The Origin And Spread Of Modern Humans

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Anatomically modern humans (AMHs)

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evolved from an archaic Homo sapiensAfrican ancestor. they replaced,or Interbred with, Neandertals

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Herto

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very early (160,000-154,000 B.P.) AMHs found in Ethiopia.

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White and Asfaw:

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finds near village of Herto aregenerally anatomically modern

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Leakey:

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Omo Kibish remains from 195,000 B.P.appear to be earliest AMH fossils yet found

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Cro Magnon

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the first fossil find (1868) of an AMH, from France's Dordogne Valley.

Early AMHs in Western Europe often referred toas?

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Pääbo:

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2.5% of Neandertal genome moresimilar to the DNA of living Europeans andAsians than to African DNA

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6 m.y.a.

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hominin ancestors originated in Africa and became habitual bipeds

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2.6 m.y.a.

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hominins were making crudestone tools

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1.7 m.y.a.

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hominins had spread from Africato Asia and eventually Europe

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Around 200,000 years ago

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AMHs evolved fromancestors who had remained in Africa

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behavioral modernity

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fully human behaviorbased on symbolic thought and culturalcreativity

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Klein

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human creativity dawned suddenlyaround 45,000 years ago

• Neurological hypothesis

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Gamble

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rise of modern human behavior a result of increasing social competition

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White

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personal adornment in Africa and theMiddle East shows that human creativecapacity existed among AMHs long beforethey reached Europe

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Upper Paleolithic

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toolmaking has beentraditionally associated with AMHs in Europeand emphasized blade tools

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Blade tools

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the basic Upper Paleolithic tool,hammered off a prepared core

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Hudjashov

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native Australian/New GuineanmtDNA samples fit into one of four branchesassociated with spread of modern humans out ofAfrica between 70,000 and 50,000 B.P.

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Clovis tradition

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sophisticated stonetechnology based on a sharp point thatwas fastened to end of a hunting spear

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cave paintings

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date back some36,000 years

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Most cave paintings concentrated in?

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southwestern France and northern Spain

• Lascaux

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Various magical or ritual functions

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• Often occur in clusters

• A kind of pictorial history

• Coincides with period of glacial retreat