The Human Body In Health And Illness: Ch. 3

Front 1

This is the structural and functional unit of all living matter

Back 1

Cell

Front 2

The cell membrane is also called the ______ membrane

Back 2

Plasma

Front 3

What separates the intracellular (inside the cell) material from the extracellular (outside the cell) material

Back 3

Cell membrane

Front 4

The cell membrane can select what substances are allowed to cross it and it is said to be selectively permeable, or _________

Back 4

Semipermeable

Front 5

The cell membrane is composed primarily of ______ and _______

Back 5

Phospholipids and protein

Front 6

This structure contains cellular contents, is a phospholipid bilayer, and regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Back 6

Cell membrane

Front 7

Surrounds and supports organelles and is the gel-like substance found inside the cell but outside the nucleus

Back 7

Cytoplasm

Front 8

This type of endoplasmic reticulum is where protein is synthesized

Back 8

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Front 9

This type of endoplasmic reticulum is where lipids and steroids are made

Back 9

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 10

This intracellular structure converts energy in nutrients to ATP ( power plant of the cell)

Back 10

Mitochondria

Front 11

This intracellular structure packages protein in membranes

Back 11

Golgi apparatus

Front 12

This structure is the site of protein synthesis

Back 12

Ribosomes

Front 13

These structures contain powerful enzymes to destroy waste, bacteria, etc. Also known as the "housekeepers" of the cell

Back 13

Lysosomes

Front 14

This structure provides for intracellular shape and support

Back 14

cytoskeleton

Front 15

These structures separate chromosomes during mitosis

Back 15

Centrioles

Front 16

These create movement over the cell surface

Back 16

Cilia

Front 17

These structures allow sperm to swim

Back 17

Flagella

Front 18

the control center of the cell that contains genetic information is called the ______

Back 18

Nucleus

Front 19

The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the nucleus is called the ______ membrane

Back 19

Nuclear

Front 20

The gel like substance within the nucleus is called _______

Back 20

nucleoplasm

Front 21

The structures inside the cell are called little organs or __________

Back 21

Organelles

Front 22

The inner layer of the mitochondria that has many folds is referred to as _______

Back 22

Cristae

Front 23

What structure in the cell membrane allows substances to pass that will not dissolve within the phospholipid bilayer

Back 23

Pores ( holes in the membrane formed by proteins)

Front 24

Substances can be moved across the cell membrane with or without the use of energy (ATP). This is called ______ transport (without energy) and ______ transport (with energy)

Back 24

Passive, Active

Front 25

Name the four types of passive transport

Back 25

Diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Osmosis, and Filtration

Front 26

Movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called ________

Back 26

Diffusion

Front 27

The most common transport mechanism is _______

Back 27

Diffusion

Front 28

A helper molecule helps move a substance from an area of high to low concentration. This is called __________

Back 28

Facilitated diffusion

Front 29

Movement of water (solvent) from an area with more water to an area with less water is called __________

Back 29

Osmosis

Front 30

Movement of water/dissolved substances from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure is called _________

Back 30

Filtration

Front 31

Movement of a substance from low to high concentration that requires ATP is called a/an ___________

Back 31

Active transport pumps

Front 32

A general term for taking in or ingestion of water or solids by the cell membrane is _______

Back 32

Endocytosis

Front 33

Cellular eating. Taking in solid particles via the cell membrane

Back 33

Phagocytosis

Front 34

Taking in water droplets by the cell membrane ( Cellular drinking) is called ________

Back 34

Pinocytosis

Front 35

Secretion of cellular products out of the cell is called ________

Back 35

Exocytosis

Front 36

When the concentrations on both sides of a membrane are the same a state called _______ has been reached

Back 36

Equilibrium

Front 37

_________ is the ability of a solution to affect the volume and pressure within a cell

Back 37

Tonicity

Front 38

A/an ______ solution is one in which the solution has the same concentration as the intracellular fluid

Back 38

Isotonic

Front 39

If the solution has a lower concentration than that found inside a cell, the solution is said to be ________

Back 39

Hypotonic

Front 40

If a solution has a higher concentration than that found inside a cell, the solution is said to be ___________

Back 40

Hypertonic

Front 41

This type of cell division is involved in bodily growth and repair. It results in two identical "daughter cells"

Back 41

Mitosis

Front 42

The cell cycle is divided into two major phases: ________ and _______

Back 42

Interphase, mitosis

Front 43

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are stages of ________

Back 43

Mitosis

Front 44

When a cell develops it begins to specialize or _______ to produce a specific cell type

Back 44

Differentiate

Front 45

What is the name of a cell that is relatively undifferentiated and whose function is the production of additional unspecialized cells

Back 45

Stem cells

Front 46

A noncancerous tumor could also be called ________

Back 46

Benign

Front 47

A cancerous tumor could also be called a ______ tumor

Back 47

Malignant

Front 48

The spreading of cancer cells is called _________

Back 48

Metastasis

Front 49

Cell death is also called cell ________

Back 49

Necrosis

Front 50

A decrease in the size of the cells, leading to a wasting away of tissues and organs

Back 50

Atrophy

Front 51

Abnormal cell growth with a change in cell size, shape, and organization. These are said to be pre-cancerous

Back 51

Dysplasia

Front 52

Overgrowth or increase in the numbers of cells that increases the size of tissues and organs

Back 52

Hyperplasia

Front 53

Transformation of one cell type into another

Back 53

Metaplasia

Front 54

Death of cells or groups of cells

Back 54

Necrosis

Front 55

Abnormal new growth, also called a tumor. Can be cancerous or benign

Back 55

Neoplasm

Front 56

This type of cell division occurs only in sex cells

Back 56

Meiosis