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200 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acetabulum
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rounded depression, or socket (where femur joins the pelvis)
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acromion
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outward extension of the shoulder bone; articulates with clavicle to form shoulder joint
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articular cartilage
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thin layer of cartilage occurring at the ends of long bones and covering bone to bone
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calcium
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one of the mineral constiuents of bone; calcium phosphate major calcium salt
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cancellous bone
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spongy, porous, trabecular bone
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cartilaginous tissue
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flexible, rubbery connective tissue
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collagen
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dense connective tissue strands found in bone
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compact bone
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hard, dense bone tissue
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condyle
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knuckle-like process at the end of a bone near a joint
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cranial bones
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skull bones
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diaphysis
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shaft, or midportion of a long bone
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disc
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flat, round, plate-like structure; cartilaginous between vertebrae
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epiphyseal plate
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cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place
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epiphysis
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each end of a long bone; area beyond the epiphyseal plate
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facial bones
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bones of the face
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fissure
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narrow, slit-like opening between bones
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fontanelle
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soft spot between the skull bones of an infant
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foramen
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opening or passage in bones where blood vessels, nerves, or both enter and leave
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fossa
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shallow cavity in a bone
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haversian canals
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minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone
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malleolus
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round process on both sides of the ankle joint
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mastoid process
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round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear
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medullary cavity
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central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone
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metaphysis
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the flared portion of a long bone, lying between the diaphysis and the epiphyseal plate
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olecranon
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large process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of the flexed elbow
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osseous tissue
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bone tissue
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ossification
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process of bone formation
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osteoblast
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bone cell that helps form bone tissue
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osteoclast
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bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bone tissue
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periosteum
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membrane that surrounds bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue
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phosphorus
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mineral substance found in bones in combo with calcium
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pubic symphysis
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area of confluence of the two pubic bones; joined by fibrocartilaginous disk
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red bone marrow
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found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis
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ribs
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24 elongated curved bones; true ribs - first 7 prs, floating ribs - prs 8-10, false ribs - prs 11-12
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sinus
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cavity within a bone
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styloid process
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pole-like process on the temporal bone
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trabeculae
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supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous bone
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trochanter
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large process below the neck of the femur; attachment sites for muscles and tendons
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tubercle
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small, rounded process on a bone; attachment site for muscles and tendons
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tuberosity
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large, rounded process on a bonel attachment site for muscles and tendons
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vertebra
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an individual back bone
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xiphoid process
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lower, narrow portion of the sternum
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yellow bone marrow
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fatty tissue found in the diaphysis of long bones
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calc/o
calci/o |
calcium
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kyph/o
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humpback (posterior curvature in the thoracic region)
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lamin/o
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lamina (part of the vertebral arch)
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lord/o
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curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)
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lumb/o
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loins, lower back
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myel/o
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bone marrow
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orth/o
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straight
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oste/o
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bone
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scoli/o
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crokked, bent (lateral curvature)
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spondyl/o
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vertebra (used to make words about conditions of the structure)
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vertebr/o
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vertebra (used to describe the structure)
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-blast
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embryonic or immature cell
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-clast
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to break
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-listhesis
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slipping
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-malacia
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softening
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-physis
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to grow
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-porosis
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pore, passage
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-tome
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instrument to cut
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acetabul/o
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acetabulum
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calcane/o
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calcaneus
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carp/o
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carpals
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clavicul/o
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clavicle
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cost/o
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ribs
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crani/o
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cranium
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femor/o
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femur
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fibul/o
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fibula
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humer/o
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humerus
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ili/o
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iliac
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isch/o
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ischium
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malleol/o
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malleolus
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mandibul/o
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mandible
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maxill/o
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maxilla
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metacarp/o
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metacarpal bone
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metatars/o
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metatarsals
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olecran/o
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olecranon
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patell/o
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patella
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pelv/i
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pelvis
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perone/o
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fibula
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phalang/o
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phalanges
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pub/o
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pubis
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radi/o
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radius
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scapul/o
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scapula
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stern/o
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sternum
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tars/o
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tarsals
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tibi/o
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tibia
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uln/o
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ulna
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Ewing sarcoma
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malignant bone tumor
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exostosis
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bony growth arising from the surface of bine
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fracture
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sudden breaking of a bone
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osteogenic sarcoma
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malignant tumor arising from bone
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ostemalacia
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softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral in the bonw
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osteomyelitis
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inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection
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osteoperosis
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decrease in bone density; thinning and weakening of bone
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talipes
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congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus)
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articulation
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joint
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bursa
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sac of fluid near a joint
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ligament
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connective tissue binding bones to other bones; supports, strengthens and stabilizes the joint
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suture joint
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type of joint in which apposed surfaces are closely united
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synovial cavity
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space between bones at a synovial joint; contains synovial fluisd
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synovial fluid
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viscous fluid within the synovial cavity
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synovial joint
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a freely movable joint
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synovial membrane
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membrane lining the synovial cavity; produces synovial fluid
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tendon
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connective tissue that binds muscle to bone
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ankyl/o
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crooked, bent, stiff
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arthr/o
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joint
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articul/o
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joint
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burs/o
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bursa
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chondr/o
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cartilage
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ligament/o
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ligament
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rheumat/o
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watery flow
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synov/o
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synovial membrane
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ten/o
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tendon
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tendin/o
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tendon
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-desis
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to bind, tie together
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-stenosis
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narrowing
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arthritis
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inflammation of joints
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ankylosing spondylitis
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chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine
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gouty arthritis
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inflammation of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body
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osteoarthritis
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progressive, degenerative joint disease characterized by loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone at articular surfaces
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rheumatoid arthritis
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a chronic disease in which joints become inflamed and painful; believed to be caused by autoimmune reaction to joint tissue
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bunion
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abnormal swelling of the medial aspect of the joint between the big toe and the first metatarsal bone
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carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
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compression (by a wrist ligament) of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist
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dislocation
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displacement of a bone from its joint
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ganglion
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a fluid-filled cyst arising from the joint capsule or a tendon in the wrist
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herniation of an intervetebral disc "slipped disc"
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abnormal protrusion of a fibrocartilaginous intervertebral disc into the neural canal or spinal nerves
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Lyme disease
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a recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia, malaise, and neurological and cardiac symptoms
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sprain
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trauma to a joint with pain, swelling, and injury to ligaments
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systemic lupus erythematosus
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chronic, inflammatory disease involveing joints, skin, kidneys, nervous system, heart, and lungs
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abduction
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movement away from the midline of the body
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adduction
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movement toward the midline of the body
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dorsiflexion
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backward (upward) bending of the foot
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extension
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straightening of a flexed limb
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fascia
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fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles
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flexion
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bending
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insertion of a muscle
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connection of the muscle to a bone that moves
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origin of a muscle
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connection of the muscle to a stationary bone
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plantar flexion
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bending the sole of the foot downward toward the ground
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pronation
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turning the palm backward
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rotation
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circular movement around a central point
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skeletal muscle
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muscle connected to bones; voluntary or striated muscle
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smooth muscle
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muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or visceral muscle
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striated muscle
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skeletal muscle
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supination
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turning the palm forward
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visceral muscle
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smooth muscle
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fasci/o
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fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles)
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fibr/o
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fibrous connective tissue
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leiomy/o
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smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs
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my/o
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muscle
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myocardi/o
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heart muscle
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myos/o
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muscle
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plant/o
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sole of the foot
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rhabdomy/o
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skeletal (striated) muscle connected to the bones
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-asthenia
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lack of strength
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-trophy
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development, nourishment
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ab-
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away from
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ad-
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toward
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dorsi-
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back
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poly-
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many, much
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muscular dystrophy
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a group of inherited diseases charcterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers withouth involvement of the nervous system
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polymyositis
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chronic inflammatory myopathy
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antinuclear antibody test (ANA)
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a sample of plasma is tested for presence of antibodies found in patients with lupus
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erythrocyte sedementation rate (ESR)
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measures the rate at which erythrocytes fall to the bottom of a test tube, associated with rheumatoid arthritis
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rheumatoid factor test
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sample of blood tested for presence of rheumatoid factor
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serum Calcium
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measurement of amount of calcium in blood
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serum creatine phosphokinase
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creatine phosphokinase normally present in skeletal and cardia muscle; elevated serum levels found in muscular dystrophy, myocardial infarction, and skeletal muscle disorders
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serum phosphorous
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measure of amount of phosphorous in a sample of serum
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uric acid test
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measures the amount of uric acid ina sample of blood; high values associated with gouty arthritis
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arthrocentesis
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surgical puncture of joint space to remove synovial fluid for analysis
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arthrography
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process of taking x-ray pictures of a joint after injection of opaque contrast material
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arthroplasty
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surgical repair of a joint
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arthroscopy
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visual exam of the inside of a joint with an endoscope small removal and repair of damaged tissue
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bone scan
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radioactive phosphate substance injected by IV; uptake measured by scanning device
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dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
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x-rays taken in spinal column, pelvis, and wrist; measures how well rays penetrate as a measure of bone density for osteperosis
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electromyography (EMG)
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recording strength of muscle contraction as a result of e-stim
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muscle biopsy
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removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination
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ACL
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anterior cruciate ligament
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ANA
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antinuclear antibody
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C1-C7
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cervical vertebrae
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Ca
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calcium
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CPK
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creatine phosphokinase
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CTS
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carpal tunnel syndrome
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DEXA
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dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; test of bone density
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DTR
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deep tendon reflexes
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EMG
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electromyography
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ESR
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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IM
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intramuscular
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L1-L5
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lumbar vertebrae
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LE cell
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lupus erythematosus cell
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Ortho.
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orthopedics
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P
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phosphorus
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RA
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rheumatoid arthritis
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RF
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rheumatoid factor
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ROM
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range of motion
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sed rate
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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SLE
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systemic lupus eruthematosus
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T1-T12
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thoracic vertebrae
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TMJ
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temperomandibular joint
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