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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is one of the presumed principal purpose of the sensory thalamus?
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To present a target for the descending cortical influence to refine and focus the ascending sensory stream.
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What things is the thalamus associated with?
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Wakefulness/sleep, attention, emotion, most sophisticated states associated with conscious awareness.
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Anterior Nuclear Group:
Nuclei; Input; Cortical Connections |
None important;
Limbic system; Cingulate Gyrus |
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Medial Nuclear Group:
Nuclei; Input; Cortical Connections |
Mediodorsal;
Olfactory coretex and spinothalamic afferents; Pain is passed to prefrontal cortex Olfactory is passed to insular & orbitofrontal cortex; |
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Lateral Nuclear Group:
Nuclei; Input; Cortical Connections |
Lateral dorsal, Pulvinar posterior, Lateral posterior;
Limbic system, many others; Cingulate gyrus, parietal, temportal, occipital (association cortex) |
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Intralaminar Group:
Nuclei; Input; Cortical Connections |
Centromedian (largest of group); Globus pallidus & pars reticulata of Substantia nigra; Motor cortex & striatum
Sheet like; Ascending input from the spinal cord (spinothalamic), reticular formation, others; Difuse |
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Ventral Nuclear Group;
Nuclei |
Ventral lateral & Ventral anterior
Ventral posterior nucleus (Posterolateral, Posteromedial) Medial geniculate body Lateral geniculate body |
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Auditory pathway of the thalamus:
Name; Origin; Termination; |
Brachium of the Inferior Colliculus;
Ipsi inferior colliculus; medial geniculate body |
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Touch pathway of the thalamus:
Name; Origin; Termination; |
Medial lemniscus;
contra nucleus gracilis & cuneatus; Ventral posteriolateral nucleus |
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Pain, heat pathway of the thalamus:
Name; Origin; Termination; |
Anteriolateral system;
contra dorsal horn; Ventral posteriolateral nucleus |
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Facial senstation pathway of the thalamus:
Name; Origin; Termination; |
Trigeminothalamic tract;
contra spinal nucleus V; Ventral posteriomedial nucleus |
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Taste, viscerosenstation pathway of the thalamus:
Name; Origin; Termination; |
Solitariothalamic tract;
ipsi nucleus solitarius; Ventral posteriomedial nucleus |
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The lateral geniculate body (LGB) projects to?
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The lateral geniculate body (LGB) projects to THE PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX (V1) OF THE OCCIPITAL LOBE.
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The medial geniculate body (LGB) projects to?
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The medial geniculate body (LGB) projects to THE PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX IN THE TEMPORAL LOBE.
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The Pulvinar is?
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The Pulvinar is a collection of nuclei located in the most posterior region of the thalamus.
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Pulvinar means what in Latin?
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"empty throne" e.g. a seat for god
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What are the 4 subnuclei of the pulvinar?
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The oral,
inferior,
lateral,
and
medial subnuclei make up the thalamus.
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What inputs/outputs does the inferior & lateral pulivar have?
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Widespread connections with the visual cortical association areas.
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What inputs/outputs does the oral pulvinar have?
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Predominantly with somatosensory cortical association areas.
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What inputs/outputs does the medial pulvinar have?
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Widespread connections with cingulate, posterior parietal, and prefrontal cortical areas.
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How is the pulvinar represented across species?
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It varies largely. In humans it accounts for 40% of the Thalamus.
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What other names is the pulvinar known as?
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Grouped as lateral posterior pulvinar complex.
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What does the pulvinar have to do with attention?
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The pulvinar has input from the superior colliculus that influences pulvinar output to V2 in the visual cortex, which regulates visual attention.
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What is the pulvinar though to be concerned with, visually?
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Primarily with the location of an object in space and less related to shape or pattern of an object.
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What is the ventrobasal complex and where is it located?
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Just
rostral
to
the
geniculates
is
the
ventrobasal
complex,
the
somatosensory
thalamus
(VPL/VPM)
.
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Where does the ventral posteriolateral nucleus receive input from?
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It receives input from the dorsal columns & the spinothalamic pathways, but the two remain segregated.
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Where does the ventral posteriomedial nucleus receive input from?
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It receives input from trigeminothalamic fibers, conveying sensation from the face and head. Gustatory (taste) sensation from solitary nucleus.
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Is the intralaminar nucleus phylogenetically old or new?
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Old.
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Where does the intralaminar nucleus receive input from?
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The cerebral cortex, vestibular nuclei, globus pallidus, superior colliculus, reticular formation, and spinothalamic tract.
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Where does the intralaminar nucleus send output to?
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The putamen, caudate, and collaterals to the cortex.
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What is the physiologic
role
of
the
centromedian nucleus? |
The physiologic
role
of
the
centromedian involves attention and arousal, including control of cortical activity. |
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Where does the mediodorsal nucleus receive its input from?
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The
mediodorsal
nucleus
(MD)
receives pain afferents from the lateral spinothalamic and trigeminothalamic tracts, and descending input from olfactory cortex - this is the only way that olfactory afferent input reaches the thalamus – by way of the cortex. |
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Where does the mediodorsal nucleus output?
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Targets
include
frontal
lobes and insular/ orbitofrontal cortex. |
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What makes up the motor thalamus?
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The Ventral
anterior
and
ventro‐
lateral nuclei. |
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Where do the Ventral
anterior
and
ventro‐lateral
nuclei receive input from?
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They receive cerebellar
and
basal ganglia input. |
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Where do the Ventral
anterior
and
ventro‐lateral
nuclei project to?
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They
project
to
pre‐motor and supplemental motor cortex (areas 4 and 6) . |
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Where does the
anterior
nuclear
group
receive input from?
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The
anterior
nuclear
group
receives input from the mammillothalamic tract and limbic system. |
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Where is the anterior
nuclear
group
located?
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The rostral end of the dorsal thalamus
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Where does the anterior nuclear group project?
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It projects to the cingulate gyrus, which can be thought of as the motor cortex of the limbic system (visceromotor).
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What is the reticular nucleus (RT) of the thalamus?
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A nucleus under cortical control, which provides inhibitory input to various thalamic nuclei, whether or not they have intrinsic inhibitory cells.
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Where is the reticular nucleus located?
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The reticular nucleus is a shell of GABAergic neurons surrounding the anterior and lateral aspects of the thalamus just inside the internal capsule.
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