Cyrus McCormick do |
Mechanized agriculture with mechanical reaper |
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Mills created greater supply caused |
Increase in supply, decrease in demand, price and wage decrease. Formed labor union, in which courts ruled any labor union with "breach of contract" |
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Because of the industrial revolution working men turned to |
Politics in which they formed parties. (championed by Andrew Jackson) |
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War with Barbary states |
Paid pirates an annual prize to prevent privacy. Policy was rejected by Jefferson. Results to war. Treaty of 1805 dropped demand of annual payments. US pays $60,000 for captured seamen. |
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Control of the Mississippi was able to occur because |
the Louisiana purchase was sold by the government issuing $13 million in new bonds, sold to Euro investors. Part played by Hamilton |
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What did the Transcontinental Treaty do? |
It provided legal basis of West Florida |
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What was the European War background? |
France was opposed by England & Allies. US trade with France had conflict with England. Both stimulate US economy. Shipbuilding and foreign trade expand to US. |
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What was the French policy? |
Berlin Decree - Declared blockade, Trade with England illegal Milan Decree- All ships with England license trade subject to capture |
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What was the British policy? |
Orders in council - Any country ship who visits England would penalize that ships country |
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Who's policy was more damaging & why? |
England, because it is more valuable & has a strong navy to enforce policy |
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Why were the Provocative Acts established? |
Because England was taking ships and goods, impressing sailors to British Navy (lost 5,000-9,000) |
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What did the Embargo of 1807 do? |
Caused an American Depression, as it shut off trade with England |
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What was the Non intercourse Act |
It opened trade with everyone except England & France. Which does not help the economy |
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What was Macon's Bill no: 2 |
Banned trade with one country, if other recognized neutral rights, which restored settlements with France, and Napoleon continued to seize American Ships |
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What was the Battle of Tippecanoe |
Indian confederacy against settlers. Battle was a draw, but disillusions the Indians confederacy gone. New lands opened up. |
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Who was General William Henry Harrison? |
He led the US army in the battle of Tippecanoe |
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Who were the War Hawks and what did they want to do? |
Young Congressmen from the West. Wanted to Annex Canada, Fl & TX. Nationalism triumph, and included future national leaders. (Henry C, John C. C., Thomas B) |
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Why did the concencus build the war with England? |
Economic problems remained unsolved Western land policies & desires Wanted Canadian annexation Rise of congressional military
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What happened 5 days after war was declared? |
British softened policy |
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Was the US prepared for the War of 1812? |
No. |
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What were the advantages for the US |
Population & urban centers good for war bases Good country motive |
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What were the disadvantages for the US |
Unprepared army & small untested navy Domestic opposition to war |
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Why did the movement to annex Canada collapse? |
US surrenders Fort Detroit West war became stalemate Not much support for the War Hawks claimed |
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What did Isaac Hull do? |
Defeated the Guerriere and Java |
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What did Stephen Decatur do? |
Beats Macedonian |
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What did Captain Oliver Hazard Perry do? |
Led the battle of Lake Erie and defeats the British |
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What did the British do during the sea wars? |
Navy strong, blockaded Atlantic posts and disrupted trade and economy |
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Napoleon surrenders and cause the British |
Flexibility increase |
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British North and South attacks |
Capture Fort Niagara (last attempt to annex Canada) and tries to take control of Major Rivers. Raided Washington DC and stopped by Baltimore Port military |
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What did Francis Scott Key do? |
wrote the star-spangled banner from British ship |
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What did Andrew Jackson do during the war? |
Led the counter attacks in the South, defended New Orleans from British. Decisive victory, morale booster, fought after peace treaty, & enhanced political career |
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What did the Treaty of Ghent establish? |
Land remains same, other issues unresolved. Better relations with England (Anglo-Americans) |
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What was the Hartford Convention |
Group that Opposed 1812 War and discussed secession South seceding, considered unpatriotic, and treason during the war |
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Federalist lost political respect, which led to |
Single party government |
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Who wins the Election of 1808 |
James Madison (Republican) because of relations with Jefferson. |
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What was the main discussion of 1808 |
Foreign concerns |
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Who wins the election of 1812 |
Madison is re-nominated |
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Who supports Dewitt Clinton |
Federalist |
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What is the main discussion in 1812 |
War of 1812 |
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Who led the Republican Party? |
John Taylor |
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Why did political nationalism increase despite minority opposition |
States rights faction break off from Rep. Nationalist dominant because of the war, boost morale. Few casualties, Indians move further West, because of AJ heroic defense (N.O.) |
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What were the agreements of national issues? |
Tariff - protect industries (good for N, bad for S (export sells) ) tariff exports increase. Internal improvements - Roads and canals, Bank US re-charted, national id with bank won because of sectional loyalist |
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Why did the South still support the tariff |
Think they can benefit from industry |
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What is the "Era of Good Feelings" |
Absence of political conflict |
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Who wins the election of 1816 |
James Monroe (Republican) because he was a veteran of the Jeffersonian political leader and diplomat |
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Who wins the election of 1820 |
James Monroe re-elected |
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What did Americans think about life in the US |
Life was far superior from Europe |
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How did America imitate European models after the revolution? |
Inadequate facilities, emphasis on practical accomplishments, High education limited only for the upper class |
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Who was Washington Irving? |
Wrote "Knickerbockers History of NY" First American author considered serious in England |
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Who was Noah Webster |
Wrote the Dictionary 1806, substituted American spelling and speech patterns |
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Who was James Fenimore Cooper |
Wrote "Last of the Mohicans" |
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Who was Charles Wilson Peale |
Naturalist & painter - portrait of George Washington and other leading patriots Pale's Museum in Philadelphia |
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Who was Gilbert Stuart? |
Painted patriots of the Revolution more life like. (Facial expressions) |
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American Culture developments |
Same departure , largely imitative Lacking sophisticated techniques and suitable themes American intellectual thinly spread |
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What were long range problems |
Global trading patterns Trade generate domestic capital problem mixing industry and agriculture determine proper relation-ship gov and buss. balancing internal conflict and economic interest |
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Merchant trends |
Assume national interest same as personal intr. Max opportunities, trade with everyone Capital increases political power demand internal improvements (transport and communication) |
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Who made the invention of cotton gin |
Eli Whitney |
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What did cotton bring? |
Increase in production demand, exports increased. Slavery reinforced economic and social system Slave price and illegal imports increased Rationalize the institution of slavery in the south |
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What was the government's role |
Decentralize the strong promote business and internal improv over time |
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What would promoting private enterprise bring? |
Finance in internal improv Revenue sharing w/ states. keep money from sale of lands Chartered corporations fed and state gov corp helped faster int imrpov corporate power steadily expand |
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Demography |
Population increase immigration & increase natural growth Westward expansion (gov provide credit) Farmers increase |
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What did Henry Clay try to do? |
Make natural economy self-sufficient |
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What are Protective Tariffs (not approved) |
Help industry. extensive internal improv., recharter US banks for stable currency Primarily the north (all sections benefit) |
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Why were race problems postponed? |
Indians seen as subhumans, so they took land. African slaves - colonial trends & decl of ind not applied to slaves. FREE AND SLAVE STATES THREATENED |
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Tallmadge Amendment |
Slave banned in Missouri, passed in the House / tied in the senate. |
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Tallmadge political controversy |
North feared economic competition of slave balance in senate threatened South emancipation desirable, slavery evil but necessary evil. legally recognized and private property. Not an issue, its a political issue. |
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Missouri Compromise |
Maine admitted as a free state. Slavery prohibited in the Louisiana Territory. Allowed 36 30 |
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What was a problem with England |
Location boundary of Canada and America |
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Rush Bagot Agreement |
Naval disarmament. Agreed to limit American and British vessels on Great Lakes |
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What were mutual interest agreements between US and British |
England concentrate on Europe US wants internal improvements old antagonisms diminished commercial relations restored |
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Transcontinental Treaty of 1819 (Adams-Onis Treaty) |
Spain renounced east Mississippi river and Oregon claim. Boundary us and mexico now 42nd parallel. Claims TX. Gave 10 million for Florida and american claims against Spain |
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Latin American countries revolt against Spain |
Started from Napoleonic War. supported by the British for expansion and trade. US don't support because of negotiations, but trade when the countries gain independence. Spain wants territory back. |
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Monroe Doctrine |
Interests between america and britain. british made first diplomatic move issuing bilateral statements. no more acquiring territories in the western hemisphere. |
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Why did john quicy adams oppose |
statement should be unilateral, which will show strong independent nation. |
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Adams convinces monroe to |
insert policy state of the union speech (monroe doctrine) |
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Monroe Doctrine is effective because |
It would be enforced by the british navy, and US improves internally without foreign interference |
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Tariff of 1816 |
high rates to protect american manufacture and production. penalized agriculture industry. National tariff weakening most favored protective tariff south opposed bc higher price in manu. west generally supports tariff |
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Bank US rechartered in 1816 |
full support of west, but corrupt management |
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Bank reorganized by Langdon Cheves |
tight credit, penalized debtors and state banks. helped preserve bank of US |
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land sales boomed because of |
west economic stability and advanced re movement of indians , and squatter problems |
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preemption law of 1841 |
Squatter first if they could buy 160 acres |
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Sectional basis of conflict |
West easy to buy land north cost land higher in order to build roads and canals. buss thought if cheap land workers would leave |
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John Quincy Adams N |
Secretary of state, nationalist and congress |
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Daniel Webster N |
opposed cheap land and principle of slavery |
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Martin Van Buren N |
organized new york and virginia support and Jacksonian |
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John C. Calhoun S |
Secretary of War, Vice President of John Q and Jack. Helps south dominant leader believed in states rights |
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William H. Crawford S |
Democratic Republican. Compromiser and political leader |
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Henry Clay W |
Secretary of state under John Q. Leader whig party. dominant western |
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Thomas Hart Benton W |
Served in general Jackson war. Strong for western expansion |
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William Henry Harrison W |
first delegate NW territory, lad act 1800. led army Tippecanoe and battle of thames |
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Andrew Jackson W |
Commander, militia in war 1812. strong support SW and W |
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Election of 1824 |
All Democratic Republicans. John Quincy Adams wins Jackson and supporters furious (began planning 1828 elections) |
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John Quincy Adams |
wanted national university, astronomy, scientific research and education, large int improv But no consideration Unpopular administration, because still had Jacksonian's in office |
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Tariff of 1824 |
Rates increased mid states supported england opposed south opposed any tariff Made sectional issues more serious |
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Election 1828 |
bitter personal attacks Easy victory for Andrew Jackson Growth in Votes |
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Tariff 1828 |
Rates High on manuf and raw goods |
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What did John C Calhoun think of the tariff |
crush south permanent minority wrote "South Carolina Exposition and Protest" Acts deemed unconstitutional, declare unconstitutional |
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Jackson Image and approach in politics |
Natural aristocrat, and common man Men had instinctive wisdom. made spoils system |
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Spoils system |
appointing political friends replacing enemies |
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why did Jackson have a poor administration |
relied on intuition and friendly advice, lacked imagination and overly concerned government expenses |
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How did Jackson exercise his power? |
Vetoed 6 bills |
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Pursue on nationalistic policies |
do what the people want tariff reduced, less int improv, price of land no decrease, surplus revenue to states |
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Indian removal act |
Move Indians west of Mississippi |