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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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german workers party |
DAP founded in 1919 by Anton Drexker in Munich right-wing, nationalist |
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idea of a pure german race |
volkisch (DAP idea) |
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aims of DAP |
classless society limit company profits |
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DAP membership 1919 |
50 members |
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hitler joined DAP |
1919 |
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DAP membership growth |
1100 in june 1919 to 55000 in nov 1923 |
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DAP speeches |
anti-semitic anti-weimar pro aryan race |
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25 point programme written |
feb 1920 |
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DAP changed name |
1920 NSDAP nationalist socialist german workers party |
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NSDAP newspaper |
Volkischer Beobachter People’s observer |
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protection squads organised into |
gymnastics and sports section |
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SA set up |
1921 stormtroopers |
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SA led by |
Ernst Rohm |
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SA nickname |
brown shirts |
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reasons for munich putsch |
-economic crisis of 1923: hitler believed he could overthrow the gvmt in munich then march on berlin -he’d been impressed by mussolini’s power grab in italy and he felt he had the support to succeed -he wanted to gain support of the gvmt of bavaria led by von Kahr, along with army chief von Lossow and police chief von Seisser as they’d never fully supported Weimar |
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events of the munich putsch |
nov 1923 hitler and 600 nazis seize the Burgerbraukeller when von Kahr, Seisser and Lossow were attending a meeting he held them at gunpoint so they supported him but he allowed them to leave and they changed their minds troops and police were called hitler matched through munich but his men only had 2000 rifles 16 nazis and 4 policemen were killed hitler arrested and nazi party banned |
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hitlers trial and imprisonment |
hitler arrested along with general ludendorff and tried for treason in feb 1924 trial lasted 1 month and gave him nationwide publicity to criticise weimar and the treaty of versailles he was found guilty but judges treated him leniently sentenced to 5 years (minimum sentence) served 9 months in landsberg prison and wrote mein kampf a |
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bamberg conference |
1926 hitler strengthened position as leader he won over strasser (who became propaganda leader) and goebbels (made gauleiter of berlin) forced rohm to resign as SA leader and promoted ernst von solomon created SS and introduced Hitler youth |
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hitler became fuhrer of nazi party |
1926 |
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voting support under hitlers leadership |
he tried to win support of urban voters before 1928 but then turned his attention to rural voters, farmers and peasants party numbers rose from 27000 in 1925 to 100000 by the end of 1928 they only had 12 seats in the reichstag in 1928 compared to 32 in 1924 |
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impact of depression |
germany had 5 years of prosperity with help of US loans wall street crash oct 1929 and death of stresemann led to a crisis bankers and financiers withdrew loans made under dawes plan international trade and exports fell rapidly unemployment rose and farmers struggled with falling prices homelessness and unemployment rose unemployment over 6mil in 1932 |
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impact of depression on weimar |
economic crisis chancellor muller replaced by heinrich bruning of the centre party bruning has no majority so relied on hindenburg using article 48 reichstag used less bruning called general election in 1930 in which nazis won 107 seats and became second biggest party bruning defending more on hindenburg and couldn’t win support following unemployment and food shortages (hunger chancellor) resigned in 1932 |
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german communist party |
nazi support increased due to middle class fear of a communist takeover german communist party (KPD) was largest communist party in europe polled more than 10% of vote in elections 1932 they took 13.2% of the vote compared to hitlers 30.1% |
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use of propaganda |
hitler increased support from 1929-33 through; mass rallies, posters in prominent places and banners so the nazis appeared everywhere goebbels understood the mass media and how to manipulate large audiences- he made the message simple and repeated it everywhere by early 1930s the nazis owned 120 newspapers and they used the radio to spread their message |
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success in elections |
nazi message- weimar gvmt has caused economic crisis and weak coalition gvmts had nothing to offer played on resentment of the treaty of versailles and november criminals and blamed jews 1930 election went from 12 seats 1928 to 107 in 1930 |
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presidential election 1932 |
hitler stood against hindenburg nazis used modern tech (aeroplanes to speak at as many as 5 cities per day) goebbels ensures mass rallies and the idea of hitler as a national political figure hindenburg lost out on the 50% of votes needed so there was another vote hitler gained votes (11,340,000 in vote one and 13,420,000 in vote two) this led to greater success in next elections |
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financial support for nazis |
party received funds from leading industrialists like thyssen, krupp and bosch who were terrified of the communist threat and trade unions by 1932 hitler had links with the national party (DNVP) whose leader was a leading newspaper tycoon |
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the SA and the communists |
SA used to disrupt communist meetings ernst rohm appointed leader in 1931 within a year membership rose from 100000 to 170000 hitler wanted to show he could stamp out communist threats |
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hitlers electoral appral |
his speeches attracted many and helped increase party membership 25 point programme he was a war hero and ordinary man in one public image had charisma |
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election july 1932 |
violence in the run up to the election (100 killed and more than 1125 wounded in clashes between parties) more people voted in july election than ever before nazis won 230 seats and were largest party in reichstag chancellor von paper didn’t give up his post and schemes with hindenburg hitler demanded list of chancellor but hindenburg refused |
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von papen and november 1932 election |
not possible for any party to achieve a majority and impossible to maintain a coalition von papen dissolved the reichstag in sept 1932 and set new elections he believed nazis would lose momentum which they did: went from 37.4% of vote to 33.1% |
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von schleicher and hitler becomes chancellor |
von papen couldn’t secure majority and suggested abolishing weimar constitution von schleicher, minister of defence, persuaded hindenburg this could cause a civil war von papen resigned von schleicher proposed a unified party (left and right) von papen thought he could control hitler and plotted to make him chancellor with papen as vice chancellor he convinced hindenburg this gvmt would save germany on the 30th jan hitler became chancellor through political and democratic means |
