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31 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What level did unemployment reach in 1931?

2.7 million

What internal migration trend was revealed by the 1931 census?

A small movement of people to London to look for work; there was no mass migration from depressed areas to areas with work

What trend in consumer goods could be seen during the 1930s?

A rise in the availability of electrical household appliances such as washing machines, electric cookers and vacuum cleaners. This improved the quality of life of many women, who had a smaller burden of housework.

By how much did prices go up between 1914 and 1940, and by how much did wages go up in the same period?

Prices - up 2.25x


Wages - up 3.5x

How many new council houses were built in the period between the two world wars, and what percentage were built on suburban estates?

1.1 million - 90%

What three amenities were included in new suburban council houses built between the two World Wars, which represented a step up in living standards for many new tenants?

-Electricity


-Running water


-Indoor toilets

What three things did Seebohm Rowntree's second study of poverty in York find in 1936?

-Three quarters of unemployed men and their families lived in poverty, although this was based on a higher poverty line


-The proportion of families in poverty had fallen from 28% to 18% since 1900


-A long-term improvement in working-class living standards and middle-class affluence

What industry mainly catering to females experienced rapid growth during the 1930s, and why?

Cosmetics - more working-class women were wearing make-up and perfume

How many people took a paid holiday in 1939, partly as a result of the 1938 Holidays with Pay Act, and what was the corresponding figure in 1920?

11 million in 1939, 1.5 million in 1920

Why were government public works programmes on a much smaller scale in Britain than in the USA or Germany?

The government, subsequently led by Ramsay MacDonald, Stanley Baldwin and Neville Chamberlain, never embraced John Maynard Keynes' ideas

What did the 1934 Special Areas Act do?

Gave (only) £2 million of aid to the most depressed areas of Britain

What trends in unemployment could be observed during the 1930s?

An initial peak, followed by a steady fall from 1933 onwards. Structural unemployment remained, however, with the staple industries in as poor a state in the 1930s as in the 1920s.

What did the 1933 and 1935 Housing Acts do?

Gave subsidies to local government that cleared slums; the subsidies were used to build council homes

What three things most benefitted the middle classes during the 1930s?

-Housing, due to cheap money


-Consumer goods, housing appliances and cars


-Entertainment and holiday

What development in London was seen as symbolic of the large divide between working-class and middle-class society in the 1930s?

In a north London suburb, a high brick wall was erected at the end of the road to keep "the others" out of sight

What was the unemployment rate in Jarrow in 1934?

70%

What was the Jarrow March?

200 men marched 300 miles from Jarrow to London to petition the government to intervene in their situation

For what two reasons did the Jarrow March elicit significant public sympathy?

-The marchers conducted themselves in a very orderly manner

-It was obvious that the scale of unemployment in Jarrow had left the town in a sorry state

In what ways was the Jarrow March both successful and unsuccessful?

-Successful - it raised awareness of the town's plight


-Unsuccessful - Baldwin refused to meet them; when they returned, some marchers found their unemployment benefit had been stopped when they returned

By how much did book sales increase during the decade following 1929?

They nearly quadrupled

What three social developments expanded the number of books read during the 1930s?

-Public and subscription-based libraries


-Book clubs


-Cheap paperbacks, especially those sold by Penguin

What proportion of people owned a radio in 1939, and what was the corresponding figure in 1932?

1939 - Three-quarters


1932 - One-half

How many cinemas were there in Britain in 1939, and how many tickets were sold each week?

5,000 cinemas selling 20 million tickets

For what two reasons did cinemagoing increase during the 1930s?

-It was incredibly cheap


-It provided something to do for the unemployed

What was the 7.5% quota, established by the 1927 Cinematograph Act, for the percentage of films that had to be British made raised to in 1935?

20%

What three main international developments created fears of a global rise in extremist politics?

-Fascism in Germany, Italy, and Spain


-Communism in Russia


-Militarism in Japan

In what way did the Spanish Civil War affect Britain?

Many members of the Communist Party of Great Britain went to fight for the republicans

What was the Peace Ballot, and what did it show?

A huge survey conducted by the League of Nations seeking the public's opinion on disarmament - it found widespread support for the principles of the League and disarmament

Which two left-wing authors went to Spain during the Spanish Civil War, and what did they do there?

George Orwell - fought on the side of the republicans


Ernest Hemingway - reported on it

What did the Left Book Club do?

Published books which exposed the wrongs of fascist dictatorships; its influence went beyond the 50,000 members it had in affecting the views of other authors and opinion formers

Which group was set up in 1937 to counter the Left Book Club, and what did it do?

The Right Book Club - published books countering communist views (it became discredited as many of its authors were seen as too sympathetic to fascism)