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44 Cards in this Set

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Olfactory

Smell

Nose

Optic

Sight

Eyes

Oculomotor

Movement of the eyeball; constriction of pull (up and in)

Rolling eyes

Trochlear

Movement of eyeball(down and in)

Cross eyes

Trigeminal

Sensation in face, scalp, and teeth; contraction of chewing muscles (Touch, Forehead and Cheek, Clench Teeth)

Triangle on face

Abducens

Movement of the eyeball (side to side)

Being nosey

Facial

Taste, contraction of facial muscles; secretion of saliva (Taste for the Anterior 2/3 of Tongue)

Smile

Acoustic

Hearing, sense of equilibrium

Hearing aid

Glossopharyngeal

Taste, sensory for vital signs, contraction of pharynx, secretion of saliva (posterior 1/3 of the tongue)

Speech

Vagus

Sensory in vital signs, speaking, decreases heart rate, peristalsis (contraction of GI)

Defecation (slowed heart rate)

Spinal Accessory

Contraction of neck and shoulder muscles

Shrugging shoulder

Hypogiossal

Movement of tongue

Lick

Medulla

Vital signs: cardiac centers (regulate heart rate), vasomotor centers (regulate the diameter of blood vessels) BLOOD PRESSURE, respiratory centers (regulate breathing)

Reflex center: cough, sneezing, swallowing, and vomitting (Spinal cord to the pons and is anterior to the cerebellum

Pons - "bridge"

Two respiratory centers that work with the medulla to produce normal breathing

Upper part of medulla

Midbrain

Visual and auditory reflexes (Visual reflex - duck or twist away from seeing something) (Auditory reflex - turning to a sound)

Pons to the hypothalamus

Cerebellum

Movement - coordination, regulation of muscle tone, maintenance of posture and equilibrium. Certain sensory functions

Inferior to occipital lobes of cerebrum. Control movement without thinking about it Ex walking..

Hypothalamus

1. ADH and oxytocin


2. Regulation of body temp


3. Regulation of food intake


4.Integration of ANS


5. Stimulation of visceral responses


6. Regulation of body rhythms


7. Release hormone

Function of the nervous system

1.To detect changes and feel sensations


2.To initiate appropriate responses to changes


3.To organize information for immediate use and store it for future use

2 divisions of nervous system

1.central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain.


2.peripheral nervous system(PNS) consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Nerve cells

Neurons, or nerve fibers

Myelin Sheath

A phospholipid that electrically insulates neurons from one another

Without it neurons will short - circuit just as wire

3 groups of neurons

Sensory, motor, interneurons

Sensory neurons

Carry impulses from receptors to the central nervous system

Receptors

Detect external or internal changes and send the information to the CNS in the form impulses by way of the different neurons

Detect a change (the stimulus) and generate impulses

Motor neurons

Carry impulses from the central nervous system to effectors. 2 effectors of muscles and glands

Transmit impulses from CNS to effector

Nerve

A group of axons and/or dendrites many Neurons, with blood vessels and connective tissue

Sensory nerves

Made only of sensory neurons

Transmit impulses from receptors to the CNS

Motor nerves

Made only of motor Neurons, autonomic nerves are motor nerves

Mixed nerve

Contains both sensory and motor neurons. Most of our peripheral nerves, such as the sciatic nerves in the legs, are mixed nerves

Spinal cord

Traits impulses to and from the brain and is the integrating center for the spinal cord reflexes

Spinal nerves

31 pairs

Thoracic

12 pairs

Reflex

An involuntary response to a stimulus, that is, an automatic action stimulated by a specific change of some kind

Spinal cord reflexes

Don't depend directly on the brain, although the brain may inhibit or enhance them

Effector

Performs it's characteristic action

Brain

Made of approximately 100 billion neurons and contains trillions of synapses, all of which functions as an integrated whole

Ventricles

4 cavities within the brain: 2 lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, 4 ventricle

They lined with ciliated ependymal cells and filled with CSF

Thalamus

Concerned with sensations - integrates the impulses from the cutaneous receptors and from the cerebellum suppresses unimportant sensations

Superior to the hypothalamus and inferior to the cerebrum

Association areas

Personality, sense of humor, ability to reason and use logic

Occipital lobes

Visual areas - interpret what is seen

Temporal lobes

Olfactory areas - sense of smell


Auditory areas - for hearing

Parietal lobes

General sensory areas, feel and interpret cutaneous sensations, taste areas

Cerebrum

Consists of 2 hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum. Surface is gray matter is called cerebral cortex which is folded extensively.

Largest part of the human brain. A band of 200 million neurons that connects the right and left hemispheres

Frontal lobes

Motor areas - generate the impulses for voluntary movement. Left motor area controls the right side and the right motor area controls that left side

Left lobe for most right - handed people Broca's Motor Speech controls mouth movement