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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What level did unemployment reach in 1931? |
2.7 million |
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What internal migration trend was revealed by the 1931 census? |
A small movement of people to London to look for work; there was no mass migration from depressed areas to areas with work |
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What trend in consumer goods could be seen during the 1930s? |
A rise in the availability of electrical household appliances such as washing machines, electric cookers and vacuum cleaners. This improved the quality of life of many women, who had a smaller burden of housework. |
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By how much did prices go up between 1914 and 1940, and by how much did wages go up in the same period? |
Prices - up 2.25x Wages - up 3.5x |
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How many new council houses were built in the period between the two world wars, and what percentage were built on suburban estates? |
1.1 million - 90% |
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What three amenities were included in new suburban council houses built between the two World Wars, which represented a step up in living standards for many new tenants? |
-Electricity -Running water -Indoor toilets |
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What three things did Seebohm Rowntree's second study of poverty in York find in 1936? |
-Three quarters of unemployed men and their families lived in poverty, although this was based on a higher poverty line -The proportion of families in poverty had fallen from 28% to 18% since 1900 -A long-term improvement in working-class living standards and middle-class affluence |
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What industry mainly catering to females experienced rapid growth during the 1930s, and why? |
Cosmetics - more working-class women were wearing make-up and perfume |
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How many people took a paid holiday in 1939, partly as a result of the 1938 Holidays with Pay Act, and what was the corresponding figure in 1920? |
11 million in 1939, 1.5 million in 1920 |
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Why were government public works programmes on a much smaller scale in Britain than in the USA or Germany? |
The government, subsequently led by Ramsay MacDonald, Stanley Baldwin and Neville Chamberlain, never embraced John Maynard Keynes' ideas |
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What did the 1934 Special Areas Act do? |
Gave (only) £2 million of aid to the most depressed areas of Britain |
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What trends in unemployment could be observed during the 1930s? |
An initial peak, followed by a steady fall from 1933 onwards. Structural unemployment remained, however, with the staple industries in as poor a state in the 1930s as in the 1920s. |
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What did the 1933 and 1935 Housing Acts do? |
Gave subsidies to local government that cleared slums; the subsidies were used to build council homes |
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What three things most benefitted the middle classes during the 1930s? |
-Housing, due to cheap money -Consumer goods, housing appliances and cars -Entertainment and holiday |
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What development in London was seen as symbolic of the large divide between working-class and middle-class society in the 1930s? |
In a north London suburb, a high brick wall was erected at the end of the road to keep "the others" out of sight |
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What was the unemployment rate in Jarrow in 1934? |
70% |
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What was the Jarrow March? |
200 men marched 300 miles from Jarrow to London to petition the government to intervene in their situation |
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For what two reasons did the Jarrow March elicit significant public sympathy? |
-The marchers conducted themselves in a very orderly manner
-It was obvious that the scale of unemployment in Jarrow had left the town in a sorry state |
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In what ways was the Jarrow March both successful and unsuccessful? |
-Successful - it raised awareness of the town's plight -Unsuccessful - Baldwin refused to meet them; when they returned, some marchers found their unemployment benefit had been stopped when they returned |
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By how much did book sales increase during the decade following 1929? |
They nearly quadrupled |
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What three social developments expanded the number of books read during the 1930s? |
-Public and subscription-based libraries -Book clubs -Cheap paperbacks, especially those sold by Penguin |
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What proportion of people owned a radio in 1939, and what was the corresponding figure in 1932? |
1939 - Three-quarters 1932 - One-half |
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How many cinemas were there in Britain in 1939, and how many tickets were sold each week? |
5,000 cinemas selling 20 million tickets |
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For what two reasons did cinemagoing increase during the 1930s? |
-It was incredibly cheap -It provided something to do for the unemployed |
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What was the 7.5% quota, established by the 1927 Cinematograph Act, for the percentage of films that had to be British made raised to in 1935? |
20% |
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What three main international developments created fears of a global rise in extremist politics? |
-Fascism in Germany, Italy, and Spain -Communism in Russia -Militarism in Japan |
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In what way did the Spanish Civil War affect Britain? |
Many members of the Communist Party of Great Britain went to fight for the republicans |
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What was the Peace Ballot, and what did it show? |
A huge survey conducted by the League of Nations seeking the public's opinion on disarmament - it found widespread support for the principles of the League and disarmament |
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Which two left-wing authors went to Spain during the Spanish Civil War, and what did they do there? |
George Orwell - fought on the side of the republicans Ernest Hemingway - reported on it |
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What did the Left Book Club do? |
Published books which exposed the wrongs of fascist dictatorships; its influence went beyond the 50,000 members it had in affecting the views of other authors and opinion formers |
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Which group was set up in 1937 to counter the Left Book Club, and what did it do? |
The Right Book Club - published books countering communist views (it became discredited as many of its authors were seen as too sympathetic to fascism) |