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35 Cards in this Set

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Zeroth Law of T/D

The zeroth law states that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. Even though it seems silly, it means 2 bodies can be in TE even if they aren't in contact.

First Law of T/D

Energy is a TD property. Ein-Eout= change in E

Open system (or control volume)

A properly selected region in space. Mass and energy can flow through the boundary of the system. These systems include water heaters, car radiators, and turbines.

Closed system (or control mass)

A system with a fixed amount of mass, where no mass can enter or exit the system.

Boundary

Real or imaginary surface surfaces that separates the system from its surroundings. Can be fixed or movable!

Extensive properties

Depend on the size or extent of the system. Ext properties include volume, mass, and momentum.

Intensive properties

Independent of mass or size, such as temperature, pressure, or density.

Specific property

An extensive property per unit mass.

Specific volume

Volume per unit mass. v=V/m.

Density

Mass/volume (kg/m^3)

Thermodynamic Equilibrium

When the temperature is the same throughout a system. No temperature differential.

Process

Any change that a system undergoes from one equilibrium to another.

Quasistatic process

A process in which a system remains really close to an equilibrium state at all times

Isothermal process

A process during which temperature remains constant

Isobaric process

A process during which the pressure remains constant

Isochoric process

A process during which the specific volume stays the same

Absolute pressure

The actual pressure at a given position. Measure relative to the vacuum.

Gauge pressure

The difference between atmospheric pressure and the local atmospheric pressure

Vacuum pressure

The pressures below atmospheric pressure.

Pabs=

Patm+Pgauge

Work for a spring=

(1/2)k((x2^2)-(x1^2))

Energy

The ability to do work, measured in joules.

Internal energy (U)

The sum of all microscopic forms of energy

Sensible energy

The portion of energy associated with kinetic energies

Latent energies

The internal energy associated with the phase of a system

Heat transfer

An energy interaction with the driving force being a temperature difference.

Work

An energy interaction, or force over a distance.

Heat

The form of energy transferred between 2 systems by virtue of a temperature difference

Adiabatic process

A process in which the system is so well-insulated that heat cannot pass through the boundary, or both the system and the surroundings are the same temperature.

Pure substance

A substance with a fixed chemical composition throughout

Subcooled (or compressed)

Meaning a liquid that is not about to vaporize (plain ole water)

Saturated

About to change states

Critical point

Where saturated liquid and saturated vapor states are identical

Triple line

Where all phase states exist in equilibrium.

Equation of state

Any equation that relates pressure, temperature, and specific volume. Pv=RT