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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Range of motion of the hip joint |
-Flexion: 125 degrees -Extension: 10-15 degrees -Adduction: 25-30 degrees -Abduction: 30-50 degrees -Internal rotation: 20-25 degrees -External rotation: 30-45 degrees |
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Hip Joint |
-multiaxial (3 degrees of freedom) -synovial ball and socket joint |
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Acetabulum |
-forms a true hemisphere -formed by all 3 bones of os coxae -50 degrees lateral in the frontal plane -20 degrees anteriorly rotated in the transverse plane -20 degrees anteriorly tilted in the sagittal plane -upper portion is spherical, lower is not -surface covered by hyaline cartilage |
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Center edge angle of Wiberg |
-measure acetabular depth -definite dysplasia less than 16 degrees -possible dysplasia 16 to 25 degrees -normal is greater than 25 degrees -major arching over femoral head if over 40 degrees - causes ROM restriction |
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Acetabular Labrum |
-peripheral ring of fibrocartilage that completely encircles the acetabulum -increases joint stability -increases depth of acetabulum -needed because acetabulum is smaller than femoral head -triangular in shape -"vacuum" of hip joint, assures mobility -absorbs joint reaction pressures from the femur |
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"Overhang" of acetabulum |
-sustains highest forces through the femoral head -articular cartilage is thickest here |
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Femoral Head |
-true hemisphere or 2/3 of a sphere -head completely covered in articular cartilage except for fovea -sits anterior, superior, and medial to shaft |
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Ligamentum Teres |
-attaches to the fovea -guides blood vessels to femoral head, comes from obturator a. |
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Labral Impingement |
-CAM -PINCER |
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CAM Impingement |
-pistol grip deformity of the femoral neck -junction of femoral head and neck becomes indistinguishable -male, 20-30 yrs -arthritis and weakness sets in |
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PINCER impingement |
-abberations of the acetabulum -greater coverage, or overhang of the acetabulum on femoral head -female 30-40 yrs -could lead to ossification of the area |
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Angle of inclination (frontal plane) |
-between an axis through the femoral neck and the longitudinal axis of the femoral shaft -125 degrees, 110-140 degrees -Infants: 150 degrees -elderly: 120 degrees |
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Coxa Valga |
-angle of inclination greater than 125 degrees -much less stability |
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Coxa Vara |
-angle of inclination less than 125 degrees -more stable, less mobile, more stress and chance of fracture |
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Genu Vara (bow leg) |
-caused by coxa valga |
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Genu Valga (knock knee) |
-caused by coxa vara |
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Angle of torsion (transverse plane) |
-a medial rotation of the femoral shaft in relation to the head and neck of the femur -infants: 30-40 degrees -adults: 10-20 degrees, 15 for males and 18 for females |
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Femoral Anteversion |
-a pathological increase in the angle of torsion or inclination -greater than 15 to 20 degrees -increased internal rotation |
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Femoral Retroversion |
-a pathological decrease in the angle of torsion less than 15 to 20 degrees -more common in obese children -increased external rotation |
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"Overhang" |
-created by head, neck and shaft -weight of body transmitted to shaft by distinct lever arm - the femoral neck -overhang increases lever arm for hip abductors |
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Trabeculae |
-2 major -medial and lateral -3 minor -secondary compressive system, secondary tensile system, trochanter system -transmit forces, stronger where patterns overlap -weak where there are no patterns |
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Sacroacetabular system |
-trabecular system from SI joint to femoral head |
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Sacroischial system |
-trabecular system from SI joint to ischium |
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Hip Joint Capsule |
-cylindrical sleeve -attaches to periphery of acetabulum via labrum and neck of femur -comprised of longitudinal, oblique, arcuate, and circular fibers -circular fibers form zona obicularis-divides capsule into lateral/medial chambers |
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Frenula |
-accordion like folds found on interior and superior aspects of capsule -permits full ROM of adduction and abduction |
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Hip Joint Ligaments |
Anterior: -iliofemoral (Y): Strongest and restricts all motion -pubofemoral: restricts lateral rotation Posterior: -ischiofemoral: restricts rotation |
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Ligamentum Teres |
-serves as guide for the branch of the obturator a. -has its own synovial sheath but is within the capsule |
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Intracapsular components |
-transverse acetabular ligament -acetabular labrum -ligamentum teres -acetabular fat pad |
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Hip Joint anastamoses |
-medial and lateral circumflex -inferior and superior gluteal -branch from the posterior division of the obturator a. |
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Loose pack position of hip |
-35 degree flexion and abduction with slight external rotation |
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Closed pack position for the hip |
-Maximum hyperextension, internal rotation, and adduction -most congruent on all fours |
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Joint Reaction Force |
-a force generated within a joint in response to forces acting on the joint |
