The Lymphatic System: Short Answer

Front 1

The lymphatic system arises in the tissues and extends toward the __________.

Back 1

heart

Front 2

The lining of the lymphatic capillaries, like that of the blood capillaries, consists of __________________.

Back 2

endothelium

Front 3

The largest lymphatic vessel of the body is the ________________.

Back 3

thoracic duct

Front 4

The thoracic duct empties its contents into a vein known as the _________________.

Back 4

subclavian vein

Front 5

The thoracic duct drains the left side of the head and chest and the entire body below the _________________.

Back 5

diaphragm

Front 6

The valves of the lymphatic vessels operate in a manner similar to the valves of the __________________.

Back 6

veins

Front 7

Lymp is filtered in masses of tissue known as __________.

Back 7

lymph nodes

Front 8

The two major types of cells in the lymph nodes are T-lymphocytes and _______________.

Back 8

B-lymphocytes

Front 9

Lymph vessels entering the lymph nodes are referred to as ________________.

Back 9

afferent lymphatic vessels

Front 10

Extensions of the lymph node capsule pass into the lymph node and separate it into smaller ______________.

Back 10

lobules

Front 11

The main cells of the lymph nodes are supported by a series of _______________.

Back 11

reticular fibers

Front 12

The cells of the lymph nodes are arranged densely within the outer portion of the lymph node called the ____________.

Back 12

cortex

Front 13

At the center of the lymph node, the region is known as the _______________.

Back 13

medulla

Front 14

In the process of immunity, the lymph nodes serve as the sites for the production of __________________.

Back 14

antibodies

Front 15

In the neck tissues, the lymph nodes are known as the _______________.

Back 15

cervical lymph nodes

Front 16

Those lymph nodes located in the armpits are called __________________.

Back 16

axillary lymph nodes

Front 17

Lymph nodes may be found in the popliteal fossa, which is located behind the ___________________.

Back 17

knee

Front 18

Aggregates of lymph node tissue located behind the epithelial lining of the oral cavity are called ___________.

Back 18

tonsils

Front 19

One of the important tonsils is located at the surface of a bone known as the _______________.

Back 19

palatine bone

Front 20

Nodules of lymphoid tissue found in the wall of the intestinal tract are called _______________.

Back 20

Peyer's patches

Front 21

Primitive cells are modified to form T-lymphocytes within an organ called the __________________.

Back 21

thymus

Front 22

The thymus is located in the body in a cavity called the _______________.

Back 22

thorax

Front 23

The thymus is relatively large during the development of the _______________.

Back 23

fetus

Front 24

The spleen is located in the upper portion of a cavity called the _______________.

Back 24

abdominal cavity

Front 25

The area where large blood vessels enter and leave the spleen is known as the _____________________.

Back 25

hilus

Front 26

Blood entering the spleen does so by way of the __________________.

Back 26

splenic artery

Front 27

The spleen is the organ in the body where destruction occurs in ________________.

Back 27

red blood cells

Front 28

Lymph consists of fluid derived from ______________.

Back 28

interstitial fluid

Front 29

The lymph contains substances unable to pass into the capillaries such as ____________________.

Back 29

proteins

Front 30

Lymph sometimes has a milky consistency due to the presence of ______________.

Back 30

fats

Front 31

Lymph vessels lining the wall of the ileum and jejunum are known as ____________.

Back 31

lacteals

Front 32

An accumulation of tissue fluid in the spaces between the cells is a condition called ____________________.

Back 32

edema

Front 33

Development of the immune system begins about the third month after ______________.

Back 33

conception

Front 34

B-lymphocytes are so-named because they are formed in the embryonic chick in an organ called the bursa of _______________.

Back 34

Fabricius

Front 35

During formation, B- lymphocytes position on their cell membranes a number of receptor sites consisting of ___________________.

Back 35

antibodies

Front 36

Those substances capable of stimulating the immune system are known as _____________________.

Back 36

antigens

Front 37

Normally a person's own proteins and polysaccharides do not stimulate the immune system because they are interpreted as ______________.

Back 37

self

Front 38

Antigens may enter the bloodstream when they penetrate the skin from a bite by a(n) ________________.

Back 38

arthropod

Front 39

The immune system reaches maturity several weeks after a person's _____________.

Back 39

birth

Front 40

To initiate the immune process, foreign organisms are engulfed by macrophages in the process of ___________.

Back 40

phagocytosis

Front 41

The T-lymphocyte that participates in both major immune processes is the ______________.

Back 41

helper T-lymphocytes

Front 42

The immune process in which a direct interaction between body cells and microorganisms takes place is called _____________.

Back 42

cell-mediated immunity

Front 43

The T-lymphocyte that exerts a direct interaction with infected body cells is the _________________.

Back 43

cytotoxic T-lymphocytes

Front 44

Substances secreted by T-lymphocytes that attract macrophages to an infection site are called _____________.

Back 44

lymphokines

Front 45

T-lymphocytes that prevent the immune process from becoming overactive are called _______________.

Back 45

suppresser T-lymphocytes

Front 46

Antibodies are produced by cells derived from B-lymphocytes and known as __________________.

Back 46

plasma cells

Front 47

The macromolecule composing antibody molecules is ______________.

Back 47

protein

Front 48

Antibodies can occur in various types including IgA, IgE, IgM, IgD, and __________.

Back 48

IgE

Front 49

The reaction between the antibody molecule and the antigen molecule is said to be highly _______________.

Back 49

specific

Front 50

Because the polypeptide chains of the antibody molecule diverge, the molecule is often depicted in the shape of the letter _________________.

Back 50

Y