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160 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Theatre is ________, which means that no performance can ever be totally duplicated or
captured.
ephemeral
________ are not allowed to perform professionally in present day Japanese noh and Indian
kathakali performances.
Woman
The great African American Shakespearean actor of the 19th century was ________.
Ira Aldridge
What do we mean when we refer to ”the canon”?
A list of unquestioned great works. The exclusive nature of the canon and its failure to
represent a multiplicity of viewpoints and identities has caused people to question
whether the canon does and should exist.
The theory known as Theatre of Cruelty was developed by ________.
Antonin Artaud
Theatre is different from film and television because the excitement of the theatre comes from
________.
Live Actors
Describe a negative consequence of globalization for the theatre
Erasure of traditional values and the ancient theatre forms that embody them in less
modernized societies. Traditional theatre forms relegated to museum status or tourist
attractions. Appropriation of cultural symbols and rituals without any understanding
of them.
What does it mean to say that theatre is a synthesis of many arts?
Many elements (design, writing, acting, directing, movement, light, etc.) must unite to
form a single artistic vision.
What are some of the dangers of interculturalism?
risk of stereotyping, misusing cultural symbols, cultural appropriation or colonization
The American Broadway musical The Lion King, with its masks and puppets borrowed from
Asian traditions is an example of ________.
interculturalism
________ studies expands the notion of what constitutes a theatrical event.
Performance
In the early decades of the twentieth century, Jacques Copeau, Vsevelod Meyerhold, Bertolt
Brecht, Etienne Decroux and Antonin Artaud all borrowed performance techniques and styles
from what continent?
Asia
________ were hymns sung and danced in praise of the Greek god Dionysus.
Dithyrambs
________ are short comments made to the audience that reveal a character’s inner thoughts,
often to comic effect.
Asides
The emotional release in Greek tragedy is referred to as ________.
Catharsis
Aesthetic distance is ________.
the ability to observe a work of art with detachment and objectivity.
________ are lengthy speeches through which a character who is alone onstage reveals his or
her state of mind.
Soliloquies
Political theatre groups all over the world draw upon local ________ to involve their
communities.
culture and conventions
Although the audience is usually addressed as a group, audience members construct meaning
as ________.
individuals
Whether the audience is made up of people with a shared history or culture, or diverse people
from different regions and cultures, the audience is a temporary ________ tied together for the
duration of the performance.
Community
Verfremdungseffekt is designed to enable the audience to think ________ about the dramatic
action.
objectivity
El Teatro Campesino was a Chicano group founded by ________.
Luiz Valdez
The theatrical convention whereby actors conduct the lives of their characters as though the
audience were not watching is called the ________ wall.
fourth
) In ancient Greek tragedy, it is a theatrical convention that violent events take place ______
offstage
________ is the scaffolding on which a playwright plots a tale to frame or shape the action.
Dramatic Structure
26) For Aristotle, the most important element of tragedy was the ________.
plot
27 Denouement refers to what?
Answer: The tying up of loose ends at the end of the play, the “falling action.”
28) Krogstaad’s threat to Nora in A Doll’s House is an example of an ________, an event that sets
the action into motion.
Answer: inciting incident
29) ________ refers to a mixture of styles and forms generally executed in a playful manner that
comments ironically on the forms themselves.
Pastiche
30) ________ is the repetition of vowel sounds in a line of text.
Assinance
31) ________ refers to the repetition of consonant sounds in a line of text.
Answer: Alliteration
32) August Wilson’s cycle of plays documents the ________ in each decade of the twentieth
century.
Answer: history of the black experience in America
33) American vaudeville traditionally used a ________ structure.
Serial
34) Samuel Beckett’s masterpiece ________ involves two tramps spending their time along a
deserted road waiting for someone who never comes.
Waiting For Godot
35) Eugene Ionesco’s 1950 play ________ follows a circular plot structure whereby the play seems
to end where it began.
Answer: The Bald Soprano
36) Lazzi in commedia dell’arte are ________.
Answer: bits of comic stage business
37) Some scholars believe that puppetry has its origin in ________ practices.
ritual
38) In noh theatre, the hashigakari is a bridge that connects the ________ to ________.
Answer: world of the spirits; our own world
39) ________ are comic pieces generally performed between noh plays.
Answer: Kyogen
40) The original meaning of kabuki is ________.
Answer: “tilted” or “off-kilter”
41) Chairman Mao Zedong banned traditional Chinese operas because of their
________.
content
42) The ________ is a more than two thousand year old authoritative text on Indian sanskrit
drama that continues to influence Indian arts today.
Answer: Natyasastra
43) Chikamatsu Monzaemon, often called the Shakespeare of Japan, wrote his most famous plays
for ________.
Answer: bunraku
44) The onnagata character in kabuki is an idealized woman and is played by a ________.
Answer: man Page
45) ________ is the braggart soldier who is really a coward in commedia dell’arte.
Answer: Capitano
46) The miserly lecherous old man in commedia dell’arte is known as ________.
Answer: Pantalone
47) Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton, silent film stars known for their physical performance
style, are heirs to the great ________ tradition.
Answer: commedia dell’arte
48) The ________ is the written text of a musical.
book
49) The Tectonic Theatre Company and Complicite both create theatre out of ________ among the
company members.
Answer: collaboration
50) The American ________ show was a nineteenth century racist performance style in which
whites both appropriated African American culture and music and simultaneously created the
denigrating blackface.
minstrel
51) A popular American variety show form that relied on skits, stand up routine and knockabout
humor was the ________.
Answer: vaudeville
52) Mambo Mouth and Freak are ________ by John Leguizamo about his life, family and people
from the Latino community.
Answer: solo performance pieces
53) The ________ are storytellers of West Africa who provide an oral history of their communities
through their recitation of epic heroic tales that can go on for hours.
Answer: griots
54) Fires in the Mirror was a solo docudrama by ________ that investigated the riots and murder in
Crown Heights, Brooklyn in 1991.
Answer: Anna Deavere Smith
55) ________ borrows features from opera and incorporates dance, farce and clowning to tell a
romantic story.
Answer: Operetta
56) Robert Wilson constructs performance that focus on ________ and not dramatic language.
Answer: images
57) Rodgers and Hammerstein’s Oklahoma! was noteworthy for choreographer Agnes de Mille’s
use of dance to ________.
Answer: help tell the story
58) Susan Stroman, Twla Tharp and Tommy Tune are all award winning ________.
Answer: choreographers
59) The ________ musical is a story with a fairly complex plot told through spoken text and song.
Answer: book
60) ________ acting is openly artificial and appears where there is a heightened theatrical style.
Answer: Presentational
61) What school and what figure is most closely associated with American method acting?
Answer: The Actors Studio, Lee Strasberg
62) Actors asking “What is happening now? Where am I? When is it?” are attempts to understand
and identify the ________.
Answer: given circumstances
63) ________ is a technique developed and later rejected by Stanislavski whereby an actor calls to
mind a personal memory from his/her life to summon up the appropriate emotion onstage.
Answer: Emotional recall or affective memory
64) The Stanislavski system is more commonly known in the United States as ________.
Answer: the method or method acting
65) The psychological approach to acting is most closely associated with ________.
Answer: Constantin Stanislavski
66) Jerzy Grotowski developed a set of difficult exercises for the actor known as ________.
Answer: plastiques
67) Before the twentieth century, western actors kept their focus and attention on the ________.
Answer: audience Page
68) Kathakali acting identifies nine basic emotional states known as ________.
Answer: bhavas
69) Stanislavski’s magic if enables the actor to ________.
Answer: ask how he/she would behave if he/she were this character in these circumstances
70) Centering is ________.
Answer: the relaxation process through which an actor integrates his/her breath, movement,
feeling, and thought.
71) American director Anne Bogart uses ________, a physical training system which fosters
awareness of the basic components of movement.
Answer: Viewpoints
72) The director, as the role is defined today, only began to take shape in what centuries?
Answer: late 18th, early 19th centuries
73) In the Middle Ages, ________ were the closest thing we have to a director.
Answer: pageant masters
74) When the origin of the idea for a performance comes from the director, not the playwright, we
call that director an ________.
Answer: auteur
75) Director Lloyd Richards is historically significant for ________.
Answer: being the first African American to direct a serious drama on Broadway
76) After the blocking is set, the actors do a ________ of the play from beginning to end without
stopping.
Answer: run-through
77) Directors hold ________ to cast actors for a show.
Answer: auditions
78) The director-auteur may not use a traditional play, but may create a ________ text.
Answer: performance
79) ________ put forth the idea of a marionette that could substitute for the human actor onstage.
Answer: Gordon Craig
80) In the interpretive model of directing, the first job of directors is to choose the ________.
Answer: text or play
81) The director’s job is over on ________ night.
Answer: opening
82) The modern director as visionary, unifier and guide to actors was born in ________’s early
work.
Answer: Stanislavski
83) The ________ gives the director and designers the opportunity to see the costumes under the
stage lights and to make any final changes to wardrobes.
Answer: technical dress rehearsal
84) The ________ refers to the circular playing space where the chorus performed in ancient Greek
theatre.
Answer: orchestra
85) The ________ refers to the retiring house on a raised platform in the ancient Greek theatre
Answer: skene
86) A challenge of designing the set for a play in an arena theatre is ________.
Answer: the inability of having large pieces of scenery on stage
87) To “cheat out” in performance is to do what?
Answer: Remaining at an angle even when talking to someone onstage who is slightly behind
them. Cheating out allows the actor to avoid turning their backs completely to the
audience
88) Lower class spectators who could not afford seats and stood during performances in
Shakespeare’s time were called ________.
Answer: groundlings
89) The ________ is that area of the stage that may protrude past the proscenium arch
Answer: apron
90) In a reaction against realism, some theatre artists felt that ________ theatre, in which several
playing areas are set up simultaneously, would enhance the theatre experience.
Answer: multifocus
91) The ancient Greek and Roman theatres, with their fan shaped audience configurations, are
early examples of ________ stages.
Answer: thrust
92) The location of a performance space reflects ________.
Answer: cultural attitudes towards theatre, or the way in which theatre is valued by a society
93) The Elizabethan thrust theatre contained a small balcony at the back of the stage, which
provided the roof for a curtained ________ where events or items could be concealed or
revealed.
Answer: discovery space
94) How much of the face do Commedia dell’Arte masks generally cover?
Answer: Half
95) The instantaneous onstage costume change known as bukkaeri occurs in ________ theatre.
Answer: kabuki
96) The patch of white on the nose of an actor identifies him as the ________ character in Chinese
opera.
Answer: clown
97) In Europe, before the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, designers as interpreters of
particular plays did not exist. Yes or no?
Answer: yes
98) During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a detailed and heightened realism
called ________ was used.
Answer: naturalism
99) The twentieth century has seen a transition in deign from naturalism to the use of selected
elements of reality, called ________.
Answer: selective realism
100) ________ captured emotional force in design through dramatic use of angles, lines and
distortions to paint the world as perceived by the inner character.
Answer: Expressionism
101) Kathakali’s imaginative, detailed makeup follows strict protocol and character types are
identified primarily by ________.
color
102) ________ are iconic figures in cultures throughout the world, wearing traditional costumes,
masks, or face paint that herald their foolishness and irreverence.
Answer: Clowns
103) ________ performances are punctuated throughout by the sound of tsuke or wooden clappers
struck onto boards.
Answer: Kabuki
104) When all that we see and hear on stage closely resembles the natural world, we are in the
presence of ________ stage design.
Answer: realistic
105) Robert Edmund Jones, Lee Simonson and Norman Bel Geddes were all new stagecraft
designers from what country?
Answer: United States
106) Although set designers may have many immediate responses to the text they are given, they
do not start designing until they have had lengthy discussions with ________.
Answer: the director
107) When light shines on a scrim from the front, the cloth appears ________.
Answer: opaque
108) The texture of a design is suggested through ________.
Answer: the play of light on surfaces.
109) The principle of composition that has to do with symmetry is ________.
Answer: balance
110) A set design that relies on visual statements repeating themselves can create a sense of
________ for the design.
Answer: rhythm
111) The most basic requirement of a set is to serve the ________.
Answer: text and performance.
112) ________ are simple pieces of canvas of varying sizes stretched over a wooden frame.
Answer: Flats
113) If you draw a line down the middle of the stage and the two sides mirror each other, there is
________.
Answer: symmetry
114) ________ can be used as masking, a decorative element, or to outline the playing space.
Answer: Drapes
115) Ornamentation refers to ________.
Answer: the quantity of objects and detail on a set.
116) The ultimate goal of set design is to express the ________ʹs point of view.
Answer: director
117) Ultimately, the person who has the final say regarding the design of a production is the
________.
Answer: director
118) The person who has the final say on how the costumes should look is the ________.
Answer: director
119) All choices in costume design and construction must facilitate the actorsʹ ________.
Answer: blocking or movement Answer: blocking or movement
120) The color ________ is a sign of death and mourning in Japan.
Answer: white
121) The Fables de la Fontaine, directed by Robert Wilson demonstrates the power of ________ to
transform actors into animals and creatures of fantasy.
Answer: masks
122) The first thing the costume designer does is ________.
Answer: read the play
123) The element of costume design best expressed by the exaggerated hourglass silhouette of
1950s dress is ________.
Answer: line
124) As a general rule, are costume designers involved in the casting process. Yes or no?
Answer: no
125) The ________ help launder the clothes and make repairs once the show has opened and the
costume designer has left.
Answer: wardrobe staff
126) Like a policeman’s uniform or physician’s lab coat, costumes can represent a person’s
________.
Answer: profession or occupation
127) Makeup can be divided into three categories: straight makeup, character makeup and
________.
Answer: special effects
128) Costumes can create a representational or ________ stage world.
Answer: presentational
129) A man appearing on stage dressed in women’s clothes or a woman in men’s clothes is referred
to as ________.
Answer: cross-dressing
130) Before he became the Czech president, ________ was imprisoned for his theatrical activity.
Answer: Vaclav Havel
131) The ________ was founded by the U.S. government during the Great Depression as a buffer
against massive unemployment in the arts.
Answer: Federal Theatre Project
132) The Oberammergau Passion Play is a city wide community theatre event that is performed
every ________ years since 1634.
Answer: Ten
133) Some theatres in New York are designated Off Broadway theatres because they have fewer
than ________ seats.
Answer: five hundred
134) A play’s commercial and artistic viability is often determined during a ________, with actors
on their feet, scripts in hand, and minimal set pieces.
Answer: staged reading
135) The ________ is in charge of schedules, staffing and making sure that the information relayed
by the stage manager is carried out.
Answer: production manager
136) The ________ maintains the theatre space, maintains all equipment and stage machinery and
readies the space for performance. In addition he or she supervises the building of the set.
Answer: technical director
137) The taking down of the set and the lights after the show has ended is called the ________.
Answer: strike
138) The ________ are the people who collect all of the costumes and launder, press and repair any
damage that occurred in performance.
Answer: costume crew
139) ________ assist actors who have difficult or rapid costume changes.
Answer: Dressers
140) ________ props are those carried on stage by actors.
Answer: Personal
141) The ________ chooses and places the appropriate microphones and speakers, hooking up
equipment to amplifiers and speakers.
Answer: sound engineer
142) Martin Esslin is an example of the critic as ________ of the theatrical event.
Answer: interpreter
143) The American premiere of what Samuel Beckett play confounded critics in 1956?
Answer: Waiting for Godot
144) ________ have been called ʺintellectual attachesʺ to the theatre, using their skills in critical
analysis and knowledge about stage practice to help create thoughtful and meaningful
productions.
Answer: Dramaturgs
145) Artaudʹs theatre, which he imagined as a dynamic and poetic world of images, sounds and
movement that could assault the senses and sensibilities of the audience, was referred to as
ʺ________.ʺ
Answer: theatre of cruelty
146) French playwright Moliere wrote a short play, appropriately titled The Critique of the School for
Wives for what purpose?
Answer: To answer the critics of his earlier work, The Critique of the School for Wives
147) Hamletʹs advice to the players is an example of onstage ________ by Shakespeare about
theatrical conventions of his day.
Answer: criticism
148) American playwright ________ wrote essays about the theatre and defended his use of the
ʺcommon manʺ as the subject of tragedy.
Answer: Arthur Miller
149) The Lynn Thomson controversy demonstrated the need to clarify the role and responsibility of
the ________.
Answer: dramaturg
150) Many dramaturgs in the United States hold positions as ________ in theatres.
Answer: literary managers
151) The overwhelming pride that leads a character to believe a triumph over the gods could be
possible is ________.
Answer: hubris
152) Categories of drama are referred to as ________.
Answer: genres
153) The government of ancient Greece sponsored an annual theatre competition during a festival
known as ________.
Answer: City Dionysia
154) ________ of Gandersheim was a tenth century nun from Germany and the first known female
playwright.
Answer: Hrotsvitha
155) Medieval plays whereby scenes from the Bible were staged by various guilds were referred to
as ________ plays.
Answer: cycle or mystery
156) Sets for medieval mystery plays were pulled to their performance locations in village squares
on ________.
Answer: pageant wagons
157) ________ plays used allegorical characters to depict moral lessons.
Answer: Morality
158) The early Romantic movement in Germany in the late 18th century that revolted against the
rules of neoclassicism was known as ________.
Answer: sturm und drang
159) Farce is ________.
Answer: A form of comedy that relies on broad slapstick humor, extreme situations and
superficial characterization. Intricate plots are woven out of comic misunderstandings
and coincidences.
160) Shakespeareʹs plays generally follow ________ structure.
Answer: episodic