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79 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
According to U.N. reports how many ppl are malnourished worldwide

1 billion
11% of the total landmass can be used for what

Direct human consumption
89% of the total land mass cannot be used for what

Direct human consumption
What is feed conversion

The ability to take in food and turn it into a suable protein like milk or meat

How much energy consumed by ruminants is from waste products

75%

2kg of feed produce how much pork

1kg

10kg of feed produce how much beef

1kg

3kg of feed produce how much milk solids

1kg

Which country is the highest exporter of ag products

U.S.

What is NC biggest business

AG

What are the top three biggest commodities for NC


1)Broilers


2)Hogs


3) Tobacco


What are broilers

Meat Chix

What are layers

Egg chix

What are the importance of livestock


Food supply


By-Products


Recreation


What is the goal of production medicine

To produce the most product of the highest quality at the lowest cost
How much of income is loss due to disease and parasites

20%
What dairy products can we make from cows


Fluid milk


Butter


Yogurt


Cheese


Powdered milk

What dairy products are produced from goats


Milk


Cheese


Soaps


Lotion


How many gallons of milk do cows produce per year

2,000 gallons
Which udder produces more milk in cows

Rear (60%)
How many gallons of milk do goats produce a day

1-2 gallons

What does TMR mean

Total mixed ration

What are the advantages of using a free style barn


Animals are free to move


Cleaner environments


Less bedding expense


Ease of parlor use


Fewer space requirements


Fewer teat and udder injuries


In a dry lots or pasture cows are only brought in for

Milking

What type of parlors are there


Herringbone


Rotary


Side open


What is the milking procedure


Pre-wash teats


Pre-dip and allow to dry (sanitizer)


Strip teats to induce oxytocin production (milk letdown)


Apply teat cups


Machine milk


Post dip


Sanitize teat cups


What is a bulk tank

Stainless steel tank of milk storage

What products does grade b milk produce


Cheese


Butter


Powdered milk



What is the grade a milk process


Tri-process separator


Pasteurization


Homogenization


Fortification

How long is the milking cycle in cows

365-385 days

What is the milking cycle in cows


Rebred 50-60 days after parturition


Milked for 300-315 days


Dry off for 45-50 days


What does freshening mean and who does it apply to

Coming into milk; dairy cows only

What is phase I of the milking process


Production increases rapidly


Feed intake increases-high protein low fiber


Weight loss


first 10-12 weeks of lactation



What is phase II of the milking process


Weeks 12-24 of lactation


Peak production


Feed intake matches production


Gains weight


What is phase III of the milking process

Weeks 24 to drying off


Longest phase


Production decreases




What is phase IV of the milking process


Dry period


NO MILKING


Which milking phase has the highest energy need

Phase I
In which milking phase does metabolic disease occur

Phase 1
In which milking phase does utterer and mammary infections are common

Phase I
What is the flow of beef cattle


Seed stock producers


Cow-calf producers


Feedlot


Slaughterhouse

What is creep feeding

High energy concentrate feed given to calves
What is immediate finishing

Calves immediately transitioned to a high concentrate diet with small amounts of roughage

What is deferred finishing

Lighter weight calves are purchased in the fall or fed roughage through the winter

What is the point of finishing

The final step to the calves up to weight before being sent to the slaughter house
Who inspects the quality of beef
USDA
What is the yield grade

5(most fat)-1

Where are most beef feedlots found


Texas


Kansas


Nebraska


Oklahoma


What are the phases of the swine industry


Farrowing


Growing/nursery


Finishing




What is farrowing in swine

Giving birth

When are swine weaned

3-8 weeks (10-25lbs)
How long do swine remain in the nursery

8-10 weeks (40-60lbs)
What is the market weight of swine after finishing

220-260lbs
How long does farrowing to finishing process take

9-10months

What does ADG sand for

average daily gain

What is the disadvantage of having a farrow to finish facility

Hard to control disease out break
99% of all swine are housed in

Confinement

What are the gases produced in swine housing


Ammonia


Hydrogen sulfide


Carbon monoxide


Methane


Dust

What is vertical integration

One company produces the animals and packing plant
What are fall lambs

Born before December 25 and marketed early spring to June
What are Early spring Lambs

Born January to February and marketed before the end of June
What are late spring lambs

Born March to May

What is accelerated lambing

3 lamb crops in 2 years

Lambs are what kind of breeders

Short day breeders

What are the steps in the slaughtering process

Stunning


Hoisting


Sticking


Scalding


Dehairing


Dressing


Cooling


Grading


Aging

What are kosher animals

No stunning

What is sticking

Jugular veins and carotid arteries severed
What is scalding

Boiling of the carcass

What is dressing


Skinning


Evisceration


Halving


What is evisceration

Removal of the organs

What is cooling


Pasteurization at 180F


Then cooled to 34F over 24 h

Where does mohair come from

Angora goats

Who produces fleece

Llamas and alpacas

What does llamas and alpaca fleece lack

Lanolin

What is the fiber process


Washing


Squeezing and dried


Blended


Carding


Roving


Spinning


Quality control test


Dying (can be done at any stage )

What is carding


Combing out the knots




What is roving

Combing it into long strips
What does crutching mean

Shearing around the udder, belly, and tail before lambing

What does tagging mean

Shearing around the tail and sheath before mating

What does facing mean

Shearing wool above and below eyes