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244 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cephal/o |
head |
|
cerebell/o |
little brain, cerebellum |
|
cerebr/o |
brain, cerebrum |
|
crani/o |
skull, cranium |
|
encephal/o |
brain |
|
gangli/o |
swelling, knot |
|
mening/i |
membrane |
|
mening/o |
membrane |
|
myel/o |
spinal cord, medulla, myelin |
|
neur/o |
nerve |
|
phren/o |
mind |
|
psych/o |
mind |
|
radic/o |
nerve root |
|
redicul/o |
nerve root |
|
vag/o |
vagus nerve |
|
ventricul/o |
little belly, ventricle |
|
a- |
without, absence of |
|
hyper- |
excessive, abnormally high, above |
|
hypo- |
deficient, abnormally low, below |
|
par- |
alongside, abnormal |
|
poly- |
excessive, over, many |
|
esthesi/o |
sensation |
|
phasi/o |
to speak |
|
-algesia |
pain |
|
-algia |
condition of pain |
|
-asthenia |
weakness |
|
-ia |
condition of |
|
the inability to speak |
aphasia |
|
a generalized pain in the region of the head |
headache |
|
the clinical term for a headache |
cephalalgia |
|
a series of involuntary muscular spasms |
convulsion |
|
a series of involuntary muscular spasms caused by an uncoordinated excitation of motor neurons that trigger muscle contraction |
seizure |
|
an extreme sensitivity to painful stimuli |
hyperalgesia |
|
an extreme lack of sensitivity to normally painful stimuli |
hypoalgesia |
|
an abnormal increase in sensitivity to a stimulus |
hyperesthesia |
|
pain in a nerve |
neuralgia |
|
generalized body fatigue |
neurasthenia |
|
a disease of unknown origin that produces widespread pain of musculoskeletal structures of the limbs, face, and trunk (but not joints) |
fibromyalgia |
|
the abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling |
paresthesia |
|
pain in a nerve |
neuralgia |
|
pain in many nerves |
polyneuralgia |
|
a temporary loss of consciousness |
syncope |
|
epi- |
upon, over, above, on top |
|
hemi- |
half |
|
intra- |
within |
|
mono- |
one |
|
para- |
alongside or abnormal |
|
quadri- |
four |
|
ather/o |
fatty |
|
aut/o |
self |
|
embol/o |
plug |
|
gli/o |
glue |
|
gnos/o |
knowledge |
|
hem/o |
blood |
|
hydr/o |
water |
|
later/o |
side |
|
my/o |
muscle |
|
narc/o |
numbness |
|
poli/o |
gray |
|
scler/o |
hard |
|
thromb/o |
clot |
|
vascul/o |
little vessel |
|
-al |
pertaining to |
|
-ar |
pertaining to |
|
-cele |
hernia, swelling, protrusion |
|
-ic |
pertaining to |
|
-ion |
process |
|
-ism |
condition or disease |
|
-itis |
inflammation |
|
-lepsy |
seizure |
|
-malacia |
softening |
|
-oma |
tumor |
|
-osis |
condition of |
|
-pathy |
disease |
|
-plegia |
paralysis |
|
-rrhage |
abnormal discharge |
|
-troph |
development |
|
-us |
pertaining to |
|
the inability to interpret sensory information |
agnosia |
|
a disease characterized by gradual deterioriation in brain function |
Alzheimer disease |
|
a disease characterized by progressive atrophy of muscle |
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
|
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
Lou Gehrig disease |
|
developmental disorder that varies in severity |
autism |
|
condition of muscular paralysis |
palsy |
|
condition characterized by paralysis of the face muscle on one side |
Bell palsy |
|
inflammation of the cerebellum |
cerebellitis |
|
an abnormal bulging of an arterial wall |
aneurysm |
|
a bulging wall of a blood vessel in the brain |
cerebral aneurysm |
|
accumulation of fatty plaques that cause arteries supplying the brain to gradually close |
cerebral atherosclerosis |
|
a moving blood clot in an artery of the brain |
cerebral embolism |
|
condition of a stationary blood clot in an artery of the brain |
cerebral thrombosis |
|
abnormal loss of blood from the circulation |
hemorrhage |
|
bleeding from cerebral blood vessels |
cerebral hemorrhage |
|
a condition that appears at birth or shortly afterward as a partial muscle paralysis |
cerebral palsy |
|
an acute event that is an irreversible death of brain cells caused by inadequate blood supply to the brain |
stroke |
|
stroke |
cerebrovascular accident |
|
abnormally decreased consciousness |
coma |
|
an injury to soft tissue that results from a blow or violent shaking |
concussion |
|
physical damage to the cerebrum that results in head pain, dizziness, and sometimes nausea |
cerebral concussion |
|
severe brain injury; often involves bleeding that can result in functional losses and death |
traumatic brain injury |
|
inflammation of the brain |
encephalitis |
|
an abnormal softening of brain tissue |
encephalomalacia |
|
a brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, including convulsion and temporary loss of consciousness, that results from sudden, uncontrolled bursts of electrical activity in the brain |
epilepsy |
|
a tumor of neuroglial cells |
glioma |
|
a congenital disease characterized by an abnormally increased volume of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain |
hydrocephalus |
|
drains excess fluid in the brain |
CSF shunt |
|
a benign tumor of the meninges |
meningioma |
|
inflammation of the meninges |
meningitis |
|
a protrusion of the meninges |
meningocele |
|
a protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord |
meningomyelocele |
|
a congenital defect in which a child is born with a protrusion of the meninges, usually caused by a defect in the skull or spinal column |
spina bifida |
|
a disease characterized by the deterioration of the myelin sheath covering axons within the brain |
multiple sclerosis |
|
inflammation of the spinal cord |
myelitis |
|
a sleep disorder characterized by sudden uncontrollable episodes of sleep, attacks of paralysis, and hallucinations |
narcolepsy |
|
inflammation of a nerve |
neuritis |
|
inflammation of many nerves at once |
polyneuritis |
|
a tumor originating from neurons |
neuroma |
|
a disease affecting any part of the nervous system |
neuropathy |
|
a disease affecting many parts of the nervous system |
polyneuropathy |
|
a condition of paralysis of the lower body, including both legs |
paraplegia |
|
a condition of paralysis of a single limb |
monoplegia |
|
a condition of paralysis on one side of the body |
hemiplegia |
|
a condition of paralysis from the neck down including all four limbs |
quadriplegia |
|
a chronic, degenerative disease of the brain characterized by tremors, rigidity, and shuffling gait |
Parkinson disease |
|
a disease characterized by inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord |
poliomyelitis |
|
an acute, often fatal, viral infection of the central nervous system that is spread from the saliva of an infected source |
rabies |
|
rabies |
hydrophobia |
|
inflammation of the ventricles of the brain |
ventriculitis |
|
an- |
without, absence of |
|
angi/o |
blood vessel |
|
dur/o |
hard |
|
ech/o |
sound |
|
electr/o |
electricity |
|
ganglion/o |
swelling, knot |
|
rhiz/o |
nerve root |
|
tom/o |
to cut |
|
-ectomy |
surgical excision, removal |
|
-gram |
record or image |
|
-graphy |
recording process |
|
-iatry |
treatment, specialty |
|
-ist |
one who specializes |
|
-logy |
study or science of |
|
-lysis |
loosen, dissolve |
|
-plasty |
surgical repair |
|
-rrhaphy |
suturing |
|
-tome |
cutting instrument |
|
-tomy |
incision, to cut |
|
a common form of pain management; includes aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen |
analgesics |
|
codeine and morphine |
opioid analgesics |
|
the primary type of pain management that is used during surgical procedures |
anesthesia |
|
a physician who specializes in anesthesia and the management of pain |
anesthesiologist |
|
a specialist trained in the administration of anesthetics |
anesthetist |
|
an injection made into a nerve to block the conduction of impulses between the nerve and the CNS |
nerve block anesthesia |
|
a diagnostic procedure that reveals blood flow to the brain by X-ray photography |
cerebral angiography |
|
a procedure that involves the use of a computer to interpret a series of images and constructs from them a three-dimensional view of the brain |
computed tomography |
|
the surgical removal of part of the cranium |
craniectomy |
|
a surgical incision through the cranium to provide access to the brain |
craniotomy |
|
surgical knife used to perform a craniotomy |
craniotome |
|
a procedure that uses ultrasound technology to record brain structures |
echoencephalography |
|
a general type of treatment to manage neurological disorders |
effectual drug therapy |
|
medication that reduces patient anxiety levels |
antianxiety |
|
medications that control symptoms occurring in diseases such as epilepsy |
anticonvulsants |
|
medications that are effective against fever |
antipyretics |
|
medications that combat depression |
antidepressants |
|
medications that reduce hallucinations and confusion |
antipsychotics |
|
medications that are often used to calm agitated and anxious patients |
tranquilizers sedatives |
|
strong mediations that produce stupor or induce sleep |
narcotics |
|
a diagnostic procedure that records electrical impulses of the brain to measure brain activity |
electroencephalography |
|
the injection of a spinal block anesthetic into the epidural space |
epidural |
|
a group of diagnostic tests that measure changes in brain waves during particular stimuli to determine brain function |
evoked potential studies |
|
the surgical removal of a ganglion |
ganglionectomy/gangliectomy |
|
the withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid from the lumbar regions of the spinal cord |
lumbar puncture |
|
spinal tap |
lumbar puncture |
|
a diagnostic procedure in which powerful magnets are used to observe soft tissues in the body |
magnetic resonance imaging |
|
X-ray photograph of the spinal cord following injection of a contrast dye |
myelogram |
|
a procedure of taking an X-ray photograph of the spinal cord following injection of a contrast dye |
myelography |
|
the surgical removal of a nerve |
neurectomy |
|
the branch of medicine specializing in the treatment of disorders affecting the nervous system |
neurology |
|
a physician who specializes in neurology |
neurologist |
|
physician who specializes in brain or spinal cord surgery |
neurosurgeon |
|
the procedure of separating a nerve by removing unwanted adhesions |
neurolysis |
|
the surgical repair of a nerve |
neuroplasty |
|
the suture of a nerve |
neurorrhaphy |
|
incision into a nerve |
neurotomy |
|
a noninvasive procedure that provides blood flow images using techniques combined with radioactive isotope labeling |
positron emission tomography |
|
the branch of medicine that addresses disorders of the brain resulting in mental, emotional, and behavioral disturbances |
psychiatry |
|
physician who specializes in mental illness |
psychiatrist |
|
drug therapy targeting the brain |
psychopharmacology |
|
psychiatric therapy |
psychoanalysis |
|
the study of human (or mind, mental) behavior |
psychology |
|
a subdiscipline of psychology that treats patients suffering from behavioral disorders and emotional trauma |
clinical psychology |
|
the technique used in treating behavioral and emotional issues |
psychotherapy |
|
a surgical incision into a nerve root |
radicotomy |
|
another name for radicotomy |
rhizotomy |
|
a series of diagnostic tests performed to observe the body's response to touch stimuli |
reflex testing |
|
reflex tests that involve percussion |
deep tendon reflexes |
|
a procedure in which several branches of the vagus nerve are severed (with an incision) to reduce acid secretion in the stomach |
vagotomy |
|
bi- |
two |
|
dys- |
bad, abnormal, painful, difficult |
|
ment/o |
mind |
|
schiz/o |
to divide, split |
|
somat/o |
body |
|
-lexia |
pertaining to a word or phrase |
|
-mania |
madness, frenzy |
|
-pathy |
disease |
|
-phobia |
fear |
|
a mental disorder in which anxiety dominates a person's behavior |
anxiety disorder |
|
a neurological disorder characterized by short attention span and poor concentration |
attention deficit disorder |
|
a neurological disorder characterized by short attention span, poor concentration, and hyperactivity; usually associated with school-age children but can also affect adults and makes learning very difficult |
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
|
a mental disorder characterized by alternating periods of high energy and mental confusion with low energy and mental depression |
bipolar disease |
|
an impairment of mental function characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and confusion; it is usually associated with old age and sometimes accompanies Alzheimer disease |
dementia |
|
a reading handicap in which the brain reverses the order of some letters and numbers |
dyslexia |
|
an emotional disorder of abnormally high psychomotor activity |
mania |
|
a form of mania in which an individual believes oneself to be a person of great fame or wealth |
megalomania |
|
an emotional disorder that involves a counterproductive way of dealing with mental stress |
neurosis |
|
a mental disorder including persistent delusions of persecution that results in mistrust and combativeness |
paranoia |
|
a mental experience of fear without substantive cause |
paranoia |
|
an irrational, obsessive fear |
phobia |
|
a disorder caused by a severe mental strain or emotional trauma that includes sleeplessness, anxiety, and paranoia |
posttraumatic stress disorder |
|
a general term for a mental or emotional disorder |
psychopathy |
|
a mental disease characterized by a gross distortion or disorganization of mental capacity |
psychosis |
|
the influence of the mind over bodily functions, especially disease |
psychosomatic |
|
a mental condition characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and extensive withdrawal |
schizophrenia |
|
AD |
Alzheimer disease |
|
ADD |
attention deficit disorder |
|
ADHD |
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
|
ALS |
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
|
CNS |
central nervous system |
|
CP |
cerebral palsy |
|
CSF |
cerebrospinal fluid |
|
CT (CAT) scan |
computed (axial) tomography scan |
|
CVA |
cerebrovascular accident (stroke) |
|
DTR |
deep tendon reflexes |
|
EchoEG |
echoencephalography |
|
EEG |
electroencephalography |
|
EP |
evoked potential |
|
LP |
lumbar puncture |
|
MRI |
magnetic resonance imaging |
|
MS |
multiple sclerosis |
|
PD |
Parkinson disease |
|
PET |
positron emission tomography |
|
PNS |
peripheral nervous system |
|
PTSD |
posttraumatic stress disorder |
|
TBI |
traumatic brain injury |