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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Give the modern and ancient versions of the selection problem. |
Ancient: So many Wildebeest, so little time! Modern: Being struck in traffic. |
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Describe the selection problem. |
Competing functional (motivational) system: At any point in time, which system should be permitted to direct motor output (behaviour)? - Spatially distributed - Processing in parallel - All act through final common motor path |
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What is encephalisation? |
Competition between cortical & sub-cortical loops. |
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What are the individual units sensitive to specific sub-sets of sensory data? |
- Energy balance (levels of circulating, levels of nutrients, external presence/absence of food) - Threat (rat - objects appearing in upper visual field) |
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Who came up with an architectural solution to the selection problem? |
Snaith & Holland (1990) |
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What was Snaith & Holland's (1990) solution? |
Central selection architecture - control engineering. - Multiple competing functional systems - Segregated loops: Phasic excitatory input Tonically active inhibitory output - Selective disinhibition: a mechanism for selection |
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What are the two types of selective disinhibituation? |
Qualitative model = PR Quantitative analysis = Kevin Gurny |
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What happens in action selection of rat foraging? |
Motivations: - Hungry: 24hrs food deprived - Frightened: placed in open area Behaviour: - Initially keeps close to walls & corners - Collects food - Returns to corner to eat Major objective: To perform sustained sequences of "purposive" behaviour in a 'natural' environment |
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What was Brook's ideology, and what is drawn from it? |
Control architecture of the robot decomposes into 'behavioural units' (wall-seek, corner-seek, can-pick-up), rather than functional units (perception, planning, motor control). Within each 'unit' there are sensory, integrative & motor-command components. Certainly no central 'world model' into which all available sensory data is compiled. |
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What happens in Robot Action Selection? |
Motivation: Hunger Fear 5 Behavioural Sub-systems: Wall seek Wall follow Can seek Can pick-up Can deposit 8 Infra-red sensors detect: Walls Corners Cans Gripper sensors detect: Presence/absence of can |
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What are some different regions of BG that select between different sorts of competitors? |
- Motivation/emotion - Cognition: ideas/memories/plans - Sensorimotor: stimuli/actions |
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What is the human condition? |
New brain options compete with old brain options. |
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What are some disorders of selection? |
Phobias: Trigger stimuli harmless => uncontrollable fear Anxiety-panic Stress: Situations not dangerous => incapacitating anxiety PTSD: Situations not dangerous => trigger stimuli Addictions: Explicit knowledge of detrimental consequences => powerless in the face of sensory stimuli associated with food, drink and sex Head vs. Heart: Situations where we should know better |
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What are some selection disorders of BG? |
Parkinson's: Akinesia => inability to disinhibit (select) any channel Bradykinesia => partial ability to disinhibit Schizophrenia - ADHD - Tourette's: Dysfunctional 'soft-switching' Winners win small, losers win small Vulnerable to interrupt Obsessive Compulsive Disorder - Drug Addiction: Dysfunctional 'hard-switching' Winners win big, losers win big Resistant to interrupt - preservation |
