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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vaccinations prevent disease |
•Active and passive immunization
•Artificial versus natural
•Killed versus live
•toxoid |
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Birth to 6 years vaccinations |
•Hepatitis A & B •Rotavirus •Dtap •H.influenzae b (Hib) •Inactivated poliovirus •Pneumococcal •Influenza •MMR •varicella |
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Age 7 through 18 years vaccinations |
•Tdap
•Human papilloma
•Meningococcal
•Influenza (yearly) |
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Adults and older adult vaccinations |
•Influenza (yearly) •Tetanus and diphtheria: every 10 years •Pneumococcal •Hepatitis A & B •Human papilloma: young females •MMR •Varicella •Herpes zoster (shingles) |
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Drug Therapy for Cancer |
•Antimetabolites •Alkylating agents •Platinum compounds •Antitumor antibiotics •Antimiotics •Topoisomerase inhibitors •Hormonal agents •Biologic response modifiers •Targeted antineoplastic drugs |
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Antimetabolites |
•Folic acid analog •Pyrimidine analog •Purine analog |
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Folic acid analog |
•Treats: acute lymphocytic leukemia in children, lymphomas, choriocarcinoma, inoperable sarcomas of the head, neck, and pelvis & rheumatoid arthritis + psoriasis (both are autoimmune diseases) •Examples: -Methotrexate -Pemetrexed •Block folic acid synthesis, which disrupts DNA synthesis in the S phase of the cell cycle (this kills the tumor cell) •Side effects: -Bone marrow suppression (check CBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit weekly; check for fever or infection during treatment; monitor for bleeding, bruising and petechiae) -Liver damage (monitor for liver function test ALT & AST) -Oral and G.I ulcerations (monitor for G.I bleeding like black, tarry stools or blood in vomitus) -Pulmonary fibrosis (report difficulty breathing or shortness of breath) •Report fever, sore throat, easy bruising, unusual fatigue •Provide frequent oral care •Avoid alcohol consumption and report yellowing of the skin and eyes immediately •Women should be on contraception during chemotherapy and 6 months after chemotherapy (pregnancy category D) •Do NOT give to pregnant women (methotrexate is category X and pemetrexed is category D) •Do NOT give to patients with hepatitis or liver insufficiency •Do NOT give to patients with renal insufficiency |
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Pyrimidine analog |
•Treats: Acute myelocytic and acute lymphocytic leukemias, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, meningitis caused by leukemia and maintains remission in the cancers mentioned previously
•Examples:
-Cytarabine
-Fluorouracil
-Floxuridine
-Gemcitabine
•Incorporates itself into the DNA of the cells (healthy and cancer cells) and suppresses both RNA & DNA synthesis (this kills cells)
•Side effects
-G.I effects (take antiemetic, eat small frequent meals, notify provider if vomiting and nausea is prolonged)
-Bone marrow suppression (monitor CBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit before each treatment and weekly)
-Intrathecal form or spinal tap causes vomiting, headache and fever
•Pre-medicate patient with antiemetics before administration of this drug
•Monitor patient’s weight and I & O
•Do NOT give to patients who are pregnant
•Do NOT give to patients with a history of myelo-suppression (caused by chemotherapy)
•Do NOT give to patients with meningeal infection (intrathecal form) |
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Purine analog |
•Treat: acute lymphocytic and acute myelogenous in both adults & children and may cause temporary remission in chronic granulocytic leukemia •Examples: -Mercaptopurine -Thioguanine -Fludarabine -Cladrinine •Block purine creation during the S phase of the cell cycle and DNA cannot be formed due to the inability of the cell to synthesis necessary nucleic acids •Side effects: -G.I symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, intestinal ulceration; administer antiemetic as needed & monitor patients weight and I & O) -Bone marrow suppression ☆ -Liver toxicity (usually mild; monitor liver function tests: bilirubin, AST & ALT; observe for jaundice) ☆ •Do NOT give to patients who are pregnant •Do NOT give to patients with presence of infections |
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Alkylating agents |
•Nitrogen mustards •Nitrosoureas |
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Nitrogen mustards |
•Treats: broad spectrum chemotherapy agent (can be combined or used alone); leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, solid tumors (adenocarcinoma) of head, ovary, breast and lung cancer
•Examples:
-Cyclophosphamide
-Mechlorethamine
-Chlorambucil
-Ifosfamide
•Form an abnormal cross linked bond with the DNA bases, this defective bond damaged cells and kills cells and nitrogen mustards are non-specific cycle phase agents
•Side effects:
-Hair loss (alopecia)
-Severe G.I effects (nausea and vomiting)
-Bone marrow suppression (low WBC or leukopenia is the most common; monitor for wound drainage, infection, fever and protect patient from infections-REVERSE isolation)
-Kidney toxicity (prevent hemorrhagic cystitis; use this med to prevent this: mesna (Mesnex)
-Electrolytes imbalance (HYPERkalemia & HYPOnatremia; monitor EKG and I & O, dehydration)
•Give P.O med on empty stomach for best absorption unless there is severe G.I effects
•Do NOT give to patients who are pregnant & lactating
•Do NOT give to patients with live virus vaccinations
•Do NOT give to patients with fluid volume deficit
•Do NOT give to patients with severe infections (such as chicken pox or herpes zoster) |
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Nitrosoureas |
•Treat: primary and metastatic brain tumor, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, hepatoma, G.I adenocarcinoma
•Examples:
-Carmustine
-Lomustine
•Form an abnormal cross linked bond with the DNA bases, this defective bond damaged cells and kills cells and nitrosoureas are non-specific cycle phase agent
•Side effects:
-Severe G.I effects (nausea & vomiting)
-Bone marrow suppression ☆
-Decreased lung function, which leads to pulmonary fibrosis
-Vesicant
•Use a central line when giving chemo therapy
•For extravasation of carmustine, infuse sodium bicarbonate and normal saline into an I.V line with infiltration & apply cold compress to acute area
•Carmustine I.V dose is calculated per body mass and infused every 6 weeks and expect dosage decrease if bone marrow suppression occurs
•Do NOT give to patients who are pregnant
•Do NOT give to patients with a history of impaired lung function
•Do NOT give to patients with a recent herpes, chicken pox infection or recent exposure
•Do NOT give to patients with severe bone marrow suppression or pre existing infection |
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Platinum compounds |
•Platinum compounds (ONLY type) |
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Platinum Compounds |
•Treat: use in combination with other chemotherapy agents to treat metastatic testicular or ovarian cancer & use off label to treat head and neck cancers, or carcinoma of the bladder or uterine lining
•Examples:
-Cisplatin
-Carboplatin
-Oxaliplatin
•Kills cells by forming cross links between the double DNA strands and cell cycle non-specific
•Side effects:
-G.I distress (nausea, vomiting and occurs about 1 hr after infusion of cisplatin begins)
-Bone marrow suppression (monitor for infection or fever)
-Kidney toxicity (monitor BUN & creatinine; report flank pain, decreased urination, weight gain, itching skin, nausea or vomiting, loss of appetite, dry mucous membranes (nephrotoxicity)
-Ototoxicity (hearing loss)
-Paresthesia of extremities (monitor for peripheral neuropathy; numbness, tingling, decreased sensation hands or feet)
-Anaphylactic reaction soon after I.V infusion begins from allergy to platinum (monitor for signs for allergy or anaphylaxis; administer epinephrine to counteract anaphylaxis)
•Expect a decrease in dosage for signs of kidney or ear toxicity
•Do not use any equipment that contains aluminum when administering platinum compounds
•Make sure to wear gloves while preparing the solution; flush skin with water if solution touches skin
•Do NOT give to patients with these conditions:
-Pregnant
-Allergic to platinum-containing substances
-Severely impaired kidney function
-Hearing impairment
-Severe bone marrow suppression
-History of gout or renal stones
-Patients taking loop diuretics
-Raynaurd's syndrome |
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Anti-tumor antibiotics |
•Anthracyclines •Non-anthracyclines |
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Anthracyclines |
•Regular I.V treats: acute leukemia, lymphoma, Wilm’s tumor, neuroblastoma (children), sarcomas of bone and soft tissue, thyroid cancer, transitional cell bladder cancer, breast and ovarian cancers
•Liposome injectable form treats: kaposi’s sarcoma, ovarian cancer, breast cancer and multiple myeloma refractory to other treatments, radiation therapy, surgery or other treatments for cancer
•Examples:
-Doxorubicin
-daunorubicin
-Epirubicin
-Mitoxantrone
•Most are cell cycle phase non-specific; works by two mechanisms (intercalation with DNA & PREVENTION of enzyme repair of DNA)
•Side effects
-Severe bone marrow suppression (monitor + report INFECTIONS and FEVER; leukopenia with Nadir 10 to 14 days following dose and thrombocytopenia & anemia)
-Alopecia
-Red urine and tears (for 1 to 2 days after infusion; report rapid heart beat, palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain) ☆
-Cardiac toxicity (occurs immediately after doxorubicin dose) ☆
-Hepatic toxicity (liver function test AST & ALT; report persistent anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, itching skin, dark urine and jaundice) ☆
-Vesicant (local thrombophlebitis & extravasation and tissue damage)
•Wear gloves and take care when preparing solution; flush skin with water if solution touches skin
•Dose of doxorubicin is prescribed by body mass and type of cancer
•I.V therapy: take vesicant precautions
•MONITOR for thrombophlebitis or infiltration (redness, pallor, swelling, pain); If suspected STOP infusion
•STOP infusion immediately if infiltration occurs
•Slow I.V rate for red streak along vein or skin flushing ☆
•Do NOT give to patients with these conditions:
-Pregnant (pregnancy category D)
-Existing bone marrow suppression
-Cardiac disorders
-Obstructive jaundice
-Previous completion of treatment with doxorubicin or daunorubicin |
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Antimitotics |
•Vinca alkaloid •Taxanes |
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Vinka Alkaloid |
•Treat: acute leukemias, lymphomas, Wilm’s tumor and neuroblastoma (children), breast + lung and soft tissue sarcomas
•Examples:
-Vincristine
-Vinblastine
-Vinorelbine
•M phase SPECIFIC (phase where mitosis + cell division occurs) and KILLS cell by disrupting construction of the substances that move chromosomes during cell division
•Side effects:
-Peripheral neuropathy (check deep tendon reflex, monitor for decreased strength or movement of feet and hands, EXPECT a decrease in dose if peripheral neuropathy is suspected; INSTRUCT patient to REPORT parenthesias and decrease in sensation of hands+ feet)
-Tissue damage (if infiltration and extravasation occurs)
-Alopecia
-Severe constipation and upper colon impaction (possible intestinal ileus; seen mostly in children; MONITOR bowel sounds and give laxatives as needed, increase fluid + fiber)
•Antidote is: hyaluronidase ☆
•Do NOT give to patients with these conditions:
-Pregnant (pregnancy category D)
-Intestinal ileus
-Liver radiation
-Charcot marie tooth syndrome |
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Taxanes |
•Treat: ovarian, breast, kaposi sarcoma, non-small cell lung cancer
•Examples:
-Paclitaxel (Taxol)
-Docetaxel
•Cell cycle G2 & M specific: in late G2 phase, causes non functioning microtubules and in the M phase: STOPS cell division
•Side effects:
-Bradycardia (report chest pain and continuous heart monitoring/EKG will be done)
-Peripheral neuropathy (check deep tendon reflex especially the achilles reflex)
-Bone marrow suppression
-Allergic reaction to Taxol form of paclitaxel (causes anaphylaxis; treat with epinephrine)
•Pre-treatment of taxol with antihistamine, a corticosteroid, histamine 2 receptor blocker is REQUIRED
•Infuse taxol over 3 hours with in-line I.V filter
•Risk allergy with Taxol: immediately report swelling of the mouth, throat, neck, rash, itching, difficulty breathing to staff)
•Do NOT give to patients with these conditions:
-Pregnant
-Taxol: allergy
-Both taxanes; baseline neutrophil count less than 1,500 cells per mm3; for kaposi’s sarcoma, baseline neutrophil count less than 1,000 cells per mm3 |
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Topoisomerase inhibitors |
•Treat: metastatic ovarian cancer + small cell lung cancer
•Examples:
-Topotecan
-Irinotecan
•Cell cycle S-phase specific; binds to DNA along with the enzyme topoisomerase I (relaxes super coiled DNA + allows DNA to recoil normally and replicate) & topoisomerase inhibitors (allows the relaxation of tight DNA coils, prevents recoiling of DNA double strands and breaks the strands and kills cells)
•Side effects
-Moderately severe G.I symptoms (nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, abdominal pain)
-Bone marrow suppression (neutrophils after 12 days of Nadir infusion, thrombocytopenia after 15 days of Nadir infusion)
-Alopecia (about 50% of patients receiving topotecan)
•Do NOT allow topotecan to get on skin; rinse with copious amounts of water + soap if contamination
•Do NOT give to patients with these conditions
-Pregnant
-Severe bone marrow suppression (neutrophils less than 1,500 cells per mm3) or patients with CURRENT infection
-Severe thrombocytopenia |
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Drug Therapy for cancer: Hormonal Agent |
•Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists •Androgen receptor blockers •Estrogen receptor blockers •Aromatase inhibitors •Monoclonal antibody |
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Gonadotropin Releasing hormone Agonist |
•Treat: advanced prostate cancer + alternative treatment for orchiectomy
•Side effect
-Leuprolide
-Triptorelin
-Goserelin
•The gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulates the pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone (L.H) and then the luteinizing hormone stimulates the production of testosterone production by testes; administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone desensitizes the pituitary receptors, which leads to the STOP of testosterone production, which CAUSES the prostate gland to SHRINK, including both cancerous + normal cells
•I.M form of medication is usually given monthly or every 3 months
•The depo preparation is given every 4 months |
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Androgen Receptor blockers |
•Treat: prostate cancer in both early stages and after metastasis
•Examples:
-Flutamide
-Bicalutamide
-Nilutamide
•Blocks effects of the androgens produced by the adrenal gland and results in slower progression of prostate cancer with decreased pain (used in conjunction with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist)
•Side effects
-Liver toxicity (monitor liver function ALT + AST, bilirubin; anorexia, abdominal pain, jaundice, nausea and dark urine)
-Gynecomastia (growth of breast tissue)
-Hot flashes (in men; report)
-Decreased libido (report)
-Impotence (sexual disfunction;report)
•Do not give to patients with these conditions or specific gender:
-Allergy to drug
-Severe liver function
-Female |
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Estrogen Receptor Blockers |
•Treats: estrogen receptor (ER) positive metastatic breast cancer and prevents breast cancer in women who are in high risk
•Examples:
-Tamoxifen
-Toremifene
-Raloxifene
•Estrogen blockers prevent estrogen from being activated on breast cancer cells; drugs can be estrogen receptor selective like selective estrogen receptor modulator that improves bone density and also deactivates estrogen dependent breast cancer receptors
•Side effects
-G.I symptoms (nausea + vomiting)
-Hot flashes
-Retinopathy, cataract (decreased visual acuity; instruct patient to report blurred vision or decreased visual acuity)
-RISK for uterine cancer, ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA
INCREASED RISK for thrombophlebitis and thromboembolism (monitor the patient for leg pain, sudden chest pain, shortness of breath or signs of stroke)
•Do NOT give to patients with these conditions:
-Pregnancy and lactating
-Anticoagulant
-History of thrombocytopenia
-Pre-existing endometrial hyperplasia |
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Aromatase inhibitors |
•Treat: early or advanced estrogen receptor positive cancer in postmenopausal women ONLY
•Examples:
-Anastrozole
-Ietrozole
-Exemestane
•Aromatase blockers prevent estrogen receptor positive breast cancer from obtaining estrogen for growth but do not block estrogen from ovaries, so drug must be given to postmenopausal women ONLY
•Side effects
-Muscle pain + weakness (asthenia; take acetaminophen if approved by provider for pain)
-G.I symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, anorexia; give anti-emetics prescribed if nausea is persistent)
-Osteoporosis and increased risk for fractures
•Monitor bone density screening tests periodically (women in high risk for fractures may be prescribed bisphosphonate drugs, such as alendronate
•Give med on an empty stomach (1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal for best absorption)
•Patient should increase their calcium and vitamin D
•Do not smoke because smoking increases the risk for osteoporosis
•Do NOT give to patients with these conditions:
-Pregnant + lactating
-Patients who are premenopausal women + children
-Patients with postmenopausal therapy
-Severe liver disease |
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Monoclonal antibody |
•Treats: a specific type of metastatic breast cancer (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 or HER2; this accounts to 30% of breast cancer)
•Examples:
-Trastuzumab
-Lapatinib
•Side effects:
-Allergic reactions (usually with first dose or within 12 hours of first infusion; this leads to bronchospasm with wheezing, HYPOtension, shortness of breath, urticaria; give epinephrine)
-Infusion reaction (chills, fever, flu like symptoms; give epinephrine)
-Cardiac symptoms (heart failure, dysrhythmias)
-CNS symptoms (headache, insomnia, dizziness + paresthesia)
-G.I symptoms (nausea, vomiting and diarrhea)
•Do NOT give to patients with these conditions:
-Pregnant, lactating within 6 months of treatment
-Concurrent radiation or administration with anthracycline such as doxorubicin |
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Interferon |
•Treats: hairy leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia (interferon alfa-2a), malignant myeloma (interferon alfa-2b) and kaposi’s sarcoma, interferon alfa-2a treats chronic hepatitis C & interferon alfa-b treats both hepatitis B + hepatitis C
•Examples:
-Interferon alfa-2a
-Inferferon alfa-2b
•Interferons are proteins released naturally in the body when triggered by infections; interferon drugs are made from human leukocytes by recombinant DNA tech; interferons treat cancer by promoting prolonged resting of the cell during G0 phase
•Side effects:
-Flu like symptoms, fever, fatigue; give acetaminophen if prescribed for fever and muscle ache
-CNS symptoms
-Bone marrow suppression (monitor CBC before treatment begins + periodically; report to the provider easy bruising, bleeding, fatigue=anemia)
-G.I effects (abdominal pain, anorexia, weight loss, diarrhea; ensure patient is well hydrated for treatment with this drug)
•Interferon is usually order in MU (million units) and administered SC, IM, & I.V
•Do NOT give to patients with these conditions:
-Allergy to interferon alfa
-Inflammation of the colon or pancreas
-Suicidal ideation |
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Targeted Antineoplastic Drugs |
•Treat: initial treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and some metastatic G.I tumors
•Examples:
-imatinib
-dasatinib
-nilotinib
•INHIBITS the enzyme BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase (this enzyme stimulates the growth of CML cells) and suppresses reproduction of CML cells + does not harm normal cells; resistance may occur due to gene mutation
•Side effects
-Adverse effects during later phases of CML
-G.I symptoms (nausea, vomiting and diarrhea; monitor weight + hydration status + report persistent G.I effects)
-Muscleskeletal pain, muscle cramping
-Rash
-Bone marrow suppression (neutropenia + thrombocytopenia; monitor CBC)
-Fluid retention (may lead to pulmonary edema; monitor for sudden weight gain, peripheral edema, and crackles in lungs (rales)
•Give with at least 8 ounces of water + a meal
•Do NOT give to patients with these conditions:
-Pregnant and lactating
-Allergy to imatinib
-I.M injections and thrombocytopenia
-Children less than 3 years |
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Antiretroviral |
•Viral entry blockers •Enzyme inhibitors |
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Entry and Fusion inhibitors |
•Treat: advanced HIV disease or when there is RESISTANCE to other types drugs
•Examples:
-Enfuvirtide
•Early in replication cycle of HIV, fusion of the lipid membrane of the virus and CD4-T cell occurs, the entry/fusion inhibitors PREVENT fusion of the lipid membrane with CD4 T cell, viral entry and replication is prevented
•Side effects:
-Injection site skin reactions (avoid giving deep injections, rotate sites)
-Pneumonia: cough shortness of breath, fever (monitor temperature)
-Allergic reactions: chills and fever, rash, nausea, hypotension, elevated liver enzymes (monitor for hypersensitivity)
•S.C form (ONLY) inject in anterior thigh, upper arm or abdomen
•Do NOT give to patients with these conditions:
-Allergy to enfurvitide
-Patients INFECTED with both HIV + hepatitis B
-Severe liver disease
-Lactation |
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C.C.R.5 antagonist |
•Treat: ONLY patients with HIV-1 that binds with C.C.R.5 and is resistant to other HIV drugs
•Example:
-Maraviroc
•C.C.R.5 is a co-receptor that tightens the fusion between the lipid membrane of CD4-T cell with the HIV virus in certain strains of HIV; C.C.R.5 antagonist bind C.C.R.5 receptor and BLOCK this fusion; ONLY works with C.C.R.5-tropic HIV strains
•Side effects:
-CNS symptoms: dizziness, sleep disorders, paresthesia
-Musculoskeletal pain
-Cough + upper respiratory infection (report to provider)
-Liver damage: symptoms of allergic reaction such as rash are seen before liver damage (there is also elevated immunoglobulin E + eosinophil count; monitor for jaundice, abdominal pain, rash)
•Do NOT give to patients with these conditions:
-Patients who do not have C.C.R.5 tropic HIV 1
-Patients just beginning first time treatment for HIV
-Patients with current symptoms of hepatitis
-Patients allergic to maraviroc
-Patients younger than 16 years of age |
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Enzyme inhibitors |
•Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (N.R.T.I's)
•Non Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
•Integrase inhibitors
•Protease inhibitors |
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Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors |
•Treats: symptoms of HIV + prevents maternal HIV transmission to fetus
•Examples:
-Zidovudine
-Iamivudine
-Stavudine
•ZTP (active form of zidovudine) REPLACES reverse transcriptase in the HIV virus DNA strand and COMPETES with reverse transcriptase at receptor sites; this results in the PREVENTION of HIV viral DNA synthesis
•Side effects:
-Bone marrow suppression (severe anemia expected 2 to 4 weeks after starting treatment, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia) ☆
-G.I symptoms: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea
-CNS symptoms: headache, insomnia, dizziness
-Fever, muscle ache (myalgia) ☆
•HEMOGLOBIN less than 5 mg per dL or down 50% will require giving epotein alfa (increases RBC)
•NEUTROPHIL count below 750 cells per mL or down 25% will require giving filgrastim (increases WBC)
•When given to pregnant women START them 14 weeks gestation (give P.O 5 times a day) until delivery; during DELIVERY administer I.V infusion until neonate is DELIVERED and CORD is CLAMPED
•For NON PREGNANT patients give 2 to 3 times daily, preferably on an empty stomach
•Do NOT give to patients with these conditions
-Allergic to zidovudine
-Lactic acidosis |
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Non Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors |
•Treats: symptoms of HIV 1 infection
•Examples:
-Delavirdine
-Efavirenz
•Directly INCORPORATES ITSELF into the HIV DNA chain's reverse transcriptase; STOPS replication of HIV 1 virus by directly stopping growth of the DNA strand
•Side effects
-Rash (can become Steven Johnson syndrome or erythema multiforme/monitor and REPORT rash 1 to 3 weeks after starting therapy)!!!!
-G.I symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
-Elevated liver enzymes (monitor liver function test + report elevation to provider)
•Do not take meds with antacids (1 hour before or 2 hours after administration is ok)
•Do NOT give to patients with these conditions
-Allergy
-Lactating
-Drugs that interact with delavirdine |
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Integrase inhibitors |
•Treats: HIV 1 resistant to other HIV drugs
•Example:
-Raltegravir
•Integrase helps the newly made double stranded DNA of HIV to become integrated into human DNA; integrase inhibitors STOP HIV replication by preventing this integration
•Side effects
-G.I symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
-CNS symptoms: dizziness + headache
•Do NOT give to patients with these conditions:
-Patient who are just beginning HIV treatment for the first time
-Patients younger than 16 years of age
-May be contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic disorder |
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Protease inhibitor |
•Treat: HIV 1 & HIV 2 in combination with at least 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors to prevent resistance
•Examples:
-Ritonavir
-Saquinavir
•Protease inhibitors PREVENTS break up of large poly proteins during HIV protein synthesis (this creates immature HIV virus that are less lethal or disease producing)
•Side effects
-HYPERglycemia + diabetes (report excessive thirst, hunger, urination)
-Fat redistribution (thin extremities, face and buttocks, increased abdominal fat, gynecomastia, "buffalo hump"
INCREASED cholesterol + triglyceride levels which lead to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease
REDUCED bone density (OSTEOPOROSIS; Increase intake of calcium + vitamin D)
-Liver toxicity (check liver function tests; report abdominal abdominal pain, anorexia, jaundice)
-G.I symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, heartburn, abdominal pain
•Do NOT give to patients with these conditions:
-Resistance to any protease inhibitor
-Pancreatitis ☆
-Lactation |
