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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where does the S.C. end?
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conus medullaris
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What are the two S.C. enlargements and what do they supply?
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cervical enlargement C5-T1 supplies upper limbs
lumbosacral enlargement L2-S4 supplies lower limbs |
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What level does the conus medullaris end?
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L2
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what structure is the cauda equina located in?
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lumbar cistern
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What is the filum terminale and what does it do?
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Its the terminal pia mater and it anchors the S.C.; laterally attach to dura.
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Where to do a lumbar puncture?
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empty space between L2-S2; puncture is performed at the level of L3/L4 or L4/L5
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What are denticulate ligaments?
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extensions of the pia that run through the ventral and dorsal root at each level and attach to the dura and arachnoid
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Where is CSF contained?
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the subarachnoid space
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Where is the epidural space and what does it contain?
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It is between the wall of the vertebral canal and the dura and contains fat, blood vessels, including hte internal venous plexus; not located in brain
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where is an epidural injected?
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the sacral hiatus; the anesthesia diffuses through the fat; and the number of spinal nerves affected can be somewhat conrolled.
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Is there an epidural space in the brain?
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no.
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what do the dorsal rami and ventral rami of spinal roots supply?
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dorsal rami supply deep back muscles and muscles overlying. ventral rami supply everything else and all plexuses.
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What spinal nerve is compressed by a herniated L4/L5 disk?
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the L5 nerve; it always compresses the next lower nerve.
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What causes an intervertebral disk herniation and where does it normall protrude?
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a weakened annulus fibrosus; it normall protrudes posterolaterally because of lack of ligamentous support in that area.
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what type of herniation may affect several spinal nerves?
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a central (posterior) disc herniation
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What arteries supply the S.C. an where do they arise from?
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one anterior spinal artery from 2 branches off the vertebral arteries; several posterior spinal arteries from 2 branches off the vertebral arteries.
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What are the segmental spinal arteries and what do they supply?
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They arise from vertebral, cervical, posterior intercostal, and lumbar arteries and supply the segmental medullary brances (supply ASA and PSA) and the radicular arterteries (supply nerve roots)
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Where do venous plexuses of the epidural space drain to?
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they drain to the segmental veins, which communicate with the veins of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis.
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Whatare the intermediate group of back muscles? What do they do?
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serratus posterior superior and inferior; assist with respiration
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how can metastases of cancer in the pelvis, abdomen and thorax go to the S.C.?
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migrate through the venous plexuses which are continuous with the venous plexuses of the pelvis, abdomen and thorax.
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What is the innervation and action of the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis?
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N.: dorsal rami of middle and lower cervic nerves;
action: extension, lateral flexion and rotation of head and neck |
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what is the innervation and action of the erector spinae?
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innervation: dorsal rami
action: extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column |
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What are the innervation and actions of the transversospinalis
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innervation: dorsal rami
actions: extends the vertebral column and rotates it to the opposite side |
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What muscles make up the deep back group?
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2 splenius muscles, erector spinae, transversospinalis
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what is the major action of the semispinalis capitis?
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extend head and neck; and exception from the other semispinalis muscles.
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