Theories Of Personality Exam 2

Front 1

How did eriksons view our motives compared to frued?

Back 1

Like Freud, Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of predetermined stages. Unlike Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages, Erikson’s theory describes the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan.

Front 2

how did eriksons childhood influence his theory?

Back 2

* born Germany 1902

* he did not feel a part of the jewish comuunity

* did not know father

* lacks degreee

Front 3

how did rogers childhood influence his theory?

Back 3

*Born in Oak Park, Illinois in 1902 

*Fourth of six children of upper-middle class, devoutly religious parents

*Briefly attends seminary, intending to become a minister in 1924

*Turned to psychology and earned his Ph.D. from Columbia in 1931

Front 4

how did Maslows childhood influence his theory

Back 4

* born 1908 in NYC

* oldest of 7 russian jewish immigrants

*life long animosity towards mother

*phd in psychology from UWisconsin

Front 5

Eriksons view on on ego development?

Back 5

Ego identity is the conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction. According to Erikson, our ego identity is constantly changing due to new experiences and information we acquire in our daily interactions with others.

As we face each new stage of development, we face a new challenge that can help further develop or hinder the development of identity.

Erikson believed that it is a process that continues throughout life.

Front 6

Eriksons stages

Back 6

trust vs mistrust- 0 to 18 month

autonomy vs shame - 18 months to 3 years

initiative vs guilt - 3-5 years

industry vs inferiority - 5 to 13

identity vs role confusion - 13- 21

intamicy vs isolation - 21-39

generativity vs stagnation - 40 to 65 years

ego intergrity vs dispair - 65 years +

Front 7

epigenetic principle

Back 7

Erikson :

his principle says that we develop through a predetermined unfolding of our personalities in eight stages. Our progress through each stage is in part determined by our success, or lack of success, in all the previous stages.

Front 8

maslow's assumption of motivation

Back 8

assumes whole person is motivated by one need or another

motivation is complex

all people everywhere are motivated by the same basic needs

Front 9

Maslow's relationship with his mother

Back 9

Maslow deeply loathed his mother and wanted no interaction with her whatsoever. His intense hatred originated from the fact that she kept a bolted lock on the refrigerator door. She only removed the lock when she was in the mood. On another occasion, Maslow found two abandoned kittens on the street. He decided to take them home and care for them. One evening, his mother discovered him giving the hungry kittens some milk in the families' basement. She immediately became enraged and smashed the kitten's heads against the basement wall right before the youngster's eyes.

Front 10

self - actualization

Back 10

1. the realization or fulfillment of one's talents and potentialities, especially considered as a drive or need present in everyone.

Front 11

neuortic needs

Back 11

An unproductive relating to other people

Front 12

b- values

Back 12

* WHOLENESS (unity; integration; tendency to one-ness; interconnectedness; simplicity; organization; structure; dichotomy-transcendence; order);
* PERFECTION (necessity; just-right-ness; just-so-ness; inevitability; suitability; justice; completeness; "oughtness");
* COMPLETION (ending; finality; justice; "it's finished"; fulfillment; finis and telos; destiny; fate);
* JUSTICE (fairness; orderliness; lawfulness; "oughtness");
* ALIVENESS (process; non-deadness; spontaneity; self-regulation; full-functioning);
* RICHNESS (differentiation, complexity; intricacy);
* SIMPLICITY (honesty; nakedness; essentiality; abstract, essential, skeletal structure);
* BEAUTY (rightness; form; aliveness; simplicity; richness; wholeness; perfection; completion; uniqueness; honesty);
* GOODNESS (rightness; desireability; oughtness; justice; benevolence; honesty);
* UNIQUENESS (idiosyncrasy; individuality; non-comparability; novelty);
* EFFORTLESSNESS (ease; lack of strain, striving or difficulty; grace; perfect, beautiful functioning);
* PLAYFULNESS (fun; joy; amusement; gaiety; humor; exuberance; effortlessness);
* TRUTH (honesty; reality; nakedness; simplicity; richness; oughtness; beauty; pure, clean and unadulterated; completeness; essentiality).
* SELF-SUFFICIENCY (autonomy; independence; not-needing-other-than-itself-in-order-to-be-itself; self-determining; environment-transcendence; separateness; living by its own laws).

Front 13

metamotivation

Back 13

are the motives behind character growth, character expression, maturation and general development.

Front 14

Maslow's hierarchy

Back 14

psychological needs - breathing, food, water, sex sleep, homeostasis

Saftey- security of body, of employment, of resources, of morality, of health, of property

Love/Belonging - friendship, family, sexual intimacy

Esteem - self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, repect by others

self-actualization - morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts

Front 15

characteristics of self actualizing people

Back 15

1. More efficient perception of reality

2. Acceptance of self, others, and nature

3. Spontaneity, simplicity, and naturalness

4. Problem-centering

5. The need for privacy

6. Autonomy

7. Continued freshness of appreciation

8. The peak experience

9. Gemeinschaftsgefuhl

10. Profound interpersonal relations

11. The democratic character structure

12. Discrimination between means and ends 13. Philosophical sense of humor

14. Creativeness

15. Resistance to enculturation

Front 16

jonah complex

Back 16

The Jonah complex is an abnormal syndrome defined as the fear of being or doing one’s best .

Probably all of us have some timidity about seeking perfection or greatness.

People allow false humility to stifle creativity, and therefore they prevent themselves from becoming self-actualizing.

Front 17

what level of hierarchy do people seek therapy?

Back 17

Middle levels are most common therapy clients

Front 18

Rogers necessary and sufficient conditions of therapy

Back 18

Counselor congruence

Unconditional positive regard • Empathic listening

Front 19

how rogers developed his theory of personality

Back 19

His theory came from his work as a psychotherapist. The aim of the therapy is to facilitate a reintegration of the self-concept. Rogers believed that people know what is causing the psychological imbalance in their lives and that deep down they know what they need to do to regain their balance or self-actualisation to become "Fully Functioning" persons

Front 20

who has a self actulizating tendency

Back 20

Rogers believed that humans have a "Self-Actualizing" tendency - an innate drive that pushes the person to fulfill his potentials.

Front 21

reflection

Back 21

the mirroring of emotional communication

If the client says "I feel horrible!" the therapist may reflect this back to the client by saying something like "So, life's getting you down, huh?" The therapist is communicating to the client that she is indeed listening and cares enough to understand.

Front 22

ideal self

Back 22

Rogers is suggesting something that is always out of our reach, the standard we can�t meet.

Front 23

Six Factors Necessary for Growth in Rogerian Theory

Back 23

1. Therapist-Client Psychological Contact: This first condition simply states that a relationship between therapist and client must exist in order for the client to achieve positive personal change. The following five factors are characteristics of the therapist-client relationship, and they may vary by degree.
2. Client Incongruence or Vulnerability: A discrepancy between the client’s self-image and actual experience leaves him or her vulnerable to fears and anxieties. The client is often unaware of the incongruence.
3. Therapist Congruence or Genuineness: The therapist should be self-aware, genuine, and congruent. This does not imply that the therapist be a picture of perfection, but that he or she be true to him- or herself within the therapeutic relationship.
4. Therapist Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR): The clients’ experiences, positive or negative, should be accepted by the therapist without any conditions or judgment. In this way, the client can share experiences without fear of being judged.
5. Therapist Empathy: The therapist demonstrates empathic understanding of the clients’ experiences and recognizes emotional experiences without getting emotionally involved.
6. Client Perception: To some degree, the client perceives the therapist’s unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding. This is communicated through the words and behaviors of the therapist.
7.

Front 24

acccording to rogers Psychologically healthy people are:

Back 24

• More adaptable

• Open to their experiences

• Live fully in the moment

 Existential living

• Harmonious relations with others

• More Integrated (conscious and unconscious) • Basic trust of human nature

• Greater richness in life