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11 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Only organ is the skinI. Functions of system
) Protection: a) Physical - stratified squamous epithelium keeps pathogens out.

b) Chemical - melanin blocks uv rays.


c) cellular-white blood cells (macrophage) eat and destroy invading bacteria

2) Prevents water loss
tough scaly epidermis, oily secretions prevent water loss.
3) Thermoregulation:
a) sweat secretions allow evaporative cooling

b) altered blood flow allows changes in skin temperature

4) Sensation
all receptors in dermisa) Touch receptors - Meissner s corpuscles-touch

b) Pressure receptors - Pacinian corpuscles-pressure


c) Pain receptors - bare/naked/free dendrites-pain/damage

5) Vitamin D
(Calcitriol) productionVit D is important in promoting calcium absorption by intestine.
II. Structure:Composed of three LAYERS
Epidermis layer, Dermis layer, Hypodermis layer: the subcutaneous layer
Epidermis layer:
- The superficial layer - Made of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, avascular

1) Stratum Basale/Germinativum:the deepest layer is an active zone of cell division contains melanocytes that increase pigmentation (melanin) and therefore protection against UV radiation from sun


2) Stratum Corneum:the most superficial layer forming 75% of the epidermis.20 - 30 cell layers thick with all cells dead which is constantly shed, thereby removing attached pathogens.

Dermis layer:
- Made of dense irregular connective tissue.- Vascular.

- Contains leucocytes (white blood cells) that digest pathogens


- Contains glands, receptors, hair follicles, etc.

Hypodermis layer: the subcutaneous layer
- Mostly adipose tissue

- For energy storage and thermal insulation.


- Anchors the skin to the muscles.

A. Sweat/Sudoriferous Glands:
They cover the entire body except the nipples and external genitalia.Abundant on the palms, soles, and forehead.Produce sweat that reduces body temperature.Also acts as an antibiotic, killling bacteria.
Ceruminous: produce ear wax in the acoustic canal.catches debris entering ear.
Sebaceous Glands:Found everywhere except the palms and soles.Secrete sebum (oil) into hair follicles to reduce loss of water. Also acts as an antibiotic, killling bacteri