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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Freedman's Bureau
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Congress established in March 1865. Directed by General Oliver O. Howard. Distributed food to millions of former slaves. Formed schools, and even established some blacks with land of their own. Only permitted to operate for one year.
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Radical's
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Radical republicans were the people who hated the abolishment of slavery and mainly occupied the south.
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Black Codes
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Through the South in 1865 and early 1866 these laws authorized local officials to apprehend unemployed blacks, fine them for vagrancy, and hire them out to private employers to satisfy the fine. Some codes even regulated the jobs they could hold and forced blacks to only hold jobs as plantation workers and servants.
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Fourteenth Amendment
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April 1866. Everyone born in the US, and everyone naturalized, was automatically a citizen and entitles to all the "privileges and immunities" in the Constitution.
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Tenure of Office Act
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1867. Forbade the Pres. to remove civil officials without consent of the Senate.
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Tenant farmers and Sharecropping
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Most newly freed slaves rented land from a "land lord" by either paying a fixed monthly rate or sharing a percentage of their crops.
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"Crop Lien System"
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Store Merchants had no to competition negate their prices, so most farmers had to buy items on credit. They would charge interest rates up to 60% and held a lien (or claim/ percentage) on the borrowers crops as collateral
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Credit Mobilier
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French owned Construction company who helped build the Union Pacific Railroad. Its leaders were members of the UPR board and laundered millions of dollars. They even sold shares to people in congress (vice president)
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Grant Scandals
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Union Pacific Railroad Scandal. Bristow (third treasury secretary) discovered that some officials had whiskey distilleries and were smuggling money. William W. Belknap, secretary of war, accepted bribes to retain indian-post in office.
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"Redeemers"
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Angry whites who tried to basically run out the new laws and not respect blacks as citizens. Mostly inhabiting the north of the Southern States, These whites would form groups such as the KKK to undermine blacks' value within society.
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Booker T. Washington
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African American, Chief Spokesman for the Education of African Americans. He thought blacks should act like middle class whites to gain their respect.
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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said that segregation laws did not deprive blacks if accommodations were equal.
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Poll Tax
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required blacks to have a property qualification to vote and also had tests on the constitution that were confusing and almost impossible to pass.
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Jim Crow Laws
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forced segregation in all aspects of life. Some blacks could not even get beds at a hospital because of their skin color.
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