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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Valence shell
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the outermost plane of orbiting electrons in the structure of an atom
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Free electrons
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An electron that has broken away from its home atom to float free
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Electrical current
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the flow of movement of electrons through a conductor
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Ampere
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the unit of measurement of electrical current
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Atom
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The smallest particle of a chemical element that retains the structural properties of that element
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Proton
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A fundamental particle in the structure of the nucleus of an atom;possesses a positive change.
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Neutron
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A fundamental particle in the structure of the nucleus of an atom; possess a neutral charge.
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Electron
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A negatively charged fundamental particle that orbits around the nucleus of an atom
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Nucleus
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The central part of an atom; composed of protons and neutrons
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Centrifugal force
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Force that moves away from the center; for example, the circular motion of electrons spinning around a nucleus generates centrifugal force.
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Potential
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The difference in electrical charge between two bodies, measured in volts
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Volt
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The unit of measurement of electrical potential
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Source
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The origin of electrical potential, such as battery or 120volt wall outlet
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Load
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A device that converts electrical energy into another form of energy; A lamp converts electrical energy to light and heat, an electrical motor converts electricity to mechanical energy.
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Resistance
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The opposition to electron flow within a conductor, measured in ohms; the amount of the resistance is dependent on the chemical makeup of the material through which the electricity a flowing.
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Fuse
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a device to protect a circuit from an overload; has a soft metal strip that melts and breaking circuit continuity
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Circuit Breaker
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a device to protect a circuit from an overload; has magnetic device that trips open, breaking circuit continuity
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Series circuit
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all of the electricity flows through every element of the circuit. If any of the lamps burn out the circuit will be broken, the electricity won't flow, and the remaining lamps will go out.
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Parallel circuit
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only a portion of the electricity flows through each of the branches of the circuit. if one lamp burns out electricity will continue to flow to the rest of the circuit and all other lamps will continue to glow
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Combination circuit
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any electrical circuit that uses a switch to control a lamp is a working example of a combination circuit. Ex (switch, dimmer, fuse, circuit breaker)
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Direct Current
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the electron flow is in one direction only.
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Alternating Current
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The current flow periodically changes polarity, which causes the electron flow to change direction. is easier and cheaper to generate and that there is less voltage loss when the electricity is transmitted over a great distance .
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Ohm's Law
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As voltage increase, current increases; as resistance increases, current decreases.
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Formula for power
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IE
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Formula for Watts
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VA (volts x amps)
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Color Media
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Colored plastic gel or glass filters used to modify the color of light.
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Distribution
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is a catchall term that refers to several elements; 1) direction from which the light approaches an area, actor or object
2) the shape and size of the area that the light is covering 3) the quality of the light-- its diffusion or clarity |
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Intensity
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the actual amount, or level of brightness, of light that strikes the stage or actor.
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Movement
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1) the timed duration of the light cues
2) movement of onstage lights, such as lantern or candle that an actress carries across the stage #) the movement of an offstage light source such as a follow spot or kinetic/moving lights. |
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Selective focus
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directing the spectators attention to the specific place.
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Modeling
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revealing of the form of an object through the pattern of highlight and shadow that is reflected from that object to the eye.
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Mood
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creating a mood with light is one of the easiest and at the same time most difficult aspect of stage lighting.
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Key and Fill
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are frequently used to describe the relationship between the direction and relative intensity of light striking an object.
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Light plot
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is a scale mechanical drawing "a road map" that indicates where the lighting instruments should be placed.
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Centerline
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a leading line that runs perpendicular to the set line from the midpoint or center of the opening of the proscenium
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Instrument schedule
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a form used to record all of the technical data about each instrument used in the production also known as a hookup sheet
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Pipe
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a counter weighted batten or fixed metal pipe that holds lighting instruments.
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The lighting section
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is a scale drawing, normally in the same scale as the light plot, that isn't really a sectional drawing at all.
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The Legend
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or instrument key, provides complete identification information about each instrument used on the plot.
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Focus area
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the focus area of each instrument is identified by a letter placed in front of the lens housing of the symbol for that instrument
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Color
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the color number refers to the specific color media that will be used in that particular instrument
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Beam Designation
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The symbol provides an indication of an elliposidal reflector sprotlight's ERS or other appropriate instrument types focal length or beam angle. This symbol generally isn't used with fresnels.
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Gate Accessory
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Used to indicate if an ERS has an accessory, such as an gobo or other devices, placed in the instrument's gate accessory slot.
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Instrument number
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each instrument needs to be assigned an identification number so that it can be cross-referenced with the instrument schedule, or hook up sheet.
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First electric
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the onstage pipe for lighting instruments that is closest to the proscenium arch.
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Electric
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any pipe that is used to hold lighting instruments
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Dimmers
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an electrical device that controls the intensity of a light source connected to it.
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Wattage
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this number refers to the wattage of the lamp used in that fixture.
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Circuit and or Dimmer number
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this identifies the stage circuit into which the instruments should be plugged.
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The Instrument Schedule
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also known as the hookup sheet, is a specification sheet that contains everything you might want or need to know about every instrument that is used on the production.
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Cut list
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a listing of the colors to be used in the show. Normally listed by gel frames size,
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Hanging cards
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pieces of the light plot, by position , glued to card stock. Used by electricians when hanging the plot.
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Key light
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the analysis of the image of light to determine its controllable qualities is not just an idle intellectual exercise.
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Beam angle
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the point in the cone of light emitted by an instrument where the light is diminished by 50 percent when compared with the out put of the center of the beam.
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Field angle
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that point in the cone of light where the output diminishes to 10 percent of the output of the center of the beam.
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Throw Distance
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How far light from a instrument travels from its hanging position to the center of its focus area
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Working Sectional
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A drawing showing the sectional angle fro a lighting instrument used to determine its trim hight not to be confused with the lighting section
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Lighting cue
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a command to take some type of action involving lighting, usually to raise or lower the intensity of one or more instruments.
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Board operator
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an electrician who runs the lighting control console during rehearsal and performances
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Walk the cues
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to move about the stage as the cues are being run in order to show what the light looks like shinning on a person rather than on the bare stage.
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Focal Length
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the distance from the lens at which the light rays converge into a point for lenses used in stage lighting instruments the focal length is most frequently measured in even inches
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Plano convex lens
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a lens with one flat and one outward curving face
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Diffuse
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to soften the appearance of light by using a translucent filtering element to scatter the rays.
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Filament
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the light producing element of a lamp usually make of tungsten wire
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bulb
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the Pyrex glass or synthetic quartz container for a lamp filament and gaseous environment. Synonymous with envelope.
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Double plano convex lens train
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consists of tow Plano convex lenses placed with their convex surfaces toward each other. inside surface
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Step Lens
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the glass on the flat side is cut away in steps, inside surface
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Fresnel lens
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is a type of step lens with the glass cut away from the convex face of the lens instead of its plano side outside surface
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Incandescent lamp
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contains a tungsten filament that is placed in an inert gas environment inside the lamp bulb.
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Tungsten-Halogen lamp
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difference from incandescent lamp is the atmosphere inside the bulb is halogen, or chemically active, gas instead of an inert gas
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Arc Sources
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produces a brilliantly blue white light that created when an electric current jumps the air gap between two electrodes.
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Light emitting diodes (LED)
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Hight output light emitting diodes
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Microwatt
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One millionth of a watt
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Spectrometer
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a device for measuring specific wavelengths of light
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Gelled
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to put a color filter into a color frame and place it in the color frame holder of a lighting instrument
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Gel
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generic term referring to flexible (gelatin or plastic) color media
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Roundel
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a glass color medium for use with strip-lights frequently has diffusing properties
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Dichroic
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color filters
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Ellipsoidal reflector spotlight
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has a narrow beam width and is capable of traveling long distances
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Zoom Elipse
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an ellipsoidal reflector spotlight with movable lenses that allow the focal length to be charged
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Shutter cut
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the shadow line created by the edge of the shutter when it is inserted into the beam of light emitted by an ERS
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Color Frame
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a lightweight metal holder ofr color media that fits in a holder at the front of a lighting instrument.
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Gobo
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a thin metal templet inserted into an ellipsoidal reflector spotlight to project a shadow pattern of light
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Iris
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a device with movable overlapping metal plates, used with an ellipsoidal reflector spotlight to change the size of the circular pattern of light.
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Fresnel spotlight
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produces a soft, diffused luminescent light
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Barn door
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an accessory for a fresnel spotlight whose movable flippers are swung into the beam to control it.
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Cyc
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creates a smooth wash of light over an expanse of a cyc or drop.
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Ellipsoidal reflector floodlight
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also known as the scoop, is primarily used to light drops and cycloramas
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PAR Can
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parabolic Aluminized reflector
is a sealed beam lamp similar to a headlight of a car |
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Shutter
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a level actuated device used to control the height of the top and bottom edges of a follow spot beam also called a chopper
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Douser
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a mechanical dimming device used in following spot.
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Transformer
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a device that changes the voltage in an electrical system the output voltage of a step down transformer is less than its source a step up transformer increases it
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Legitimate theatre
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refers to plays that rely on the spoken word to convey the message. Does not include musicals reviews, dance, opera or concerts
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Pan
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to rotate an object, such as an ERS about its vertical axis
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Tilt
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to rotate an object about its horizontal axis to pan vertically. This instrument is suspended from a yoke which allows the fixture to both pan and tilt.
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Step motor
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An electric motor whose movement consists of discrete angular step tather than continous rotation. Precise movement is achieved by programming the motor to run, in either direction, for a specific number of steps
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Heat sink
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a metal devide that absorbs heat from an operating unit and dissipates it into the air
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Line
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the wires in low voltage control systems are frequently called "lines" rather than "wires"
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Discrete
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separate and complete in this case pertaining to information represented by binary code
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Multiplex
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1) to transmit two or more messages simultaneously on a single channel
2) To carry out several functions simultaneously in an independent but related manner |
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Fader
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a device usually electronic that effects a gradual changeover rom one circuit to another in lighting gradually changes the intensity of one or more dimmer circuits in sound it changes audio circuits or channels
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Glitch
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a computer/electronic term meaning a system malfunction or error usually of a short term nature
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Volatility
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non permanence in computers a volatile memory will be lost if the computer loses its power supply
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Hard drive
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a computer storage device
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channel control
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an electronic patching system in which one or more dimmers can be assigned to control channel, which in turn controls the intensity level of those dimmers
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Group
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the grouping of tow or more dimmers/ channels under one controller
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Fade in
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a gradual increase in lighting usually from darkness to a predetermined level of brightness
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Fade out
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a gradual decrease in lighting usually from a set level of brightness to darkness
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Split time fade
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a fade in which the fade up and fade out are accomplished at different rates or speeds
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Delay
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Revers to the time interval that the second part of a split time fade follows the first
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cueing
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designing the light cues. Manipulating, and recording , the distribution intensity, movement, and color of the lights for each cue to create the appropriate look for that moment in the play
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two-fer
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an electrical Y that has female receptacles at the top of the Y and a male plug at the bottom leg of the Y used to connect two instruments to the same circuit
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Work lights
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a lighting fixture, frequently a scoop PAR or other wide field angle instrument, hung over the stage to facilitate work generally not used to light a production
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drop box
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a small connecting strip containing four to eight circuits that cam be clamped to a pipe or boom
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floor pocket
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a connecting box. usually containing three to six circuits the top of which is mounted flush with the stage floor.
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Wall pocket
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a connecting box similar to a floor pocket but mounted on the wall
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Aerial perspective
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a optical phenomenon in which objects that are father away appear less sharply in focus and less fully saturated in color
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scenic projector
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a hight wattage instrument used for projecting large format slides or moving images
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slide projector
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a reasonable high output instrument capable of projecting standard 33MM slides
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Hot mirror
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a glas dichoric filter that reflects the infrared spectrum while allowing visible light to pass
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condensing lens
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a device that condenses the direct and reflected light firm a source and concentrates it on the slide plane aperture of a projector
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Slide plane aperture
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the point in a projection system where a slide or other effect is placed
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Objective lens
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a device to focus a projected image on a screen or other surface
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Head
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a housing that holds scenic projector lenses in fixed positions to project images of a specific size
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effects head
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a motor driven unit capable of producing crude moving images with a scenic projector
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