The Language Of Medicine 10Th Edition Chapter 2

Front 1

cells

Back 1

foundation for all living things

Front 2

cell membrane

Back 2

protects the cell , they are semi permiable

Front 3

nucleus

Back 3

brain of the cell or control center

Front 4

chromosomes

Back 4

rod like structures that hold the dna

Front 5

genes

Back 5

genetic make up of the cell

Front 6

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Back 6

regulates the activities of the cell according to its sequence

Front 7

karyotype

Back 7

picture of the dna

Front 8

cytoplasm

Back 8

keeps everything in place, makes the shape

Front 9

mitochondria

Back 9

small sausage shaped bodies that provide the principal source of energy for the cell (breakdown of energy( performs catabolism)

Front 10

ribisomes

Back 10

transport proteins

Front 11

anabolism, endoplasmic reticulum

Back 11

the chemical process of building up energy from small proteins to large proteins.

Front 12

catabolism

Back 12

the chemical process of breaking down energy

Front 13

metabolism

Back 13

the combination of catabolism and anabolism

Front 14

fat cell

Back 14

protects the body

Front 15

tissues

Back 15

group of cells working together to do a specific job

Front 16

epithelial tissues

Back 16

skin (used for dna testing)

Front 17

muscle tissues

Back 17

3 types skeletal, cardia, and visceral (organs)

Front 18

connective tissues

Back 18

bones and fat cells

Front 19

nerve tissues

Back 19

nerves

Front 20

organs

Back 20

different types of tissues combine to form a organ

Front 21

systems

Back 21

groups of organs working together to perform complex jobs.

Front 22

digestive system

Back 22

made up of the following organs: mouth, pharynx(throat), esophagus, stomach, intestines(small and large), liver, gall bladder, and pancrease

Front 23

urinary or excretory

Back 23

made up of the following organs: kidneys, ureters (tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder), urinary bladder, urethra (tube from the bladder to the outside of the body)

Front 24

respiratory system

Back 24

made up of the following organs: nose, pharynx, larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes, lungs

Front 25

female reproductive system

Back 25

ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus (womb), vagina, mammary glands

Front 26

male reproductive system

Back 26

testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland

Front 27

endocrine system

Back 27

thyroid gland in the neck, pituitary gland at the base of the brain, sex gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, and parathyroid glands

Front 28

nervous system

Back 28

brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collection of nerves

Front 29

circulatory system

Back 29

heart, blood vessels( arteries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, and thymus gland

Front 30

musculoskeletal system

Back 30

muscles, bones, and joints

Front 31

skin and sense system

Back 31

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands, eyes, ears, nose and tongue

Front 32

adipose tissues

Back 32

collection of fat cells

Front 33

cartilage

Back 33

flexible tissues that connect bones and joints

Front 34

histologist

Back 34

specialist in the study of tissues

Front 35

larynx

Back 35

voice box

Front 36

pharynx

Back 36

throat

Front 37

ureter

Back 37

tube from the kidney to the urinary bladder

Front 38

urethra

Back 38

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Front 39

body cavity

Back 39

space within the body that contains internal organs

Front 40

cranial cavity

Back 40

brain, pituitary gland

Front 41

thoracic cavity

Back 41

lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta( large artery)

Front 42

abdominal cavity

Back 42

stomach, part of the small and large intestines, gall bladder pancreas, , spleen, diaphram, liver

Front 43

pelvic cavity

Back 43

portions of the small and large intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra and ureters, uterus and vagina in the female appendix

Front 44

spinal cavity

Back 44

nerves of the spinal cord

Front 45

dorsal cavities

Back 45

cranial and spinal cavities

Front 46

ventral cavities

Back 46

thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities

Front 47

diaphram

Back 47

muscle that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities

Front 48

mediastinum

Back 48

centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

Front 49

peritoneum

Back 49

double folded membrane surrounding the absominal cavity

Front 50

pleura

Back 50

double folded membrane surrounding each lung

Front 51

pleural caivty

Back 51

space between the pleural layers

Front 52

posterior / dorsal

Back 52

pertaining to the back of the body

Front 53

ventral / anterior

Back 53

pertaining to the front of the body

Front 54

right hypochondriac region

Back 54

right upper region below the ribs

Front 55

left hypochondriac region

Back 55

left upper region below the ribs

Front 56

epigastric region

Back 56

region above the stomach

Front 57

right lumbar region

Back 57

right middle region near the waist

Front 58

left lumbar region

Back 58

left middle region near the waist

Front 59

umbilical region

Back 59

region of the navel or umbilicus

Front 60

right inguinal region

Back 60

right lower region near the groin

Front 61

right iliac region

Back 61

the upper portion of the hip

Front 62

left inguinal region

Back 62

left lower region near the groin

Front 63

hypogastric region

Back 63

middle lower region near the groin

Front 64

regions

Back 64

nine sections that the abdominopelvic area have been divided into by doctors

Front 65

quadrantd

Back 65

the abdominopelvic area divided into four sections by a horizontal and a vertical imaginary line

Front 66

right upper quadrant (ruq)

Back 66

contains the right lobe of the liver, gall bladder, part of the pancreas, parts of the large ans small intestines

Front 67

left upper quadrant (luq)

Back 67

contains the left lobe of the liver, stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, parts of the large and small intestines

Front 68

left lower quadrant (llq)

Back 68

contains part of the large ans small intestines, left ovary, left fellopian tubes, left ureter

Front 69

right lower quadrant (rlq)

Back 69

contains part of the large ans small intestines, right ovary, right fellopian tubes, right ureter, appendix,

Front 70

cervical divsion of the back

Back 70

neck region goes from C1 to C7

Front 71

thoracic division of the back

Back 71

chest region goes from T1 to T12 (each bone joined to a rib

Front 72

lumbar division of the back

Back 72

loin to flank region goes from L1 TO L5

Front 73

sacral division of the back

Back 73

five bones fused together to make the sacrum. goes from S1 to S 5

Front 74

coccygeal division of the back

Back 74

the coccyx (tailbone) is a small bone composed of four fused pieces

Front 75

vertebra

Back 75

single backbone

Front 76

vertebrae

Back 76

backbones

Front 77

spinal column

Back 77

bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

Front 78

spinal cord

Back 78

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

Front 79

disk (disc)

Back 79

part of the cartilage between the vertebrae

Front 80

deep

Back 80

away from the surface

Front 81

superficial

Back 81

on the surface

Front 82

proximal

Back 82

near the point of attachment

Front 83

distal

Back 83

far from the point of attachment

Front 84

inferior

Back 84

below another structure

Front 85

superior

Back 85

above another structure

Front 86

medial

Back 86

pertaining to the middle of the body

Front 87

lateral

Back 87

pertaining to the side of the body

Front 88

supine

Back 88

lying on the back of the body

Front 89

prone

Back 89

lying on the front of the body

Front 90

frontal (coronal) plane

Back 90

vertical line down that seperates the front from the back

Front 91

sagittal (lateral) plane

Back 91

vertical line that separates the left side from the right side

Front 92

transverse ( axial ) plane

Back 92

horizontal line that separates the upper and lower portions of the body

Front 93

abdomin/o

Back 93

abdomen

Front 94

adip.o

Back 94

fat

Front 95

anter/o

Back 95

front

Front 96

bol/o

Back 96

to cast(throw)

Front 97

cervic/o

Back 97

neck (of the body or of the uterus

Front 98

chondr/o

Back 98

cartilage (type of connective tisse)

Front 99

chrom.o

Back 99

color

Front 100

coccyyg

Back 100

coccyx ( tailbone)

Front 101

crani/o

Back 101

skull

Front 102

dist/o

Back 102

far/distant

Front 103

dors/o

Back 103

back portion of the body

Front 104

hist/o

Back 104

tissue

Front 105

ili/o

Back 105

ilium (part of the pelvic bone)

Front 106

inguin/o

Back 106

groin

Front 107

kary/o

Back 107

nucleus

Front 108

later/o

Back 108

side

Front 109

lumb/o

Back 109

lower back (back and side between the ribs and the pelvis)

Front 110

medi/o

Back 110

middle

Front 111

nucle/o

Back 111

nucleus

Front 112

pelv/i

Back 112

pelvis, hip region

Front 113

poster/o

Back 113

back, behind

Front 114

proxim/o

Back 114

nearest

Front 115

sacr/o

Back 115

sacrum

Front 116

sarc/o

Back 116

flesh

Front 117

spin/o

Back 117

spine, backbone

Front 118

the/o, theli/o

Back 118

nipple

Front 119

thorac/o

Back 119

chest

Front 120

trache/o

Back 120

trachea, windpipe

Front 121

umbilic/o

Back 121

navel, umbilicus

Front 122

ventr/o

Back 122

belly side of the body

Front 123

vertebr/o

Back 123

vertevra(e), backbone(s)

Front 124

viscer/o

Back 124

internal organs

Front 125

ana-

Back 125

up

Front 126

cata-

Back 126

down

Front 127

epi-

Back 127

above

Front 128

hypo

Back 128

below

Front 129

inter-

Back 129

between

Front 130

meta

Back 130

change

Front 131

ism

Back 131

process, condition

Front 132

-eal, -iac, -ior

Back 132

pertaining to

Front 133

-ose

Back 133

pertaining to, full of

Front 134

-plasm

Back 134

formation

Front 135

-somes

Back 135

bodies

Front 136

-type

Back 136

picture, classifation