The Language Of Medicine 10Th Edition Chapter 2

Front 1

anabolism

Back 1

process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids

Front 2

catabolism

Back 2

process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released

Front 3

cell membrane

Back 3

surrounds and protects the cell; determines what leaves and enters the cell

Front 4

chromosomes

Back 4

rod shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes

Front 5

cytoplasm

Back 5

all the material that is outside the nucleus but inside the cell membrane

Front 6

DNA

Back 6

chemical found within each chromosome; directs the activities of the cell

Front 7

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 7

network of canals within the cytoplasm, here large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces

Front 8

genes

Back 8

regions of DNA within each chromosome

Front 9

karyotype

Back 9

picutre of chromosomes in the nucleus

Front 10

metabolism

Back 10

catabolism and anabolism

Front 11

mitochondria

Back 11

provide principal source of energy, catabolism occurs here

Front 12

nucleus

Back 12

control center of the cell; contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell

Front 13

ribosomes

Back 13

attached to the endoplasmic reticulum; aid in anabolism

Front 14

cell

Back 14

the smallest living unit

Front 15

tissue

Back 15

group of similar cells working together to do a specific job

Front 16

histologist

Back 16

specialist in the study of tissues

Front 17

epithelial tissue

Back 17

lines internal organs and the outside of the body

Front 18

muscle tissue

Back 18

voluntary and involuntary varieties; specialized cardiac variety

Front 19

connective tissue

Back 19

adipose, cartilage, bone, blood

Front 20

nerve tissue

Back 20

conducts impulses all over the body

Front 21

organs

Back 21

tissues combine to form them

Front 22

viscera, viscus

Back 22

internal organs

Front 23

digestive system

Back 23

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Front 24

pharynx

Back 24

throat

Front 25

urinary or excretory system

Back 25

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Front 26

ureters

Back 26

tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Front 27

urethra

Back 27

tube from the bladder to the outside of the body

Front 28

respiratory system

Back 28

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

Front 29

larynx

Back 29

voice box

Front 30

trachea

Back 30

windpipe

Front 31

reproductive system

Back 31

female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands

male: testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland

Front 32

uterus

Back 32

womb

Front 33

endocrine system

Back 33

thyroid gland (neck), pituitary gland (base of the brain), sex glands (ovaries and testes), adrenal glands, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), parathyroid glands

Front 34

nervous system

Back 34

brain, spinal cord, nerves, collections of nerves

Front 35

circulatory

Back 35

heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland

Front 36

musculoskeletal

Back 36

muscles, bones, and joints

Front 37

skin and sense organs

Back 37

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands; eye, ear, nose, and tongue

Front 38

adipose tissue

Back 38

collection of fat cells

Front 39

cartilage

Back 39

flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints

Front 40

cranial cavity

Back 40

brain, pituitary gland

Front 41

thoracic cavity

Back 41

lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta

made up of the pleural cavity and the mediastinum cavity

Front 42

pleural cavity

Back 42

space between the pleura surrounding each lung

Front 43

pleura

Back 43

double folded membrane that surrounds and protects the lungs

Front 44

mediastinum

Back 44

space outside of and between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, broncial tubes and lymph nodes

Front 45

abdominal cavity

Back 45

surrounded by the peritoneum and separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm, contains the kidneys,stomach, intestines, splean, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

Front 46

pelvic cavity

Back 46

portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters; uterus and vagina in the female

Front 47

spinal

Back 47

nerves of the spinal cord

Front 48

dorsal

Back 48

back (posterior)

Front 49

ventral

Back 49

front (anterior)

Front 50

abdominopelvic cavity

Back 50

referencing both the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity as they have no specific separation

Front 51

diaphragm

Back 51

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; moves up and down and aids in breathing

Front 52

hypochondriac region

Back 52

right and left upper regions beneath the ribs

Front 53

epigastric region

Back 53

middle upper region above the stomach

Front 54

lumbar region

Back 54

right and left middle regions near the waist

Front 55

umbilical region

Back 55

central region near the navel

Front 56

inguinal region

Back 56

right and left lower regions near the groin; also called the iliac regions

Front 57

hypogastric region

Back 57

middle lower region below the umbilical region

Front 58

RUQ

Back 58

right upper quadrant

Front 59

LUQ

Back 59

left upper quadrant

Front 60

RLQ

Back 60

right lower quadrant

Front 61

LLQ

Back 61

left lower quadrant

Front 62

cervical division

Back 62

neck region (C1 to C7)

Front 63

thoracic division

Back 63

chest region (T1 to T12)

Front 64

lumbar division

Back 64

loin (waist) region (L1 to L5)

Front 65

sacral division

Back 65

region of the sacrum (S1 to S5)

Front 66

coccygeal division

Back 66

region of the coccyx (tailbone)

Front 67

vertebra

Back 67

single backbone

Front 68

vertebrae

Back 68

backbones

Front 69

spinal column

Back 69

bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

Front 70

spinal cord

Back 70

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

Front 71

disk (disc)

Back 71

pad of cartilage between vertebrae

Front 72

anterior (ventral)

Back 72

front surface of the body

Front 73

deep

Back 73

away from the surface

Front 74

distal

Back 74

far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure

Front 75

frontal (coronal) plane

Back 75

vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

Front 76

inferior (caudal)

Back 76

below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body

Front 77

lateral

Back 77

pertaining to the side

Front 78

medial

Back 78

pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body

Front 79

posterior (dorsal)

Back 79

back surface of the body

Front 80

prone

Back 80

lying on the belly

Front 81

proximal

Back 81

near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

Front 82

sagittal (lateral) plane

Back 82

lendthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structures into right and left sides

Front 83

superficial

Back 83

on the surface

Front 84

superior (cephalic)

Back 84

above another structure; pertaining to the head

Front 85

supine

Back 85

lying on the back

Front 86

transverse (axial) plane

Back 86

horizontal (cross-sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

Front 87

abdomin/o

Back 87

abdomen

Front 88

adip/o

Back 88

fat

Front 89

anter/o

Back 89

front

Front 90

bol/o

Back 90

to cast (throw)

Front 91

cervic/o

Back 91

neck (of the body or uterus)

Front 92

chondr/o

Back 92

cartilage

Front 93

chom/o

Back 93

color

Front 94

coccyg/o

Back 94

coccyx

Front 95

crani/o

Back 95

skull

Front 96

cyt/o

Back 96

cell

Front 97

dist/o

Back 97

far

Front 98

dors/o

Back 98

back portion of the body

Front 99

hist/o

Back 99

tissue

Front 100

ili/o

Back 100

ilium (part of the pelvic bone)

Front 101

inguin/o

Back 101

groin

Front 102

kary/o

Back 102

nucleus

Front 103

later/o

Back 103

side

Front 104

lumb/o

Back 104

lower back (side and back between the ribs and the pelvis)

Front 105

medi/o

Back 105

middle

Front 106

nucle/o

Back 106

nucleus

Front 107

pelvi/i

Back 107

pelvis, hip region

Front 108

poster/o

Back 108

back, behind

Front 109

proxim/o

Back 109

nearest

Front 110

sacr/o

Back 110

sacrum

Front 111

sarc/o

Back 111

flesh

Front 112

spin/o

Back 112

spine, backbone

Front 113

thel/o, theli/o

Back 113

nipple

Front 114

thorac/o

Back 114

chest

Front 115

trache/o

Back 115

trachea, windpipe

Front 116

umbilic/o

Back 116

navel, umbilicus

Front 117

ventr/o

Back 117

belly side of the body

Front 118

vertebr/o

Back 118

vertebra(e), backbones

Front 119

viscer/o

Back 119

internal organs

Front 120

ana-

Back 120

up

Front 121

cata-

Back 121

down

Front 122

epi-

Back 122

above

Front 123

hypo-

Back 123

below

Front 124

inter-

Back 124

between

Front 125

meta-

Back 125

change

Front 126

-eal

Back 126

pertaining to

Front 127

-iac

Back 127

pertaining to

Front 128

-ior

Back 128

pertaining to

Front 129

-ism

Back 129

process, condition

Front 130

-ose

Back 130

pertaining to, full of

Front 131

-plasm

Back 131

formation

Front 132

-somes

Back 132

bodies

Front 133

-type

Back 133

picture, classification