The Respiratory System- A&p Ii Chapter 22

Front 1

The largest passageways of the bronchial tree that lack cartilage are called ____

Back 1

bronchioles

Front 2

the depth of inspiration is governed by the firing frequency of neurons in a nucleus of the medulla oblongata called the ____

Back 2

inspiratory center (or DRG)

Front 3

the ability of the lungs to inflate easily, called pulmonary ____, is reduced in certain fibrotic diseases of the lungs

Back 3

compliance

Front 4

Peripheral chemoreceptors of respiration are located in the _____

Back 4

aortic or carotid bodies

Front 5

The ____ disorders of respiration do not affect vital capacity but do reduce the FEV and maximum voluntary ventilation

Back 5

obstructive

Front 6

The _____ of the pons is only hypothetical

Back 6

apneustic center

Front 7

T/F: The expiratory center of the medulla oblongata normally controls each expiration

Back 7

false

Front 8

T/F: In order to determine the vital capacity, we do not need to know the residual volume of the lungs

Back 8

true

Front 9

____ can be described as the percent of the vital capacity that can be exhaled in a given time such as 1 second?

Back 9

FEV 1.0

Front 10

________can be described as an obstructive pulmonary disorder?

Back 10

emphysema

Front 11

_______can be described as the collapse of all or part of a lung

Back 11

atelectasis

Front 12

_____ can be described as the final defense against inhaled debris

Back 12

alveolar macrophages

Front 13

_____ describes the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled in one breath

Back 13

vital capacity

Front 14

all parts of the respiratory tract that do not participate in gas exchange with blood are known as the

Back 14

conducting zone

Front 15

trace the route of air flow in the respiratory tract

Back 15

pharynx- larynx- trachea- bronchi- bronchiole

Front 16

the posterior limit of the nasal cavity is

Back 16

the choanae

Front 17

the -___ consist of mucous membranes supported by the turbinate bones

Back 17

conchae

Front 18

the largest cartilage:
-thyroid
-corniculate
-arytenoid
-epiglottic
-cricoid

Back 18

thyroid

Front 19

the primary purpose of the erectile tissues of the resp tract is to allow

Back 19

each nasal fossa to be periodically rehumidified

Front 20

the lower resp tract begins at

Back 20

the glottis

Front 21

type II alveolar cells produce _____

Back 21

pulmonary surfactant

Front 22

the difference between the amount of air you normally inhale with each breath and the amount you can inhale with maximum effort is

Back 22

the inspiratory reserve volume

Front 23

in spirometric measurements, the difference between a volume and a capacity is

Back 23

a capacity is determined by adding two or more respiratory volumes

Front 24

gasping, labored breathing, or "craving for air" is called

Back 24

dyspnea

Front 25

the ___ pressure is the gas pressure between the parietal and visceral pleurae minus the gas pressure in the alveoli

Back 25

transpulmonary

Front 26

which of these would not cause atelectasis:
-emphysema
-tumor blocking a tertiary bronchus
-chest puncture
-pneymothorax
-a marble caught in a child's bronchus

Back 26

emphysema

Front 27

___ protects the lungs from damage by over-inflation

Back 27

inflation reflex

Front 28

expiration is normally a passive process resulting from the ____ of the thoracic cage

Back 28

elasticity

Front 29

the hilum of the lung is on its

Back 29

mediastinal surface

Front 30

which structure is MOST important in keeping food out of the trachea?

Back 30

vocal/vestibular folds

Front 31

cricoid is not a ____ sinus like sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary, and frontal

Back 31

paranasal

Front 32

vibrissae are

Back 32

nasal guard hairs

Front 33

the smallest passageways in the lung to have ciliated epithelia are

Back 33

respiratory bronchioles

Front 34

the valsalva maneurver

Back 34

increases pressure in the abdominal cavity

Front 35

in keeping with ____, the warming of air as it is inahled is one factor that inflates t he lungs

Back 35

Charles's Law

Front 36

the pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume (assuming constant temp) is what law?

Back 36

Boyle's Law

Front 37

The total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its i ndividual gases is what law?

Back 37

Dalton's Law

Front 38

transpulmonary pressure is greater than zero during expiration and in

Back 38

pneumothorax

Front 39

suppose atm. pressure at a given time is 765 mmHg, the intrapleural pressure during inspiration is 759mmHg, and the intrapulmonary pressure is 763mmHg. Under these conditions, the transpulmonary pressure would be

Back 39

-4 mmHg

Front 40

suppose a person has a tidal volume of 650 mL, insp. reserve vol. of 3400 mL, an anatomic dead space of 155mL and resp rate of 14 bpm. what would the AVR be?

Back 40

6.93 L/min (tidal vol- ana.dead space)xresp rate

Front 41

the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves carry signals from the peripheral chemoreceptors to-___

Back 41

the medulla oblongata

Front 42

the dilated chamber inside the ala nasi of the external protruding nose is called the ____ and is lined by ___ epithelium.

Back 42

vestibule; stratified squamous

Front 43

the narrow air passages which cause turbulence are called ____ and are lined by ____

Back 43

meatuses; ciliated pseudostratified columnar

Front 44

the ___ houses the pharyngeal tonsils and receives the auditory tubes, while the ___ houses the palatine and lingual tonsils

Back 44

nasopharynx; oropharynx

Front 45

the vocal cords are anchored in the ___ cartilage and are controlled by movement of ___ cartilage(s)

Back 45

thyroid; arytenoid and corniculate

Front 46

inhaled foreign objects tend to lodge more in the right bronchus because it

Back 46

is wider and more vertical than the left

Front 47

particles stuck in mucus are moved out of the bronchioles, bronchi, and trachea to the __ by ___

Back 47

pharynx; movement of cilia

Front 48

the left lung has ___ lobes and the right lung has ___ lobes to make room for the ____

Back 48

2; 3; heart

Front 49

the bronchioles have walls with ___ that are contracted by stimulation of the ___NS

Back 49

smooth muscle; parasympathetic

Front 50

most of the wall of an aveolus consists of ___. Cells that wander the lumens of the aveoli and surrounding CT are called___.

Back 50

squamous (Type I) alveolar cells; alveolar macrophages

Front 51

Your resting ventilation rate is about ___.

Back 51

600 mL/min

Front 52

When you inhale, your lungs expand easily becuase they have...

Back 52

high compliance

Front 53

Surface tension at the surface of the water and air in alveoli resists inspiration. To decrease this surface tension, the great (Type II) alveolar cells release _____

Back 53

pulmonary surfactant.

Front 54

If your chest expands, you would predict the intrapulmonary pressure to ___ because of ___ Law

Back 54

decrease; Boyle's**

Front 55

your frequency of breathing is 12 bpm; your tidal volume is 500 mL; your vital capacity is 4700 mL; your dead space is 150 mL. your AVR is ___mL/min.

Back 55

4200**

Front 56

the amount of air that can be exhaled with max. effort after max. inspiration is called___, and the amount of air left that cannot be exhaled is called __.

Back 56

vital capacity; residual volume

Front 57

You opened a can of soda and poured it into a glass. The CO2 formed bubbles in the soda because the partial pressure of CO2 in the a ir above the soda ___, which is explained by ___ Law.

Back 57

increased; Charles'

Front 58

you measured yoru resting breathing frequency at 12 bpm with a tidal vol. of 500 mL per breath. you exercised by riding a bicycle and peddled as fast as you could for 20 min. you then stopped and measured your breathing freq. and t.v. again. you would predict that your breathing frequency would ___ and your t.v. would ____.

Back 58

increase; increase

Front 59

to help expel abdominopelvic contents during urination, defecation, or childbirth we often take a ddeep breath, hold it , and then contract the abdominal muscles. this is called the

Back 59

valsalva maneuver

Front 60

the inspiratory and expiratory centers are located in the ___, while the apneustic and pneumotaxic centers are located in the ____.

Back 60

medulla oblongata; pons

Front 61

normal quiet breathing is AKA

Back 61

eupnea

Front 62

the nuclei responsible for the eupnea is the

Back 62

DRG (dorsal respiratory group)

Front 63

the pressure between the two layers of pleura

Back 63

intrapleural pressure

Front 64

intrapleural pressure usually drops about __ mmHg during inspiration

Back 64

2

Front 65

pressure within the alveoli is called

Back 65

intrapulmonary pressure

Front 66

the difference between intrapleural and intrapulmonary pressure is the

Back 66

transpulmonary pressure

Front 67

The presence of air in the pleural cavity is known as

Back 67

pneumothorax

Front 68

respiratory distress syndrome is often treated by

Back 68

administering artificial surfactant

Front 69

premature infants often have a deficiency of _______ and experience great difficulty breathingq

Back 69

pulmonary surfactant

Front 70

increased rate and depth of breathing in response to excercise, pain, other conditions

Back 70

hyperpnea

Front 71

which brainstem resp nucleus is indispensable to respiration?

Back 71

DRG

Front 72

Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG)

Back 72

especially important in stimulating the abdominal muscles and others that produce deep breaths

Front 73

Pneumotaxic Center

Back 73

regulates chemical concentration; its output inhibits the DRG and terminates inspiration. therefore, the strong output from this center makes each breath shorter and increases resp rate