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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Zeroth Law of T/D |
The zeroth law states that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. Even though it seems silly, it means 2 bodies can be in TE even if they aren't in contact. |
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First Law of T/D |
Energy is a TD property. Ein-Eout= change in E |
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Open system (or control volume) |
A properly selected region in space. Mass and energy can flow through the boundary of the system. These systems include water heaters, car radiators, and turbines. |
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Closed system (or control mass) |
A system with a fixed amount of mass, where no mass can enter or exit the system. |
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Boundary |
Real or imaginary surface surfaces that separates the system from its surroundings. Can be fixed or movable! |
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Extensive properties |
Depend on the size or extent of the system. Ext properties include volume, mass, and momentum. |
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Intensive properties |
Independent of mass or size, such as temperature, pressure, or density. |
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Specific property |
An extensive property per unit mass. |
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Specific volume |
Volume per unit mass. v=V/m. |
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Density |
Mass/volume (kg/m^3) |
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Thermodynamic Equilibrium |
When the temperature is the same throughout a system. No temperature differential. |
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Process |
Any change that a system undergoes from one equilibrium to another. |
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Quasistatic process |
A process in which a system remains really close to an equilibrium state at all times |
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Isothermal process |
A process during which temperature remains constant |
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Isobaric process |
A process during which the pressure remains constant |
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Isochoric process |
A process during which the specific volume stays the same |
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Absolute pressure |
The actual pressure at a given position. Measure relative to the vacuum. |
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Gauge pressure |
The difference between atmospheric pressure and the local atmospheric pressure |
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Vacuum pressure |
The pressures below atmospheric pressure. |
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Pabs= |
Patm+Pgauge |
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Work for a spring= |
(1/2)k((x2^2)-(x1^2)) |
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Energy |
The ability to do work, measured in joules. |
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Internal energy (U) |
The sum of all microscopic forms of energy |
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Sensible energy |
The portion of energy associated with kinetic energies |
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Latent energies |
The internal energy associated with the phase of a system |
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Heat transfer |
An energy interaction with the driving force being a temperature difference. |
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Work |
An energy interaction, or force over a distance. |
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Heat |
The form of energy transferred between 2 systems by virtue of a temperature difference |
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Adiabatic process |
A process in which the system is so well-insulated that heat cannot pass through the boundary, or both the system and the surroundings are the same temperature. |
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Pure substance |
A substance with a fixed chemical composition throughout |
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Subcooled (or compressed) |
Meaning a liquid that is not about to vaporize (plain ole water) |
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Saturated |
About to change states |
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Critical point |
Where saturated liquid and saturated vapor states are identical |
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Triple line |
Where all phase states exist in equilibrium. |
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Equation of state |
Any equation that relates pressure, temperature, and specific volume. Pv=RT |